[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1994025167A1 - Procede et installation de traitement de piles - Google Patents

Procede et installation de traitement de piles Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994025167A1
WO1994025167A1 PCT/NL1994/000092 NL9400092W WO9425167A1 WO 1994025167 A1 WO1994025167 A1 WO 1994025167A1 NL 9400092 W NL9400092 W NL 9400092W WO 9425167 A1 WO9425167 A1 WO 9425167A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
batteries
plastic
impact
battery
subjected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL1994/000092
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Albertus Kamphuis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leto Recycling BV
Original Assignee
Leto Recycling BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leto Recycling BV filed Critical Leto Recycling BV
Publication of WO1994025167A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994025167A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/52—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries, e.g. recycling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C19/186—Use of cold or heat for disintegrating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the pre ⁇ amble of Claim 1.
  • ⁇ method for separating batteries is disclosed in the "Status of the World's First Commercial Battery Process for Unsorted Household Bat ⁇ teries" presented at "The Third International Seminar on Battery Waste Management” on 6 November 1991 in the “Ocean Resort Hotel and Conference Center” in Deerfield Beach, Florida, USA.
  • This publication points to the problem of removal of the plastic casing from batteries before the latter are subjected to a wet chemical treatment. This applies particularly to batteries which are very environ ⁇ mentally unfriendly, such as nickel/cadmium batteries.
  • batteries having a casing are subjected to appreciable impact energy for comminution. Both the plastic casing and the battery are crushed as a result. The various operations are found to proceed in an optimum manner at relatively low temperatures. With this procedure a mixture of plastic chips and pulverised battery material is produced.
  • the plastic must be separated from the battery material in a step following comminution. Because the battery material is present in powder form, a separation treatment of this type is relatively complex and the plastic fraction obtained will always be contaminated to some extent. Consequently, it is not easily possible to re-use this plastic and it is necessary to subject it to highly complex treatments before it can be disposed of.
  • the aim of the present invention is so to improve the method described above that a plastic product is obtained which can be employed for re-use straight away.
  • cool ⁇ ing is carried out down to at least -100 C C.
  • Both the cooling temperature and the duration of cooling depend on the type of battery, the casing and the plastic used for the casing. It has been found that grinding and similar treatments are not suitable for the removal of the plastic casing because with these treatments breakage of the battery takes place, with all of the consequences described above.
  • the impact treatment comprises accelerating the battery with subsequent impingement against a stationary part. Said accel ⁇ eration can optionally be carried out in two directions. That is to say initially acceleration takes place in, for example, the vertical direction, after which acceleration in the horizontal direction takes place because the battery meets, for example, a rotating object.
  • the battery is then decelerated against a stationary wall and can then drop down again. In this way the battery is subjected to an impact treatment on all sides, so that it is guaranteed that the plastic casing will break at a sufficient number of locations so that the battery simply drops out of the casing.
  • the oper ⁇ ation described above replaces simply letting the battery drop from the height described above, which is between 5 and 20 metres.
  • a large number of batteries can simultaneously be sub ⁇ jected to an impact treatment.
  • the tangential speed of the batteries is between 15 and 35 m/s and more particularly between 20 and 30 m/s. If the radial speed which a battery acquires as a result of the rotary device described above is added thereto, the impact energy supplied is between 100 and 600 J/kg.
  • the mixture of pieces of plastic casing and batteries is subjected to a treat ⁇ ment for separation of plastic and batteries. If the batteries contain ferromagnetic components, such a separation can be carried out in a par- ticularly simple manner using magnetic means.
  • an additional cooling step is employed according to a further advantageous embodiment. Because the batteries are at a relatively low temperature following the first cooling step, it takes comparatively little energy to cool the batteries again so that they become more brittle and the metal shell will break easily.
  • the invention also relates to an installation according to Claim 7.
  • the cooling means comprise a bath of liquid nitrogen, but it is readily conceivable to use any other coolant, depending on the various process parameters.
  • the impact means preferably comprise a rotating rotor provided with scoops which are located in the vicinity of the periphery and extend to some distance away from the centre of the rotor, the batteries being fed to the centre of the rotating rotor by dropping.
  • the batteries, with the casings are subjected to an initial impact, whilst during acceleration in the radial direction they will impinge on a wall installed around the rotary device and undergo a second impact at a different point on the casing, which second impact produces the effect according to the invention.
  • the separating means preferably comprise conveyor means provided with magnetic means.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in partial cross-section, an example of a battery to be treated using the method and installation according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows, diagrammatically, the installation according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows in more detail the impact device shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 1 indicates a battery.
