WO1996006176A1 - Hsv1-tk modifiee fonctionnelle - Google Patents
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- WO1996006176A1 WO1996006176A1 PCT/FR1995/001098 FR9501098W WO9606176A1 WO 1996006176 A1 WO1996006176 A1 WO 1996006176A1 FR 9501098 W FR9501098 W FR 9501098W WO 9606176 A1 WO9606176 A1 WO 9606176A1
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/45—Transferases (2)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/16011—Herpesviridae
- C12N2710/16611—Simplexvirus, e.g. human herpesvirus 1, 2
- C12N2710/16622—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
- C12N2740/16041—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2740/16043—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement made to drugs used in gene therapy by suicide gene, and in particular to all drugs using the expression system of a thymidine kinase gene in cells infected with a virus or in cells cancer, making said cells specifically sensitive to nucleoside analogs (AN), especially ganciclovir (GCV) or aciclovir (ACV).
- AN nucleoside analogs
- GCV ganciclovir
- ACCV aciclovir
- the herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase gene The herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase gene
- HSV1-TK has acquired considerable importance in the development of antiviral or anticancer therapy using conditional toxicity and I ⁇ SV1-TK is the enzyme which has been the subject of the greatest number of investigations relating to genes suicides.
- This enzyme non-toxic to eukaryotic cells, has the characteristic of being able to transform certain nucleoside analogues such as ACV OR GCV into monophosphated molecules, which cellular kinases are normally incapable of (1,2). These monophosphated nucleosides are then converted by cellular enzymes into nucleoside triphosphates which are used during the synthesis of DNA and block the elongation process, thus causing cell death.
- viral thymidine kinases having the same properties can also be used, in particular that of the Varicella zoster virus (VZV) as described in patent application EP 415 731.
- VZV Varicella zoster virus
- HSV1-TK This conditional toxicity of HSV1-TK was first demonstrated in vitro and is now used in vivo for several purposes including:
- retroviruses appear to be the vectors of choice.
- an essential prerequisite for their use for therapeutic purposes is to ensure the safety of their use: the present invention offers a means of increasing the safety of the system without reducing the therapeutic index of treatment with an AN by administration.
- retrovirus recombinants containing a gene coding for thymidine kinase, said gene being modified by deletion or mutation in its 5 ′ part so that the gene expresses non-toxic kinase activity in the presence of GCV if it is expressed weakly and toxic if it is expressed strongly.
- the therapeutic index is defined as the ratio of the lethal doses 50% (LD50) of the treatment with A.N. of cells containing the suicide gene of those which do not contain it; in some cases, the therapeutic index may be increased if cells expressing the low-level suicide gene remain insensitive to the toxic effect of A.N.
- the security of the system is brought about by the use of packaging cells which produce only defective retroviruses thus avoiding the dissemination of a reconstituted wild virus in the cell population or the treated tissue; the development of such packaging cell lines has dramatically increased the use of retroviruses in gene therapy; in this case, the viral vector proper retains the essential sequences: the LTRs for the control of reverse transcription and integration, the ⁇ sequence necessary for packaging, the TB sequence necessary for viral replication; the viral genes (gag, pol, env) are deleted and replaced by the thymidine kinase gene placed under the dependence of its own promoter or a promoter deemed more powerful, specific or regulable.
- the viral genes gag, pol, env are often integrated into another vector, sometimes called a helper and defective in the LTR and ⁇ sequences. Their expression allows the packaging of the transgene to the exclusion of the genes necessary for the multiplication of the viral genome and for the formation of complete viral particles.
- the proviral form of the Helper is generally integrated into the genome of a murine cell line (for example the fibroblastic line NIH / 3T3) which plays both the role of host for the vector and of Helper for the functions which make it default.
- a murine cell line for example the fibroblastic line NIH / 3T3
- the cell strain becomes capable of producing detectable infectious viral particles.
- these particles contain only the transgene (HSV1-TK) but do not contain the information necessary for the reconstitution of complete viral particles in the target cells.
- This system is therefore designed to normally prevent any further spread of virus after the first infection, i.e. 4 say if the virus carrying the transgene enters a cell lacking information of the Helper type (gag, pol, env), its production is stopped.
