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WO1996007320A1 - Amelioration de la productivite de plantes - Google Patents

Amelioration de la productivite de plantes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996007320A1
WO1996007320A1 PCT/FI1995/000485 FI9500485W WO9607320A1 WO 1996007320 A1 WO1996007320 A1 WO 1996007320A1 FI 9500485 W FI9500485 W FI 9500485W WO 9607320 A1 WO9607320 A1 WO 9607320A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
betaine
yield
grapevines
plants
grapes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1995/000485
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Naidu Bodapati
Erkki Virtanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danisco Finland Oy
Original Assignee
Cultor Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cultor Oyj filed Critical Cultor Oyj
Priority to EP95929913A priority Critical patent/EP0782389A1/fr
Priority to AU33485/95A priority patent/AU695155B2/en
Publication of WO1996007320A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996007320A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of betaine to improve the yield of plants.
  • the invention relates especially to the use of betaine to improve the yield of grapevine.
  • the yield can be improved particularly under stress conditions, i.e. when the conditions are poor due to e.g. low temperatures, drought, high salinity or environmental poisons interfering with the growth.
  • the invention also relates to grapevines treated with betaine, to grapes produced by the grapevines, and to products prepared from the grapes.
  • Viticulture is economically a very significant part of agriculture.
  • Wines of the important wine- producing countries, such as France, Italy, Australia and the United States, are the most valuable products on the world market.
  • vineyards that produce grapes used in the production of these premium wines hesitate to increase the yield, since yield-increasing cultural and management practices, such as the use of fertilizers, have a negative effect on grape juice and thereby also on the quality of wine.
  • yield-increasing cultural and management practices such as the use of fertilizers, have a negative effect on grape juice and thereby also on the quality of wine.
  • the size of the grapes should be maintained in the characteristic size of the variety.
  • the flavour compounds are derived from the peel of the grape, and therefore if the fruit size is increased by e.g. fertilizers, the flavour compounds are reduced and the quality of the wine deteriorates.
  • the invention thus relates to the exogenous use of betaine to improve the yield of grapevine.
  • the invention also relates to grapes produced by grapevines treated exogenously with betaine, and to the use of the grapes as such or as a raw material for food industry, such as wine, juice and brewing industry. Grapes can naturally also be used for other purposes, for example in spices, sweets, jams, etc.
  • the invention also relates to a method of improving the yield of grapevine, in which method betaine is exogenously applied to a growing grapevine.
  • the invention further relates to grapes provided by grapevines treated exogenously with betaine.
  • Betaine is applied to the plant in either one or several successive treatments.
  • the application may be performed for example by spraying together with some other spraying of fertilizers or pesticides, if desired.
  • Betaine utilized according to the invention is transported to the plant cells, actively regulates the osmotic balance of the cells and also participates in other processes of cell metabolism. A cell treated with betaine is more viable even when subjected to exogenous stress factors.
  • the betaine treatment according to the invention is economically advantageous, and the yield increases in an amount that is economically profitable and significant.
  • the treatment does not produce significantly more work since it may be performed together with other sprayings of fertilizers or pesticides, and it does not require new investments in machinery, equipment or space.
  • betaine is a non-toxic natural product, which has no detrimental effects on the quality of the yield.
  • Betaine is also a stable substance that remains in the plant cells and thereby has a long-standing effect.
  • Betaine refers to fully N-methylated a ino acids. Betaines are natural products that have an important function in the metabolism of both plants and animals.
  • betaine One of the most common betaines is a glycine derivative wherein three methyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom of the glycine molecule.
  • This betaine compound is usually called betaine, glycinebetaine or trimethylglycine, and its structural formula is presented below:
  • betaines are for example alaninebetaine and prolinebetaine, which has been reported to for example prevent perosis in chicks.
  • R.G. Wyn Jones and R. Storey describe betaines in detail in The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants (Paleg, L.G. and Aspinall, D. (Eds.), Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, 1981).
  • Betaine has a bipolar structure and it contains several chemically reactive methyl groups which it can donate in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Most organisms can synthesize small amounts of betaine for example for the methyl function, but they cannot react to stress by substantially increasing the production and storage of betaine. Best known organisms accumulating betaine are plants belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family, for example sugar beet, and some microbes and marine invertebrates. The main reason for the betaine accumulation in these organisms is probably that betaine acts as an osmolyte and thus protects the cells from the effects of osmotic stress.
  • betaine in these plants and microbes is to increase the osmotic strength of the cells when the conditions require this, for example in case of high salinity or drought, thus preventing water loss.
  • betaine is highly compatible with enzymes, and the betaine content in cells and cell organelles may therefore be high without having any detrimental effect on the metabolism.
  • Betaine has also been found to have a stabilizing effect on the operation of acromolecules; it improves the heat resistance and ionic tolerance of enzymes and cell membranes. Grapevines do not normally store betaine in their cells.
  • Betaine can be recovered for example from sugar beet with chromatographic methods. Betaine is commercially available for example under the trademark of BETAFIN, Cultor Oy, Finnsugar Bioproducts. BETAFIN is crystalline water-free betaine of Finnsugar Bioproducts. Other betaine products, such as betaine monohydrate, betaine hydrochloride and raw betaine liquids, are also commercially available and they can be used for the purposes of the present invention.
