WO1993023122A1

WO1993023122A1 - Composite baseball bat

Info

Publication number: WO1993023122A1
Application number: PCT/US1993/004594
Authority: WO
Inventors: Charles S. Baum
Original assignee: Baum Research and Development Co Inc
Current assignee: Baum Research and Development Co Inc
Priority date: 1992-05-14
Filing date: 1993-05-14
Publication date: 1993-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 1994-11-14

Abstract

A baseball bat (10) or the like comprises a tube (12) formed with an outer layer of wood veneer (22) covering a layer of fiber reinforced resin (24), with the tube layers being impregnated with and bonded to one another with a cured resin. The ends of the tube (12) are closed off with caps (14, 16) adhered to the tube by cured resin. The tube (12) may be hollow or may have a foam plastic core (28) with sufficient resiliency to allow the tube (12) to resiliently deform during impact with a baseball. The tube (12) is formed by molding over a tubular mandrel (60) which may constitute the foam core or, alternatively, the forming mandrel may be removed after the resin is cured and the resulting cavity filled with foam plastic.

Description

COMPOSITE BASEBALL BAT

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to baseball bats or the like comprising a cylindrical tube of wood veneer overlying a fiber reinforced resin layer, with the resin impregnating and bonding together the two layers, and to methods of forming such devices.

Background of the Invention

My U.S. patent application Serial No. 518,782 discloses a baseball bat or the like formed of a tube having an outer layer of wood veneer overlying an inner layer of fiber reinforced resin, with the two layers being impregnated with and bonded together with cured resin. Such bats have the desirable aesthetic appearance of solid wood bats, are much less susceptible to breakage in use than solid wood bats and can be designed to emulate the performance of either solid wood bats or exceed the performance of the livelier aluminum bats with larger sweet-spots. The present invention is directed toward improved versions of such bats and to methods of making the bats. Summary of the Invention

The present invention is directed to articles such as bats, drum sticks, furniture legs or the like, formed of cylindrical tubes. The preferred embodiment of the present invention takes the form of a baseball bat which tapers from a relatively narrow handle section into a larger diameter, bulbous, barrel section. The outer layer of the bat consists of one or more sheets of thin wood veneer. A single veneer sheet may be employed in which case the grain of the sheet is preferably arrayed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bat. If a plurality of veneer sheets are used their grains are preferably crossed relative to one another.

The wood veneer layer is formed by cutting a pair of longitudinally extending sections of appropriately varying width, imprinting at least one of the sections with a logo, and pre-shaping the sections the into semi- cylindrical configuration by soaking them with solvent and then shaping them in dies while a solvent is driven off by heat.

The wood veneer layer formed of these two preshaped sections overlies and is adhered to a tubular layer formed of multiple sheets of resin-rein.forced, high tensile strength fiber fabric such as glass, carbon, ceramic or Kevlar. The fiber orientations of the multiple layers are angled relative to one another. The fiber sheets may be knitted or woven and are preferably formed as a tubular sock by edge seaming two longitudinally aligned sections.- A pair of the socks, with their seams displaced by 90° relative to one another are arrayed over a shaped form which may either constitute a mandril to be later removed or a permanent foam core for the bat. The fiber fabric is then coated with resin in liquid form, or preimpregnated fabric may be used, and the two veneer sections are positioned over the fabric. The resin is then cured while the veneer is pressed against the fiber layer either by means of a vacuum bag or matched dies. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, employing a removal mandrel as a form, curing is accelerated by heating the formed composite at a suitable curing temperature for the resin. When the composite is formed over the foam plastic core the curing temperature must be limited to prevent damage to the core. After curing over a mandrel, the mandrel is removed, a preformed knob end is fitted over the open handle end of the tube, a preformed fiberglass cap is fitted over the barrel end, and both are adhered to the tube with resin. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a self-foaming plastic resin compound, preferably a urethane, is injected into the tube through a small hole in one of the bat ends. The two components of the resin react within the tube, filling the tube with a foamed core. Preferably, the volume of urethane components injected is varied along the length of the tube to create a higher density foam at the barrel end than at the handle end, shifting the center of gravity of the bat toward the barrel end. ^• Alternatively, the tube may be closed off at the handle end and the barrel end without filling it with foam to provide a hollow bat. When the resin impregnated outer tubes are cured directly over a foamed core, the handle end is fitted with a preformed knob and the barrel end with a preformed cap.