  • Said battery comprises a num ⁇ ber of nickel/cadmium cells, indicated by 2, which are stacked in series. Said cells are held together by a plastic casing.
  • Fig, 2 shows the installation according to the invention for separating such a plastic casing from the cells 2.
  • Said installation is indicated in its entirety by 4.
  • batteries packed as chemical waste are supplied and sorted into batteries which give problems, i.e. batteries which have to be sub ⁇ jected to further chemical treatment and from which the plastic casing has to be removed.
  • Batteries of this type and/or cells which have to be sub ⁇ jected to a further treatment are placed on a feed conveyor 5 and moved over separating sieve 6.
  • Separating sieve 6 is constructed in such a way that cells which do not have a casing fall through and can be removed via the discharge conveyors 7 and 8.
  • the larger battery packs encased in plas ⁇ tic are not able to fall through the sieve and are fed to cooling bath 10 with the aid of feed conveyor 9.
  • Said cooling bath 10 is filled with liquid nitrogen and provided with a cover 11 to recover the evaporating nitrogen as far as possible and to restrict evaporation as far as possible.
  • a feed conveyor 27 is present within said cover. By adjusting the speed at which said feed conveyor moves and the length of the liquid bath 10, it is pos- sible to determine the residence time of the batteries in the bath and, thus, the cooling.
  • the batteries pass from conveyor 27 into drop towers 12.
  • the latter comprise an inlet or constriction 13 at which the batteries are subjected to an initial impact. The batteries then impinge on the rotor 26 of impact device 14.
  • the batteries are propelled outwards by the rotor 26 and impinge on the wall 15 of the impact tower and then drop down onto discharge conveyor 16. To this end there is sufficient space available between the rotor and the wall to prevent the batteries coming back onto the rotor. It has been found that, as a result of said impact treatments, on the one hand the batteries do not themselves burst open but, on the other hand, the plastic casing, which has become brittle as a result of subjection to a low temperature, does break open and separates from the batteries. With the aid of conveyor 16, the batteries, together with the plastic which has become detached, are transferred to sorting conveyor 28, above which a magnetic belt 17 moves.
  • Said magnetic belt 17 attracts the batteries, but has no effect on the plastic, which falls into plastic col ⁇ lector 18 at the end of sorting conveyor 28. Parts adhering to magnetic belt 17 are separated therefrom and fall onto conveyor 19 for subsequent removal to conveyor 8.
  • Said conveyor 8 issues into a further nitrogen bath 21, which likewise contains liquid nitrogen. Said bath is enclosed within a cover 22. Gas originating from nitrogen which vaporises in liquid bath 10 is fed via pipe 20 to the interior of cover 22. The liquid bath contains a feed conveyor 23. The batteries from which the plastic has been removed and the batteries which had no plastic at all are fed through this bath to further cool and embrittle them, so that the grinding treatment which takes place with the aid of hammer 24 can be carried out more effectively.
  • the mixture of battery shell and battery contents is then fed via discharge 25 to a wet chemical treatment process, which is not shown in more detail and with respect to which reference is made to Dutch Patent Application 9001825 or the abovementioned publication "Status of the World's First Commercial Battery Process for Unsorted Household Batteries” dated 6.11.1991.
  • Fig. 3 shows the impact device according to the invention in more detail.
  • Said device comprises a motor 29 to which a rotor 26, provided with scoops 30, is fitted.
  • the batteries which fall into the centre of the rotating rotor will be propelled outwards, the scoops 30 generating an additional steering movement and the batteries being propelled against the wall 15 of the drop tower.
  • the method described above is particularly suitable for nickel/cadmium batteries, but it will be understood that any type of bat ⁇ tery provided with a plastic or rubbery casing or other material that becomes brittle at low temperature can be used. If the battery contains no ferromagnetic material, the separation of plastic and the remainder of the battery will be carried out using separation means other than the magnetic belt 17 shown here. For example, separation on the basis of weight is poss ⁇ ible. In the illustrative embodiment shown here liquid nitrogen is used as coolant. Firstly, it is possible to achieve cooling in another way, whilst, moreover, a different coolant can be used. Tests have shown that the speed of rotation of the rotor is important for effective separation of battery and plastic casing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et installation de traitement de piles. Ces piles peuvent être munies d'une enveloppe en matière plastique. Selon l'invention, on propose, afin de séparer l'enveloppe plastique et les piles, de refroidir tout d'abord les piles ainsi que l'enveloppe, après quoi on les soumet à un traitement par impact régulé. En se refroidissant, l'enveloppe devient cassante, et en subissant le traitement par impact, la pile se détache de l'enveloppe. Les piles et les parties en matière plastique sont soumises à un traitement de séparation, et les piles libérées sont broyées puis traitées.
PCT/NL1994/000092 1993-04-28 1994-04-28 Procede et installation de traitement de piles Ceased WO1994025167A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9300725 1993-04-28
NL9300725A NL9300725A (nl) 1993-04-28 1993-04-28 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verwerken van batterijen.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994025167A1 true WO1994025167A1 (fr) 1994-11-10