- Helper type gag, pol, env
- a nucleic acid sequence including a sequence coding for an envelope or membrane protein, which sequence is under the dependence of a promoter and is associated if appropriate with said transgene and flanked at its 3 * end by a polyadenylation site, the recombinant viral genome and the nucleic acid sequence including the sequence for the env protein being capable of complementing in trans and allowing the host cell to produce defective infectious viruses provided with the envelope protein but lacking the corresponding gene.
- transgene to be expressed is a suicide gene of the HSV1-TK type.
- This system allows the production in the first stage of infectious viral particles carrying in particular the HSV1-TK gene but themselves lacking the envelope gene, this leading to an abortive infectious cycle from the second infection.
- a therapeutic target of the HSV1-TK / AN system consists of cells infected or infectable by a virus, in particular the HIV retrovirus.
- these cells are, unlike cancer cells, cells which divide little and therefore unlikely to be infected directly and with good efficacy by a retroviral vector; the cells concerned are then infected by a construct comprising the thymidine kinase gene under the control of the HIV LTR, this construct itself being included in a recombinant retrovirus which ensures its transduction with the required efficiency.
- the cells after infection with a retrovirus such as HIV produce the transactivating signals of the LTR, causing the expression of the thymidine kinase gene and making the cells sensitive to the ANs then administered as drugs (5).
- it is the infection itself by the virus that will trigger the expression of the killer gene and give the cell a particular sensitivity to ganciclovir or aciclovir.
- the suicide genes under the control of a specific promoter, be regulated in such a way that all of the treatment associating the transfection of the cells with the vector carrying the thymidine kinase gene and the administration of drugs of the aciclovir or ganciclovir type will in no way affect healthy cells, and it is the aim of the present invention to add an additional safety element.
- the transgene In the case, for example, of the treatment of HIV infection, the transgene must be introduced into the hematopoietic stem cells and expressed, if possible, exclusively in the differentiated cells which will result therefrom, in particular the T lymphocytes, the monocytes and dendritic cells.
- this gene it will be necessary for this gene to be activated only in the presence of infection with the retrovirus, so that only the infected cells are destroyed by administration of GCV or ACV.
- the HIV LTR it has been shown that in the absence of HIV infection, the HIV LTR always has a weak but real basal expression (6).
- This basal expression may be a problem with certain suicide genes and certain nucleoside analogs; for example, lymphoid cells which express the HSV1-TK gene under the control of the HIV LTR express this gene weakly and continuously, which does not allow ganciclovir to be used as a nucleostide analog because the latter s is far too toxic.
- this drug can be used at a concentration of 10 microMolars which respects uninfected cells and which makes it possible to kill infected cells (7).
- HSV1 thymidine kinase limits the therapeutic index of A.N. used and it is not possible, by use of this system, to increase the concentrations of aciclovir beyond 10 microMolar, which in some cases might be highly desirable.
- the “bystander” or metabolic cooperation effect described above could have the consequence of making A.N. toxic for cells neighboring the target cells, but not initially targeted, and conferring side effects on the treatment; one of the ways to reduce this “bystander” effect is to include in the construction a promoter specific for the tissue or cells targeted for treatment. However, residual expression of thymidine kinase may remain even under the dependence of a specific promoter in tissues or in cells transfected with the plasmid.
- the weakly expressed suicide gene is well tolerated during treatment with aciclovir or ganciclovir, but which, when its expression is activated for example by transactivation during a HIV infection is as toxic as the wild-type HSV1-TK gene.
- the present invention relates to a recombinant vector carrying a suicide gene dependent on a promoter and capable, when expressed in cells transformed by said vector, of phosphorylating nucleoside analogs such as aciclovir or ganciclovir leading to cell death by blocking replication, said vector being characterized in that the suicide gene is the thymidine kinase gene of the Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV1 -TK) deleted in its 5 'part of all or part of the sequence 5 'upstream of the second ATG codon corresponding to methionine 46 of the complete protein, in particular when the deletion includes all or part of the 1st initiation codon corresponding to methionine No. 1.
- HSV1 -TK Herpes Simplex virus type 1
- the present invention results from the discovery that the HSV * ⁇ -TK gene contains, between the first two ATG codons, a cryptic promoter and several transcription initiation sites leading in certain situations to the synthesis of functional and truncated thymidine kinase in its terminal N part. It has been shown, in fact, that transgenic male mice having the HSV1-TK gene as a transgene with conditional toxicity to destroy certain cell categories and study their effects, become sterile, making their reproduction impossible; this sterility was due (15) to hyper-expression of the HSV1-TK gene in the testes accompanied by the formation of shorter transcripts initiated in the coding sequence of HSV1-TK. Subsequent experiments have shown that this cryptic promoter to the HSV1-TK gene was specifically activated in the testes leading to this hyper production of truncated and nonetheless functional HSV-TK (15).