  • betaine is used exogenously in order to improve the yield of grapevine.
  • betaine is used to improve the yield of grapevine especially under stress conditions, i.e. when the plants are subjected to periodic or continuous exogenous stress.
  • exogenous stress factors include for example drought, humidity, low or high temperatures, high salinity, herbicides, environmental poisons, etc.
  • Treating plants subjected to stress conditions exogenously with betaine for example improves the adaptation of the plants to the conditions and maintains their growth potential longer, thereby improving the yield-producing capacity of the plants.
  • Betaine is also a stable substance that remains in the plant cells. The positive effect of betaine is thereby long-standing and diminishes only gradually due to dilution caused by the growth.
  • Betaine is applied to grapevines in either one or several successive treatments. Application in a single dose is considered preferable.
  • the amount used varies depending on the grapevine variety and the phase of growth.
  • a useful amount can be for example about 0.1 to 20 kg of betaine per hectare.
  • a preferable amount is thus for example about 4 kg of betaine per hectare.
  • the amounts given here are only suggestive; the scope of the present invention thus contains all amounts that work in the manner described herein.
  • Betaine can easily be spread for example through spraying. Such spraying can be performed together with some other spraying of fertilizers or pesticides, if desired.
  • an aqueous solution of betaine is preferably used.
  • the time of the treatment according to the invention may vary, too. If betaine is applied in a single treatment, the treatment is usually performed at an early stage of growth, for example immediately after the leaves have come out. If betaine is applied in two successive treatments, the second spraying is performed preferably in the beginning of flowering or when stress can be forecasted on the basis of the weather.
  • the betaine treatment according to the invention considerably improves the yield of grapevines.
  • the treatment according to the invention is economically advantageous and the increase in the yield is economically profitable and significant.
  • This invention has provided evidence that the yield of grapevine can be increased by as much as 50% by utilizing a suitable betaine application rate, for example about 4 kg/ha. It should also be noted that even though the yield increases to such a considerable extent, the quality does not deteriorate. It has been shown in this invention that for example the cold resistance and drought resistance of grapevines can be considerably improved with the betaine treatment according to the invention without deterioration in the quality.
  • yield is determined on the basis of several factors, such as the number of bunches, number of grapes per bunch or bunch weight and grape size, measured for example on the basis of the weight of 100 grapes.
  • the increase in yield resulted from an increased number of bunches and not from an increase in the grape size.
  • the bunches of grapevines treated with betaine were very compact and well filled. Betaine can thus prevent flower/fruit drop, and this is a clear indication of the positive effects of betaine application on plants.
  • Example 1 The effect of betaine on grapevine yield was determined under field conditions utilizing four different betaine concentrations: 0 (control), 1, 2 and 4 kg of betaine per hectare. An aqueous solution of betaine was used in the experiment, the betaine content of the solution being 12 g/1. The solution also contained 2 ml/1 of non-ionic wetter, Plus-50 (Ciba Geigy).
  • the amount of betaine solution applied was about 350 1/ha or 64 1/1000 m of a cultivated row, and the application was performed always on each side of the row in order to ensure that the plants were uniformly treated with betaine.
  • the grapevines were otherwise cultivated in a normal manner without irrigation, and they were periodically plagued by drought and cold weather; the temperature varied between about 3 and 30°C.
  • the grapevine cultivar was Pinot Noir.
  • Four uniform-looking vines were selected during budburst. When there was about 50% budburst, but before any flower opening, two of the plants were treated with a single dose of a certain concentration of betaine, whereas the other two vines received at this stage only half of the selected betaine concentration and the remaining dose was applied a month later in the beginning of flowering.
  • a single application of betaine was found to be more effective than several applications.
  • the bunches were picked and the yield was calculated by converting the number of grapes provided by two vines into a yield per hectare on the basis of the number of vines growing within one hectare.
  • the number of bunches per vine was calculated by dividing the total number of bunches of two vines by two.
  • the experiment showed that a single betaine dosage of 2 kg/ha or 4 kg/ha provided a considerably greater yield. The best result was obtained with the dosage of 4 kg/ha, whereupon the yield increased from a control value of 6.5 t/ha to 9.8 t/ha. This signifies a net increase of 3.3 t/ha, i.e.
  • Example 2 The experiments described in Example 1 were repeated utilizing betaine concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg/ha, applied in a single dose. There were 4 plants for each application, but otherwise the test arrangements were similar to Example 1. The best results were also obtained here with the betaine dosage of 4 kg/ha. The number of grapes also increased significantly when betaine was added in the amount of 4 kg/ha. A greater amount of betaine did not further increase the number of bunches. The results are shown in Table 2.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation exogène de bétaïne, afin d'améliorer la productivité d'exploitations viticoles. On utilise la bétaïne, afin d'améliorer la productivité, en particulier, dans des conditions d'environnement négatives. L'invention concerne également des vignes traitées à la bétaïne de façon exogène, les raisins produits par ces vignes, ainsi que les produits préparés à partir de ces raisins.
PCT/FI1995/000485 1994-09-07 1995-09-07 Amelioration de la productivite de plantes Ceased WO1996007320A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95929913A EP0782389A1 (fr) 1994-09-07 1995-09-07 Amelioration de la productivite de plantes
AU33485/95A AU695155B2 (en) 1994-09-07 1995-09-07 Improving the yield of plants