Family

ID=19862340

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL1994/000092 Ceased WO1994025167A1 (fr) 1993-04-28 1994-04-28 Procede et installation de traitement de piles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NL (1) NL9300725A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994025167A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0794587A3 (fr) * 1996-03-05 1998-04-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour récupérer d'éléments d'une batterie étanche
EP0854530A1 (fr) * 1996-12-24 1998-07-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour récupérer les composants d'une batterie
JP3137286B2 (ja) 1996-03-05 2001-02-19 キヤノン株式会社 密閉型電池部材の回収方法及び回収装置
US6524737B1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2003-02-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for crushing cell
EP2182569A1 (fr) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-05 UNI-CYC Technologieberatung, Projektentwicklungs- und Vertriebs-GmbH Procédé et appareil pour le recyclage d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique
US9620790B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-04-11 Energizer Brands, Llc Method for dismantling a battery cell using fluid jets
JP2020151614A (ja) * 2019-03-18 2020-09-24 株式会社日立製作所 装置を分解する装置及び方法
CN115532771A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-30 唐维英 一种具有塑料垃圾分离功能的环保用废电池回收装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879005A (en) * 1954-12-29 1959-03-24 Melvin Sobel Method of refining scrap plastic and apparatus therefor
FR2122206A5 (fr) * 1971-01-15 1972-08-25 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag
FR2238533A2 (en) * 1973-07-25 1975-02-21 Air Liquide Particle size redn. unit has profiled blades - corresp. to natural trajectory giving high efficiency with little wear
US4020992A (en) * 1975-11-20 1977-05-03 Aluminum Company Of America Separation of joined plastic and metal components
JPS5730273A (en) * 1980-07-29 1982-02-18 Dowa Mining Co Ltd Disposal of button type waste battery
DE4020227A1 (de) * 1990-06-26 1992-01-02 Celi Antonio Maria Dipl Ing Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufarbeitung verbrauchter geraetebatterien
EP0501495A1 (fr) * 1991-03-01 1992-09-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Appareil de refroidissement de produits en morceaux ou granulaires
CH681401A5 (en) * 1990-08-01 1993-03-15 Xatofim Ag Working up spent batteries and accumulators - by cooling in liquid gas, comminuting, magnetic separating, wind sieving, and electrolytic separating

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879005A (en) * 1954-12-29 1959-03-24 Melvin Sobel Method of refining scrap plastic and apparatus therefor
FR2122206A5 (fr) * 1971-01-15 1972-08-25 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag
FR2238533A2 (en) * 1973-07-25 1975-02-21 Air Liquide Particle size redn. unit has profiled blades - corresp. to natural trajectory giving high efficiency with little wear
US4020992A (en) * 1975-11-20 1977-05-03 Aluminum Company Of America Separation of joined plastic and metal components
JPS5730273A (en) * 1980-07-29 1982-02-18 Dowa Mining Co Ltd Disposal of button type waste battery
DE4020227A1 (de) * 1990-06-26 1992-01-02 Celi Antonio Maria Dipl Ing Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufarbeitung verbrauchter geraetebatterien
CH681401A5 (en) * 1990-08-01 1993-03-15 Xatofim Ag Working up spent batteries and accumulators - by cooling in liquid gas, comminuting, magnetic separating, wind sieving, and electrolytic separating
EP0501495A1 (fr) * 1991-03-01 1992-09-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Appareil de refroidissement de produits en morceaux ou granulaires