In the embodiments of the bat with foamed cores, the density of the foam is limited so that when the bat impacts a pitched ball, the tubular outer layers deform inwardly, locally compacting the core. The same localized deformation occurs with a hollow core bat formed in accordance with the present invention, but the hollow core bat also undergoes a larger hoop, radial distortion. By appropriately controlling the strength of the fiber- reinforced resin layers, the bats of the present invention may be made to completely simulate the performance of a solid wood bat or, alternatively, exceed the performance of the livelier aluminum bats with their larger sweeter spots.

Other objectives, advantages and applications, of the present invention will be made apparent by the following description of several preferred embodiments of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The description makes reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective, exploded, partially broken-away view of a bat, representing a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 2 is a sectional view through the bat of FIGURE 1 taken along line 2-2 of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a sectional view through an alternative embodiment of the bat having a hollow core; FIGURE 4 is a partial, longitudinal cross- sectional view through the handle end of the bat of FIGURES 1 and 2, illustrating the handle and cap;

FIGURE 5 is a partial longitudinal cross- sectional view through the barrel end of the bat of FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrating the barrel end cap;

FIGURE 6 is a side view of a section of wood veneer, cut to form one of the two sections used to cover the outer surface of the bat of the preferred invention and imprinted with the logo required on the finished bat; FIGURE 7 is a perspective view of a veneer section after it has been preshaped for use in forming the bat of the present invention;

FIGURE 8 is a view of multiple ply, knitted high tensile fiber fabric sheets cut to form a sock for use in forming the bat of the present invention;

FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of a multi-ply, high tensile fiber fabric sock formed by sewing together two stacks of cut fabric sheets, for use in forming the bat of the present invention; FIGURE 10 is a sectional view through a resin- impregnated tube of wood veneer overlying a fiber sock, within the female dies used to form bats of the present invention; and - FIGURE 11 is a sectional view of a cured bat tube formed in accordance with the present invention, with a knob fitted at the handle end, in the process of having self-foaming, liquid resin components being injected into the tube to form a foam plastic core by a foam-in-place technique.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment

While the present invention is not limited to baseball bats, and extends to similar articles such as drum sticks, furniture legs and the like, a bat constituting a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The bat, generally indicated at 10 in exploded form, consists of a tubular section 12, a handle knob generally indicated at 14 and a barrel cap generally indicated at 16. The tube 12 has an outer configuration and dimensions like those of conventional prior art bats which are formed of solid wood, aluminum tubing, or fibre reinforced resin. The bat is radially symmetrical about a centerline, and tapers from a relatively narrow handle end 18 to a larger diameter, bulbous, barrel end 20.

The outer surface of the bat is covered by a structural sheath of wood veneer 22 coated and impregnated with a cured epoxy resin. The outer wood veneer sheath 22 covers the entire tube 12. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the outer sheath 22 is formed of two longitudinally array strips or "planks" of white ash veneer of approximately 1/8 to 1/16 inch thickness. The term "plank" is used because the strips vary in width longitudinally so that when they are laid in side-by-side abutment with one another they form the outer contour of the bat without overlap. The strips are preferably laid with their grains extending longitudinally along the length of the bat to provide maximum longitudinal tensile strength and impact resistance. In alternative embodiments, each plank may be formed of a plurality of thinner sheets of wood veneer with their grains preferably arranged at angles to one another. The veneer outer surface 22 overlays a tubular layer of high tensile strength, resin impregnated, fabric socks 24a, 24b. Only two socks are shown for purpose of illustration although a greater or lesser number of sheets may be used in alternative embodiments of the invention. The tube is filled with a core 28 of a resilient urethane foam, wood, or the like. As will be subsequently described in detail, the foam core may vary in density over the length of the bat, preferably with a higher density section adjacent the barrel end 20 to shift the center of gravity of the bat toward the barrel end and improve the impact strength of the barrel.