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI944104A FI96112C (fi) 1994-09-07 1994-09-07 Kasvien satotuloksen parantaminen
FI944104 1994-09-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996007320A1 true WO1996007320A1 (fr) 1996-03-14

Family

ID=8541314

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1995/000485 Ceased WO1996007320A1 (fr) 1994-09-07 1995-09-07 Amelioration de la productivite de plantes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0782389A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU695155B2 (fr)
FI (1) FI96112C (fr)
WO (1) WO1996007320A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998037763A1 (fr) * 1997-02-26 1998-09-03 Ab Tall (Holdings) Pty. Ltd. Procede pour accroitre la resistance aux parasites
EP0790772A4 (fr) * 1994-11-15 1999-01-27 Tall Holdings Pty Ltd Ab Regulateur d'osmolyte
FR2955231A1 (fr) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-22 Ithec Innovation Tech Expansion Commerciale Moyens de lutte contre les maladies du bois de la vigne
CN102674972A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 昆明学院 一种用于葡萄的氨基酸冲施肥及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU704641B2 (en) * 1994-11-15 1999-04-29 Ab Tall (Holdings) Pty Ltd Osmolyte regulator

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0181494A1 (fr) * 1984-10-11 1986-05-21 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Agent de régulation de la croissance des plantes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01228416A (ja) * 1988-03-08 1989-09-12 Katakura Chitsukarin Kk 養液による植物の栽培法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0181494A1 (fr) * 1984-10-11 1986-05-21 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Agent de régulation de la croissance des plantes

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
J. PLANT PHYSIOL, Volume 140, 1992, Y. ZHAO et al., "Protection of Membrane Integrity in Medicago Sativa L. by Glycinebetaine Against the Effects of Freezing", pages 541-543. *
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, Volume 38, No. 188, March 1987, M.I. LONE et al., "Influence of Proline and Glycinebetaine on Salt Tolerance of Cultured Barley Embryos", pages 479-490. *
PLANT SCIENCE LETTERS, Volume 25, 1982, C. ITAI et al., "Responses of Water-Stressed Hordeum Distichum L. and Cucumis Sativus to Proline and Betaine", pages 329-335. *
STN INTERNATIONAL, DERWENT INFORMATION LTD, WPIDS Accession No. 89-312201, CHIKKARIN K., "Plant Supported on Basal Bed - is Cultivated with Nourishing Liq. Contg. Betaine (s)"; & JP,A,01 228 416, 12-09-89, (8943). *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0790772A4 (fr) * 1994-11-15 1999-01-27 Tall Holdings Pty Ltd Ab Regulateur d'osmolyte
WO1998037763A1 (fr) * 1997-02-26 1998-09-03 Ab Tall (Holdings) Pty. Ltd. Procede pour accroitre la resistance aux parasites
FR2955231A1 (fr) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-22 Ithec Innovation Tech Expansion Commerciale Moyens de lutte contre les maladies du bois de la vigne
CN102674972A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 昆明学院 一种用于葡萄的氨基酸冲施肥及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI96112C (fi) 1996-05-10
EP0782389A1 (fr) 1997-07-09
FI96112B (fi) 1996-01-31
AU3348595A (en) 1996-03-27
FI944104A0 (fi) 1994-09-07
AU695155B2 (en) 1998-08-06

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