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 6, no. 95 (E - 110) 3 June 1982 (1982-06-03) *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0794587A3 (fr) * 1996-03-05 1998-04-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour récupérer d'éléments d'une batterie étanche
JP3137286B2 (ja) 1996-03-05 2001-02-19 キヤノン株式会社 密閉型電池部材の回収方法及び回収装置
US6329096B2 (en) 1996-03-05 2001-12-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process and apparatus for recovering components of sealed type battery
EP1408575A2 (fr) 1996-03-05 2004-04-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour récupérer d'éléments d'une batterie étanche
EP1408575A3 (fr) * 1996-03-05 2008-01-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour récupérer d'éléments d'une batterie étanche
EP0854530A1 (fr) * 1996-12-24 1998-07-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et appareil pour récupérer les composants d'une batterie
US6524737B1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2003-02-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for crushing cell
EP2182569A1 (fr) * 2008-10-29 2010-05-05 UNI-CYC Technologieberatung, Projektentwicklungs- und Vertriebs-GmbH Procédé et appareil pour le recyclage d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique
US9620790B2 (en) 2013-10-28 2017-04-11 Energizer Brands, Llc Method for dismantling a battery cell using fluid jets
JP2020151614A (ja) * 2019-03-18 2020-09-24 株式会社日立製作所 装置を分解する装置及び方法
JP7287805B2 (ja) 2019-03-18 2023-06-06 株式会社日立製作所 装置を分解する装置及び方法
CN115532771A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-30 唐维英 一种具有塑料垃圾分离功能的环保用废电池回收装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL9300725A (nl) 1994-11-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4342647A (en) Treatment of scrap
US7445170B2 (en) Process and apparatus for manufacturing crumb and powder rubber
JP2002186952A (ja) 合わせガラスをガラス片と中間膜片とに分離して回収する装置
EP4197043A1 (fr) Procédé, appareil et système de recyclage de batterie au lithium-ion
WO1994025167A1 (fr) Procede et installation de traitement de piles
JPH06205993A (ja) 金属触媒担体の選別方法とその装置
CN109046720A (zh) 一种废旧锂电池冷冻破碎及金属分选的成套装置和方法
KR20110042179A (ko) 타이어들을 위한 미가황 고무 처리된 스틸 코드 재료를 분리하는 방법
JPWO2012131906A1 (ja) 廃電子機器から有価金属を回収する方法
US3716947A (en) Abrasive blast cleaning system
JP4210531B2 (ja) 金属類廃棄物の処理設備
US6976646B2 (en) Method and apparatus for grinding rubber
RU2751665C2 (ru) Дробилка ударного действия
JP2016538129A (ja) 廃原材料再利用処理装置
JP2012020239A (ja) 廃タイヤ等の固形塊状物の粒状化方法及び粒状化装置
JP2001104928A (ja) 合わせガラスよりガラスと中間膜とに分離回収する装置
JP3684322B2 (ja) 発泡断熱材の発泡ガス回収方法
US5849062A (en) Method for recovering metallic materials of gas generator for air bag
US4442582A (en) Method of reclaiming component materials
JP2742670B2 (ja) 使用済みスチール缶の処理方法
JP4031609B2 (ja) 廃棄プラスチックのリサイクル方法
EP0370762B1 (fr) Méthode de nettoyage d'une turbine de génération de puissance installée dans une centrale nucléaire
KR101815491B1 (ko) 알루미늄 캔 재활용 시스템
KR100898737B1 (ko) 폐 알루미늄캔을 이용한 합금용 알루미늄 칩 제조 시스템
KR100423204B1 (ko) 복합물 분리기술을 이용한 폐자원으로 부터의 자원 재생방법

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CA JP NO US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA