WO1994015080A1

WO1994015080A1 - An alternative engine with internal combustion, and with rotating distribution and/or exploitation of the air reserve in the carter

Info

Publication number: WO1994015080A1
Application number: PCT/IT1992/000167
Authority: WO
Inventors: Antonio Bernardini
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1992-12-22
Filing date: 1992-12-22
Publication date: 1994-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 1995-06-22
Also published as: AU3366393A

Abstract

The alternative engine with internal combustion comprises in a coupled version, or applied single: a rotating distribution on the head, with two shafts that replace the cam-shafts, the mushroom-valves and the whole spring-staging, small glasses and further elements; an exploitation of the air reserve in the carter, with an integrated accumulation lung that determines the increase of the efficiency and of the performances with equal piston displacement and without over-feeding.

Description

"AN ALTERNATIVE ENGINE WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION, AND WITH ROTATING DISTRIBUTION AND/OR EXPLOITATION OF THE AIR RESERVE IN THE CARTER"

The present invention concerns an alternative engine with internal combustion, comprising a rotating distribution and/or exploitation of the air reserve in the carter, with an integrated accumulation lung.

It is already well known that in the actual engines with internal combustion the distribution comprises cam¬ shafts, mushrooms-valves, spring-stagings, small glasses and further elements that make said distribution complex and absorbing the power produced by the engine. It is already known that the efficiency of the engines may be increased by means of delicate and expensive devices for over-feeding.

It is the aim of the present invention to realize an alternative engine with internal combustion, comprising means that replace the conventional distribution and characterized in high performance with respect to known engines, tfith the same piston displacement and without over-feeding. The aim set forth is obtained by means of an alternative engine with internal combustion according to the present invention, comprising:

- rotating distribution on the head with two shafts that replace all emements of the known systems;

- an integrated accumulation lung that exploits the air reserve in the carter without over-feeding.

Above mentioned elements according to the present invention may be preferably coupled for the realization of one single engine or, in possible variants, they may be applied single, keeping all other conventional solutions.

For what concerns the rotating distribution, the intake and the discharge of the engine according to the present invention occur by means of cylinders on which appropriate radial openings (slits or lights) have been performed for the passage of the air-petrol mixing and of the exhaust gases. Said cylinders rotate at a speed that is 1/4 the speed of the drive shaft, as said openings are connecting the cylinder-connector and the discharge-cylinder each 180°, and as the distribution takes place each two revolutions of the drive shaft, it is important that the speed be cut into halves with respect to the conventional cam-shaft that performes one revolution each two of the drive shaft. This new system for f eeding and discharge shows advantages , because it does not absorbe the 15-20 % of power requested by the conventional system and because the flow of air-petrol mixture doesn ' t meet obstacles - as there are no valves - in its inlet into the cylinder, and therefore the volumetric efficiency of the engine is higher.

A similar situation is shown for the progressive outflow of the exhaust gases .

Furthermore , the particular crossing between the rotating light and the two fix openings creates a fan- shaped distribution with considerale turbulences inside the combustion chamber , that increase the combustion process and speed.

The main advantages of the kind of engine according to the present invention, with respect to a conventional engine with equal piston displacement , are those of obtaining a power increase of about 25-30% with the same consumption , or of a lowering of the cosumption by the same percentage with the same supplied power.

Furthermore , the engine according to the present invention has its revolution limits only in the connection rods and in the drive shaft as there are not, as already mentioned, valves or any command in alternate motion, and this is extremely advantageous especially in sports cars, where the revolution regimens are as high as possible.

Above mentioned kind of distribution may furthermore be realized, for what concerns the intake, in the various manners listed hereibelow:

A) with a lateral inlet in a hollow shaft with a light for the passage of the mixture and therefore rotating with a speed equal to half the engine speed, with the same discharge in a plurality of lights;

B) with a lateral inlet in a hollow shaft with two lights for the passage of the mixture and rotating at 1/4 the speed of the engine and the same discharge in a plurality of lights.

The feeding may be for carburetors or injection or of any other kind.

The holding of the pressure during the combustion phase is given, beyond the segment-bands provided onto the shaft or outside the same, also by the oil present between the shaft and the seat that transmits eventual leaking pressures to an oil reservoir that is connected with all openings and that is constantly under pressure. The principle of the distribution according to the present invention may be obtained also by means of translating or rotating elements; the exemplification seems to be more complicated than the one shown in the enclosed figures but prooves to be easily understandable and represents a variant of the present patent application.

The revolution of the distribution shafts takes place connecting them to the drive shaft by means of belts or gearing falls, with a final speed relationship of 1/4. They are moving at a constant speed.

For what concerns the increase of the efficiency and of the performances, the present invention provides the possibility of increasing the air aspired into the cylinders, without applying to any form of over-feeding, but exploiting the inherent features of the engine according to the project and realization techniques adopted.