The handle end of the bat, illustrated in detail in Figure 4, is closed off by the knob 14 which includes an extending cylindrical section 30 which is of the same outer diameter as the handle end 18 and abuts the termination of the wood veneer cover 22. The handle end 14 may be formed of plastic or solid wood.

Similarly, as illustrated in detail in Figure 5, the barrel end of the tube 20 is terminated by the cap 16, preferably formed of fiber reinforced resin, which has a rounded end 32 and a tubular section 34 with an outer diameter which mates with the inner diameter of the fiber sections and is adhered thereto by resin. Alternatively, the bat may be formed with a hollow core rather than a foam plastic core 28. A cross- sectional view of this alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figure 3, generally at 40. The hollow core bat may otherwise be substantially identical to the foam core bat, although to achieve the same weighing, it is necessary to use heavier cloth socks 24a,24b. A hollow aluminum core could also underlie the resin impregnated fabric layer.

One of the planks of wood veneer used to form the bat of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 6. The veneer sheet 42 is cut from flat veneer stock by laser cutting, die cutting, router cutting, or like process so as to have the appropriate contour to cover half of a completed bat. The veneer section 42 includes a narrow, longitudinally extending handle section 44, a relatively wide barrel covering section 46 and a tapered section 48, joining the two. One of the two veneer sheets used to form the outer layer of the bat is preferably preprinted with a logo 50 while it is flat. The logo is preferably imprinted with an epoxy ink by a silk-screen process.

In the production of the bat, the plank 42 is preshaped into a semi-cylindrical configuration to create a preform generally indicated at 52 in Figure 7. To achieve this preform shape the plank 42 is saturated with a liquid- solvent such as water, alcohol or the like, is then shaped into the semi-cylindrical form in either matched dies or one die using a vacuum bag to pressure the plank 42 against the die, and the plank is heated to drive off the solvent. This process stretches the cellulose fibers of the veneer to achieve the semi-cylindrical shape 52. In alternative embodiments of the invention this preshaping step may be eliminated and the flat plank 42 may be shaped over the inner fabric layers as part of the same process that bonds the outer layer to the inner fabric.

The fabric socks 24 are preferably formed by stacking several sheets of fabric and cutting them into plank shape. A stack of three such "fabric planks" 54a,54b,54c are illustrated in Figure 8. Any number of sheets may be employed, but the preferred embodiment utilized stacks of four sheets. These fabric sheets may be woven or knitted or formed by other process.

By appropriate choice of the nature of the layers, the stiffness, strength, flexibility and elasticity of the final bat may be controlled. The preferred composition creates a bat with such properties that when the ball impacts the bat during the batter's swing the bat undergoes a localized deformation conforming to the contact area of the baseball. It is important that foam core 28 be sufficiently resilient to allow this dual deformation which aids in the transfer of the kinetic energy of the swinging bat to the baseball. In the hollow core embodiment of the bat, illustrated in Figure 3, the outer tube of the bat also elastically deforms to produce distortion of the overall cylindrical configuration of the bat as well as the more localized deformation conforming to the contact area of the ball.

After two stacks of plank shaped fiber sheets of the type illustrated in Figure 8 are created they are preferably sewn together along their longitudinal edges, preferably using a zig-zag seamer or a butt-seamer along two lines 56, to form a cylindrical sock 24, generally illustrated in Figure 9. In the preferred method of forming the bat, this sock 24 is arrayed over an appropriately shaped aluminum mandrel 60 which has been precoated with a mold release compound. A second sock is then arrayed over the first sock with its seams displaced by 90° relative to the seams of the first sock.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fabric sock which directly overlies the mandrel 60 employs inner layers formed of DuPont Kevlar, or S-2 glass fiber and three overlying layers of graphite fiber. The Kevlar layer is preferably aligned with its fibers parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bat. The first graphite layer has its fibers arrayed circumferentially, at 90° to the first layer, the third and fourth layers have their fibers arrayed at 45° to the fibers of the first two layers. The Kevlar fabric is preferably K-49 type weighing 11.6 ozs. per square yard and is 2160 denier, 41 ends per inch. The three graphite layers are of type 6K-T300 weighing 5.5 ozs. per square yard and having 12.0 ends per inch. The four layers are preferably knitted together with a thin sheet of polyester film which is marked with the required plank pattern. These five layers are then cut together to form a plank.