- HSV1-TK In the use of plasmids carrying HSV1-TK as suicide genes in the presence of A.N., the conditional toxicity of HSV1-TK depends on the quantity of both nucleoside analogs and of the enzyme synthesized by the HSV1-TK gene. What is surprising in the construction of the invention is that not only does it make it possible to express, from the truncated HSV1-TK gene, a kinase activity but also that this activity makes it possible to phosphorylate nucleoside analogs such as aciclovir or ganciclovir, in the same way as HSV1-TK, as demonstrated below in example 2 and reference 15.
- HSV1- ⁇ TK truncated HSV1-TK
- the construction of the invention and in particular the nature of the promoter in 5 ′ of the coding sequence HSV1-TK will be chosen according to the use which one wishes to make of the conditional toxicity of the gene HSV1- ⁇ TK in the presence of nucleoside analogs; for example, in the treatment of cells infected or infectable with HIV, it will preferably be chosen a promoter of the HIV LTR type, in particular HIV1 or HIV2 comprising at 3 ′ a sequence transactivable by TAT of the TAR type as described in patent WO 93 / 08844.
- kinase activity capable of phosphorylating nucleoside analogs, such as ACV or GCV
- the construction of the invention comprising the HSV1- ⁇ TK gene can be introduced into any packaging cell line described in the prior art and in particular that cited above: these packaging cell lines containing a construction of the invention are capable of transferring the active principle of a toxic drug in the presence of nucleoside analogs for dividing cells and in particular cancer cells.
- the packaging cell lines transformed by a recombinant vector containing the thymidine kinase gene carrying a deletion upstream of the 2nd ATG initiation codon coding for methionine at position 46 of the whole protein are part of the invention.
- cell lines producing a retrovirus in which the env gene has been deleted in whole, or in part, and substituted by HSV1- ⁇ TK and a nucleic acid sequence including a sequence coding for an envelope protein. , which sequence is under the control of a promoter and is associated where appropriate with said transgene, and flanked at its 3 ′ end a site of polyadé ⁇ ylatio ⁇ said recombinant viral genome and said sequence being capable of complementing in trans and allowing said cell host to produce infectious viruses lacking the env gene, the whole forming a vector host system which could be injected as such into tumor cells.
- the recombinant pseudoviral sequence contained in the cell line can be derived from a Moloney MuLV genome or from that of an HIV virus.
- said cells may be transfected with a construct containing a sequence HSV1- ⁇ TK, under the dependence of a specific promoter of the virus capable of infecting said cells, for example HIV and T lymphocytes, the construct further comprising a gene transactivable by TAT, causing activation of the promoter and of transcription of the gene in the presence of an infectious virus.
- a construct containing a sequence HSV1- ⁇ TK under the dependence of a specific promoter of the virus capable of infecting said cells, for example HIV and T lymphocytes
- the construct further comprising a gene transactivable by TAT, causing activation of the promoter and of transcription of the gene in the presence of an infectious virus.
- the population of cells, in particular hematopoietic and containing the type of construct of the invention also forms part of the invention.
- the characteristic cited above of the construction containing HSV1- ⁇ TK of phosphorylating the nucleoside analogs when transcription is activated and of not phosphorylating them when the expression is weak, has the consequence that in the latter case, the cells expressing said gene Suicide are insensitive to AN and in particular GCV at doses between 0 and 10 microMolar, whereas after transactivation the cells are sensitive to doses between 10 "2 and 10 " 1 microMolar of GCV.
- the populations of cells which can thus be transfected and contain the constructs of the invention can be:
- the promoter may be an HIV LTR
- the promoter capable of being activated can be a cytokine promoter
- the invention also relates to:
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a recombinant viral vector carrying a suicide gene under the dependence of a specific transactivable promoter, the toxicity of the gene product in the presence of nucleoside analogs dependent on said transactivation, characterized in that the suicide gene is an HSV1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV1-TK) deleted in its 5 ′ part of all or part of the sequence upstream from the second ATG initiation codon corresponding to methionine 46 of the complete protein, in particular when the deletion includes all or part of the 1st initiation codon corresponding to methionine n ° 1.
- HSV1-TK HSV1 thymidine kinase gene
- the invention relates to the very gene for the thymidine kinase of HSV1-TK truncated in its 5 ′ region of all or part of the sequence upstream from the second initiation codon ATG corresponding to methionine 46 of the complete protein, in particular when the deletion includes all or part of the 1st initiation codon corresponding to methionine n ° 1 and capable of retaining a phosphorylation activity of nucleoside analogs and having a conditional toxicity in the presence of GCV above 10 microMolar analogues, when said gene is weakly expressed and exhibits a conditional toxicity between 10 and 10 '1 microMolar AN, essentially GCV when the gene is activated.
- FIG. 1b represents the construction of the invention deleted from the region upstream of the 2nd ATG codon.
- FIG. 2 represents the toxicity of increasing doses of ganciclovir on cells expressing the HSV1-TK or HSV1- ⁇ TK gene under the control of LTR-HIV (LTR-TK or LTR- ⁇ TK) in the absence or presence of Tat.
- the indication C1 indicates that the 1st clone of the cell line has been used, C2 referring to a 2nd clone and “bulk” to a mixture or to the non-cloned line.
- FIG. 3 represents the profiles obtained by FPLC of the different phosphorylated forms of GCV, after cell transfection by a construct comprising HSV1-TK (FIG.
- FIG. 4 represents the sensitivity to ganciclovir of bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and previously transfected with a construct comprising HSV1-TK (black squares) or HSV1- ⁇ TK (- ⁇ Tk40 and - ⁇ TK72) under the control of LTR -HIV.
- FIG. 5 represents the effect of GCV in vivo on control mice (D), transgenic mice expressing weakly TK (transgenic mice in which TK is under the control of HIV-LTR (A) expressing weakly ⁇ -TK (transgenic mice in which ⁇ -TK is under the control of HIV-LTR) (B), strongly expressing ⁇ -TK (mouse transgenics in which ⁇ -TK is under the control of HIV-LTR are crossed with transgenic mice expressing Tat under the control of a ubiquitous promoter (•).
- the graphs show the depletions of the dendritic cells obtained after 7 days of treatment with GCV expressed in mg / kg / day.
- the HSV1-TK gene or the HSV1- ⁇ TK gene were integrated into a plasmid under the control of HIV 5 'LTR according to the experimental protocol described by Caruso et al 1992 (7) and by Salomon et al 1995 (15).
- the LTR has two remarkable characteristics:
- a ⁇ TK sequence is amplified by PCR using the TK gene as a template.
- the pair of primers used for the PCR amplification is as follows: a) the oligonucleotide in 5 ′ of sequence:
- 5'CCGAATTCAAGCTTATGCCCACGCTACTGCCGG3 'contains an Eco R1 site and a Hindlll site. stuck to the sequence downstream of the 2nd ATG initiation codon of TK indicated in bold; b) the oligonucleotide in 3 ′ of sequence
- a 1.05 Kb PCR fragment is then digested with HindIII and Bam HI and ligated downstream of the HIV LTR sequence of the plasmid p LTR-TK deleted from its TK sequence by digestion with HindIII and Bam HI.
- the retroviral plasmid pNCTat was constructed by insertion of the cDNA fragment obtained by digestion with Bam HI of the Tat fragment of the plasmid pCV-1 as described by Arya et al (12) downstream of an immediate early promoter of cytomegalovirus of the pNC vector. The latter has the neomycin gene and the cytomegalovirus promoter between the two LTRs of Moloney MLV virus.
- the plasmid can also contain 3 'of the LTR the HIV TAR gene.
- the constructions used will be chosen according to the use which one wishes to make of the toxicity of the suicide gene.
- the plasmid pMTK will preferably be used as described in Caruso et al. 1993 (8).
- HSV1-TK The presence of a cryptic promoter in the coding sequence of HSV1-TK was initially suggested by a Northern Blot analysis; in transfection experiments with an HSV1-TK gene lacking a promoter and then selection according to the criterion of obtaining a functional protein, Roberts et al (13) detected two transcripts of 1.1 Kb and 0.9 Kb. Furthermore, Al Shawi et al (14) detected transcripts in the testes of transgenic mice carrying the HSV1-TK gene.
- S riboprobe The first probe used, called S riboprobe in Figure 1, has been described in Salomon et al (10);
- the second probe called ribosonde P in Figure 1
- ribosonde P was obtained as follows; a Bglll-Sacl restriction fragment of the thymidine kinase HSV1-TK was integrated into the plasmid PGEM3Z marketed by the company Promega; the PGEM-TK was then linearized by the enzyme Pvull then the T7 RNA polymerase was used on the PGEM-TK, linearized to finally give the ribosonde P.
- Example 1 Sensitivity to ganciclovir of L cells transfected with a construct containing HSV1- ⁇ TK
- the constructs carrying the LTR- ⁇ TK, or the LTR-TK control were first transfected into L cells deficient in cellular thymidine kinase and selected by the presence of a functional thymidine kinase by selection at HAT.
- Clones of cells transfected with LTR-TK normally grow in the selection medium, while clones of cells transfected with LTR- ⁇ TK appear transiently and then die during the second week in selective medium.
- L cells deficient in cell thymidine kinase were again co-transfected with a plasmid expressing hygromycin and the LTR- ⁇ TK construct.
- the different clones were selected in a medium containing hygromycin.
- Clone C1 stably transfects with LTR- ⁇ TK was then infected with a retrovirus expressing the HIV TAT protein (obtained from the retroviral plasmid pNCTat) which transactivates the HIV LTR in 5 ′ of ⁇ TK, then a selection is made. in HAT.
- the ID50 of the clone LTR- ⁇ TK (C1) is 20 ⁇ M, namely the same sensitivity to GCV as the parental cells whereas the ID50 of two clones tested LTR- ⁇ TK + TAT is between 0.03 and 0.08 ⁇ M.
- truncated thymidine kinase has the same efficiency as normal thymidine kinase when the gene is activated (LTR- ⁇ TK + TAT), while at a low level of expression, that is to say - say without transactivation by TAT, the level of sensitivity to ganciclovir is identical to that found in control cells lacking the TK or ⁇ TK gene.
- LTR- ⁇ TK transactivated by Tat obtained only after selection in hygromycin are killed at concentrations of GCV lower than 0.1 ⁇ M.
- FIG. 3 shows the profiles obtained after chromatography by FPLC (Pharmacia) of the lysates of L cells transfected either by LTR-TK (FIG. 3a), or by LTR- ⁇ TK (FIG. 3c) or by LTR- ⁇ TK + TAT (FIG. 3b)
- Example 3 Transfection of the LTR- ⁇ TK gene in mouse lines. thirteen transgenic lines carrying the LTR- ⁇ TK were carried out, the males of all these lines being fertile and transmitting the transgene to their descendants according to a Mandeleian transmission.
- Bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF for 6 days, thereby generating proliferative dendritic cells.
- the ID50 is 40 ⁇ M for non-transgenic mice, 0.035 ⁇ M for transgenic lines comprising the complete LTR-TK gene, 2 ⁇ M for the transgenic line LTR- ⁇ TK 72 and 20 ⁇ M for the LTR- ⁇ TK 40 line.
- GCV was additionally administered to mice of 12 different transgenic lines: the dose of 20 to 50 mg per kilogram per day which was used for the ablation of the cells in the transgenic line LTR-TK 14 has no effect on the LTR- ⁇ TK line; only the high doses of GCV (70 to 120 mg per kilo per day) which are non-toxic for non-transgenic mice have a moderate effect on 6 of these lines.
- the dendritic cells are partially depleted since they represent 0.4 to 0.9% of the splenocytes; this is to be compared with the 1.5% obtained with non-transgenic mice.
- LTR- ⁇ TK mice the expression of ⁇ -TK is very low and explains the partial depletion of dendritic cells.
- GCV-treated double transgenic mice have a depletion of dendritic cells in the spleen equivalent to GCV-treated LTR-TK transgenic mice as shown in Figure 5.
- Gene therapy by suicide gene can then be considered in the event that the risk / benefit evaluation becomes unfavorable with the use of the complete gene.