The most relevant advantages obtained by this latter feature are mainly the following: an air enrichment of the combustion mixture without over-feeding elements; an integration of the principles typical for a 4- stroke and a 2-stroke engine; a lowering of the polluting levels of the exhaust gases due to a combustion with more air; - otainment of high powers with the same piston displacement without over-feeding; an air accumulation with pouring off of the carter into any container or lung.

The present invention will be explained more in detail hereinbelow according to the enclosed drawings in which some embodiments are shown.

Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 show a scheme of the following different phases of an alterative engine with internal combustion, with rotating distribution and exploitation of the air reserve inside the carter: figure 1 the beginning of each cycle, end of compression, beginning of combustion and expansion; figure 2 intermediate combustion and expansion; figure 3 end of combustion ad expansion - beginning of discharge; figure 4 intermediate discharge; figure 5 end of discharge - beginning of intake; figure 6 intermediate intake; figure 7 end of intake - beginning of compresion; figure 8 intermediate compression. Figure 9 shows a plant and a front view of a variant of a shaft with four segmet-bands ST for holding the pressure.

Figures 10 and 11 show the variants for the transmission at variable speed with eccentrical gearings connected two by two and in the shape of a Cross of Malta for a rotatory, release motion.

Figure 12 shows a distribution diagram.

Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the different working phases of an alternative engine with interal combustion that has, at the same time, a rotating distribution and the exploitation of the air reserve in the carter, with an integrated accumulation lung, comprising the following elements:

- a piston P;

- a carter C;

- a connection rod B;

- a driving shaft AM;

- an intake duct CA;

- a discharge duct CS;

- a rotating intake valve VRA;

- a rotating discharge valve VRS;

- holding segments ST;

- a blade intake valve VLA; - a blade pouring off valve VLT;

- a rotating pouring off valve VRT;

- pouring off ducts CT;

- an air accumulation lung PL.

Relating now to he details of the enclosed figures the phases of a so-called "EIGHT"-cycle are shown, starting from the combustion.

END OF COMPRESSION - BEGINNING OF COMBUSTION AND EXPANSION according to figure 1.

- The piston P is at the upper dead point;

- the sparking-plug generates the spark and the air- petrol mixture burns;

- the rotating intake valve VRA closes the intake ducts;

- the rotating discharge valve VRS closes the discharge ducts;

- the rotating pouring off valve VRT closes the pouring off ducts CT;

- the blade intake valve VLA is closed;

- the blade pouring off blade VLT is closed;

- air is inside the carter C.

INTERMEDIATE COMBUSTION AND EXPANSION according to figure 2.

- The piston P is at half descending run, pushed by the combustion; - the rotating intake valve VRA has performed a 1/4 revolution with respect to the drive shaft and still keeps the ducts CA closed;

- the same situation for the discharge valve VRS;

- the blade valve VLA is closed;

- the blade valve VLT is open due to the pressure of the descending piston; the air in the carter C pours off into the lung PL;

- the rotating pouring off valve VRT still closes the ducts.

END OF COMBUSTION AND EXPANSION - BEGINNING OF DISCHARGE according to figure 3.

- The piston P is at the lower dead point: the discharge phase begins;

- the intake valve VRA continues rotating and closing the intake ducts CA;

- the discharge valve VRS begins its opening, opening the ducts CS; the rotating pouring off valve VRT rotates and continues keeping the pouring off ducts closed;

- the blade valve VLA is closed;

- the blade valve VLT is closed.

INTERMEDIATE DISCHARGE according to figure 4.

- The piston P is on half ascending run; - the rotating intake valve VRA still closes the ducts CA;

- the rotating discharge valve VRS is in full opening: the exhaust gases flow out;

- the rotating pouring off valve still closes the pouring off ducts CT;

- the blade intake valve VLA is open due to the depression created by the rising piston P: air is entering into the carter C;

- the blade pouring off valve VLT is closed.

END OF DISCHARGE - BEGINNING OF INTAKE according to figure 5.

- The piston P is at the upper dead point;

- the rotating intake valve VRA begins its opening;

- the rotating discharge valve VRS is closed;

- the rotating pouring off valve VRT still closes the pouring off ducts CT;

- the blade valve VLA is closed;

- the blade valve VLT is closed;

- fresh air is inside the carter C.

INTERMEDIATE INTAKE according to figure 6.

- The piston P is at half descending run;

- the rotating intake valve VRA is at its maximum opening;

- the rotating discharge valve VRS is closed; - the rotating pouring off valve VRT is begining its opening phase;

- the blade intake valve VLA is closed;

- the blade pouring off valve VLT is open due to the pressure created by the descending piston P: the air inside the carter C pours off into the lung PL that has now stored two air volumes.

END OF INTAKE - BEGINNING OF COMPRESSION according to figure 7.

The piston P is at the lower dead point;

- the rotating intake valve VRA is closed; the rotating discharge valve VRS is closed;

- the rotating pouring of valve VRT is fully open and leads into the cylinder the two air volumes previously accumulated in lung PL (fig. 2 - fig. 6); the blade intake valve VLA is closed; the blade pouring off valve VLT is closed.

INTERMEDIATE COMPRESSION according to figure 8.

- The piston P is at half ascending run; the rotating intake valve VRA is closed; the rotating discharge valve VRS is closed;

- the rotating valve VRT is closed;

- the blade intake valve VLA is open due to the effect of the depression created by the ascending piston P; air enters into the carter C; - the blade pouring off valve VLT is closed; a first air volume enters into the carter C.

BEGINNING OF A NEW CYCLE - FIGURE 1.

According to possible variants of the present invention, shown in a scheme in figure 10, transmissions may be also performed that origin a rotatory motion with variable speed, i.e. with higher speed at the moment of opening and closing of the lights and with lower speed at the moment of maximum opening and closing of the same.

This may be obtained by means of two eccentrical gearings connected two by two with a final relationship of 1/4.

Furthermore, a rotatory, release motion of the shafts may be obtained making use of a Cross of Malta as shown in figure 11, of the kind with eight or with four points, that allow extremely quick opening and closing phases and keep the shafts still in the maximum opening for the time provided by the distribution diagram.

For what concerns the determination of the openings for the passage A-S (intake-discharge), in the enclosed scheme of figure 12 it is shown that, once the degrees of the distribution have been determined (e.g. 280°), while on a conventional cam shaft they are 140°, on the shaft according to the new distribution they are 70°, as it is necessary to devide by two as the rotation speed is 1/4 the speed of the drive shaft.

These 70° shall be devided still by two (70°/2=35°), because the movable openings of the shaft must be added to the fix ones. Now, according to the sections chosen for the passage of the mixture A-S, the most appropriate shaft diameter will be determined. The intersection between the circumference of the shaft and the lines provided at 35° one to the other provides the opening width.

Once the chosen section is known, it will be devided by the part obtained and the second dimension of the opening will be known.

In the enclosed figures the most appropriate realization solutions have been shown for obtaining an easy and compact engine according to the principles of the present invention, but obviously, in possible variants, the functions of the valves VLA, VLT, VRT may be obtained by means of other solutions, like cams with mushroom-valves or plate valves or similar, without leaving the limits of the present invention. The inflow of air into the lung PL each two phases directly into the intake duct CS (inverted with duct CS) may be provided, through a valve VRT.

Therefore, in the intake phase the air may enter the cylinder in three different manners: as described in above specification; as above described in a variant, wherein two air volumes enter the cylinder; as in above mentioned case but with a further intake from CA and from the outside, inserting upstream a blade anti-return valve.

Claims

1. An alternative engine with internal combustion, with rotating distribution and exploitation of the air reserve in the carter, with an integrated accumulation lung, characterized in the distribution with a shaft rotating at 1/4 the speed of the engine and in openings that show up each two revolutions of the drive shaft, and characterized in the integration of the principles of the 4-stroke and of the 2-stroke engines, with an air accumulation with pouring off from a carter into a container or into a lung.

2. An alternative engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake and the discharge take place by means of valves VRA and VRS onto which radial openings are performed for the passage of the air-petrol mixture and of the exhaust gases, whereby said valves rotate at a 1/4 the speed of the drive shaft.

3. An alternative engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution consists in the intake with lateral inlet in a hollow shaft with a light for the passage of the mixture and therefore rotating at half the speed of the engine, with equal discharge in a plurality of lights.

4. An alternative engine according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the distribution in intake is obtained with the lateral inlet in a hollow shaft with two lights for the passage of the mixture and rotating at 1/4 the speed of the engine, with the discharge in a plurality of lights.

5. An alternative engine according to the precedent claims, characterized in that the holding of the pressure during the combustion phase is determined, beyond the segment-bands (ST) placed onto the driving shaft (AM) or outside the same, also by the oil present between said shaft (AM) and the seat that transmits eventual leaking pressures into an oil reservoir that is connected with all openings and that is constantly under pressure.

6. An alternative engine according to claim 1, characterized in transmissions with eccentrical gearings connected two by two, with a final relationship of 1/4, and which cause rotatory motions at variable speeds - higher at the moment of opening and closing of the lights and lower at the moment of maximum opening.

7. An alternative engine according to claim 1, characterized in transmissions having the shape of a Cross of Malta, for obtaining a rotatory, release motion of the shafts so as to allow extremely quick opening and closing phases, and to keep the shafts still in the maximum opening for the time provided by the distribution diagram.

8. An alternative engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings for the passage of the mixture are determined according to the shaft's diameter and to the chosen distribution programme.

9. An alternative engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding is performed by means of a single rotating duct.

10. An alternative engine according to claim 1, characterized in an air inflow into a lung (PL) each two phases, directly into the intake duct (CA), inverted with the (CS), by means of a rotating pouring off valve (VRT) .