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95927796A EP0777736A1 (fr) | 1994-08-25 | 1995-08-17 | Hsv1-tk modifiee fonctionnelle |
| US08/793,518 US6004803A (en) | 1994-08-25 | 1995-08-17 | Genes encoding HSV1-TK containing a deletion of 5' cryptic promoter sites, vectors and cell lines |
| JP8507824A JPH10506007A (ja) | 1994-08-25 | 1995-08-17 | 機能修飾されたhsv1−tk |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9410298A FR2723962B1 (fr) | 1994-08-25 | 1994-08-25 | Hsv1-tk modifiee fonctionnelle |
| FR94/10298 | 1994-08-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996006176A1 true WO1996006176A1 (fr) | 1996-02-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1995/001098 Ceased WO1996006176A1 (fr) | 1994-08-25 | 1995-08-17 | Hsv1-tk modifiee fonctionnelle |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6004803A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0777736A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH10506007A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2723962B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1996006176A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2746016A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-19 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa | Combinaisons d'enzymes pour la destruction de cellules proliferatives |
| WO1999019466A3 (fr) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-07-08 | Darwin Molecular Corp | Mutants et proteines de fusion de thymidine kinase presentant des activites de thymidine kinase et de guanylate kinase |
| AU773542B2 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2004-05-27 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma, The | Glycosulfopeptides and methods of synthesis and use thereof |
| EP1914304A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-14 | 2008-04-23 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Mutants de kinase de thymidine et protéines de fusion ayant de la kinase de thymidine et activités de kinase de guanylate |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9392790B2 (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2016-07-19 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Molecular roadblocks for RpoN binding sites |
| WO2019132596A1 (fr) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | 주식회사 바이오녹스 | Virus oncolytique à sécurité et effet anticancéreux ameliorés |
| CN111818932A (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-10-23 | 拜耳诺克斯有限公司 | 包含抗癌病毒和羟基脲作为有效成分的预防或治疗癌症的药物组合物 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0494776A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-11 | 1992-07-15 | University Of Edinburgh | Méthode d'altération de l'état métabolique de cellules ne se divisant pas et animaux transgéniques obtenus |
| WO1994013824A1 (fr) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-06-23 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie (Paris Vi) | Vecteurs retroviraux pour le traitement des tumeurs, et lignees cellulaires les contenant |
-
1994
- 1994-08-25 FR FR9410298A patent/FR2723962B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-08-17 JP JP8507824A patent/JPH10506007A/ja active Pending
- 1995-08-17 WO PCT/FR1995/001098 patent/WO1996006176A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1995-08-17 EP EP95927796A patent/EP0777736A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-17 US US08/793,518 patent/US6004803A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0494776A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-11 | 1992-07-15 | University Of Edinburgh | Méthode d'altération de l'état métabolique de cellules ne se divisant pas et animaux transgéniques obtenus |
| WO1994013824A1 (fr) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-06-23 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie (Paris Vi) | Vecteurs retroviraux pour le traitement des tumeurs, et lignees cellulaires les contenant |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SALOMON, B. ET AL.: "A truncated Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase phosphorylates thymidine and nucleoside analogs and does not cause sterility in transgenic mice", MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 15, no. 10, pages 5322 - 5328 * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2746016A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-19 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa | Combinaisons d'enzymes pour la destruction de cellules proliferatives |
| WO1997035024A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-25 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Combinaisons d'enzymes pour la destruction des cellules proliferatives |
| US6518062B1 (en) | 1996-03-15 | 2003-02-11 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Enzyme combinations for destroying proliferative cells |
| WO1999019466A3 (fr) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-07-08 | Darwin Molecular Corp | Mutants et proteines de fusion de thymidine kinase presentant des activites de thymidine kinase et de guanylate kinase |
| US7888091B2 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2011-02-15 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Fusion proteins having thymidine kinase and guanylate kinase activities |
| US7888114B2 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2011-02-15 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Nucleic acids encoding fusion proteins having thymidine kinase and guanylate kinase activities |
| US8163528B2 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2012-04-24 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Nucleic acid molecules encoding thymidine kinase fusion proteins |
| US8236541B2 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2012-08-07 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Thymidine kinase mutants and fusion proteins having thymidine kinase and guanylate kinase activities |
| AU773542B2 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2004-05-27 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma, The | Glycosulfopeptides and methods of synthesis and use thereof |
| EP1914304A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-14 | 2008-04-23 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Mutants de kinase de thymidine et protéines de fusion ayant de la kinase de thymidine et activités de kinase de guanylate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10506007A (ja) | 1998-06-16 |
| US6004803A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
| FR2723962A1 (fr) | 1996-03-01 |
| FR2723962B1 (fr) | 1996-10-31 |
| EP0777736A1 (fr) | 1997-06-11 |
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