A second sock is preferably formed of similar materials, but with a layer of fiber glass weighing 1 oz. per square foot, with its fibers arrayed circumferentially, overlying the outermost glass layer.

The socks are sewn using Kevlar K-49 thread with 12 needles per inch. A pair of preshaped wood veneer planks 52 are then arrayed in matched female molds 62 and 64. The interior surfaces of the veneer preforms 52 are preferably coated with the liquid epoxy. The exterior, convex surfaces of the preforms 52 may or may not be coated with epoxy before their insertion in the mold 62,64. The fabric socks 24 are also thoroughly impregnated with the liquid resin and the molds are then closed over the sock coated mandrel 60 and the dies are heated to thoroughly cure the resin. The resin used preferably has a curing temperature in the vicinity of 300°F. The preferred resin composition is Reichold 37127 epoxy.

The resin may incorporate various additives such as natural rubber to improve the resiliency of the finished bat. After the resin is cured, the assembly of the wood veneer preforms 52 and the sock 24 are removed from the die 62,64 and the mandrel 60 is removed from the barrel end of the tube. To form a hollow core bat this tubular section is finished by capping the handle end with cap 14 and joining the two by epoxy resin and finishing the barrel end by the cap 16, similarly adhered to the tube by epoxy resin.

To form the preferred embodiment of the bat with its foam core 28, the handle end of the bat is finished with the cap 14, as illustrated in Figure 11 and the components of a self-foaming resin are injected into the preform through a tube 66 inserted through a small central hole in the open barrel end cap 16 which is later closed. The core is preferably a self-foaming urethane. Sufficient resin is injected to achieve a core density which may be in the range of 10-30 pounds per cubic foot. The quantity of liquid resin injected along the length of the tube may be adjusted to achieve a varying density foam. Preferably, the density of the foam at the barrel end is relatively high compared to the density adjacent the handle end to achieve a desirable end weighing.

Alternatively, the bat may be formed by using a prefinished core 60 of urethane foam or the like, formed in female aluminum split dies, instead of the mandrel 60. A weight of a high density material such as lead, may be imbedded in the barrel end of the core 60 to modify the weight distribution. The socks 24 are arrayed over the preformed foam core and impregnated with liquid resin, and the wood veneer preforms 52 are laid over the outer surface of the socks 24. The assembly is preferably cured in a vacuum bag placed within an autoclave. In this method of forming the bat the curing temperatures for the resin can be limited to avoid damage to the foam core, limiting the strength' of the finished bat and increasing the curing time.

Rather than forming the fabric layers in the form of socks which are placed over the mandrel, the fabric layers may be formed by filament winding techniques or by "pulltrusion" techniques known in the composite art.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

Claims

Claims 1. A baseball bat comprising a tube having a cylindrical outer layer of wood veneer overlying a cylindrical resin reinforced fiber layer, the fiber layer comprising a plurality of sheets of fiber fabric, the surface of the wood veneer overlying the fiber layer, and the fiber layer, being impregnated with and adhered to one another with resin.

2. A baseball bat comprising a tube tapering from a relatively small cross section handle end to a relatively large cross-sectional barrel end, the tube comprising a cylindrical outer layer of wood veneer overlying a cylindrical resin reinforced fiber layer, the fiber layer comprising a plurality of sheets of fiber fabric, the surface of the wood veneer overlying the fiber layer, and the fiber layer, being impregnated with and adhered to one another with resin.

3. The bat of claim 1 in which the grain of the outer wood veneer sheet extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bat.

4. The bat of claim 1 in which the resin constitutes an epoxy resin.

5. The bat of claim 1 in which at least certain of said fiber layers are woven. ^"

6. The bat of claim 1 in which at least certain of the fiber layers are knitted.

7. The bat of claim 1 further comprising a resin reinforced fiber end cap for the barrel adhered to the tube by the resin.

8. The bat of claim 1 further comprising a central core surrounded by said fiber reinforced layer.

9. The bat of claim 8 in which the core is formed of foam plastic.

10. The bat of claim 8 in which the foam plastic supported within the barrel of the tube has a greater density than the foam plastic formed within the handle of the tube.

11. The bat of claim 8 further including a high density weight supported within the central core adjacent to the barrel end of the tube.

12. A baseball bat comprising a tube tapering from a relatively small diameter handle end to a relatively larger diameter barrel end, the tube comprising a cylindrical outer layer of wood veneer overlying a cylindrical layer of fiber reinforced resin, the fiber reinforced resin comprising a plurality of layers of fabric having their fibers aligned in differing directions with the layer directly contacting said wood veneer layer having at least certain fibers lying perpendicular to the grain of the wood veneer, the resin impregnating the fibers and the contacting wood veneer surface and adhering them to one another.

13. The bat of claim 12 further comprising a foam urethane core disposed within said tube.

14. The method of forming a baseball bat or the like having a relatively small diameter handle tapering to a relatively large diameter barrel, comprising: overlaying a form with a contoured sock comprising a plurality of layers of fabric formed of the high tensile fibers, with various of the layers having their fibers at orientations angled relative to one another; impregnating the fabric socks with liquid resin; overlaying the socks with a sheet of wood veneer; and curing the resin.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said form constitutes a mandrel and the bat is removed from the mandrel after curing of the resin.

16. The method of claim 15 in which resin is cured at an elevated temperature. ^'

17. The method of claim 16 in which the foamed plastic core is formed within the bat after curing of the resin and removal from the mandrel.

18. The method of claim 16 further including forming a tubular knob end and attaching said knob end to the handle end of the bat by epoxy.

19. The method of claim 4 in which said wood veneer sheet is imprinted with a logo prior to attachment of the wood veneer sheet to the resin coated fiber.

20. The method of claim 4 in which said resin is cured while said bat or the like is pressured in a vacuum bag.

21. The method of claim 4 wherein said resin is cured while said bat is pressured in matched dies.

22. The method of claim 14 in which said sock is formed from two elongated planks of stacks of sheets with their longitudinal edges sewn together.

23. The method of claim 22 including placing a second sock over said sock with the seams of said socks displaced relative to one another.

24. The method of forming a baseball bat or the like comprising: ^' forming a tube comprising an outer layer of wood veneer overlying an inner layer of fiber reinforced resin, with the two layers being impregnated with and adhered to one another by said resin; curing said resin; and forming a self-foaming plastic core within said tube by a foam-in-place method.

25. The method of claim 24 in which said tube is formed over a mandrel and the resin is cured by heating to a temperature in excess of 150° F.

AMENDED CLAIMS

[received by the International Bureau on 2 September 1993 (02.09.93) ; original claim 1 amended ; other claims unchanged (2 pages)]

1. A ball bat having a bulbous end portion tapering to a narrow handle portion comprising an elongated tube of fibrous reinforcing fabric and a tube formed of a sheet of wood veneer, said sheet comprising an elongated strip having its length substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bat, the sheet surrounding and encasing the fibrous reinforcing fabric tube, the fabric tube and the wood veneer sheet each being impregnated with and adhered to one another by resin.

2. The bat of claim 1 wherein said tube of wood veneer is formed of two longitudinally extending strips with meeting longitudinal edges.

3. The bat of claim 1 in which the tube of wood veneer has a thickness of between approximately 1/8 and

1/16 of an inch.

4. The bat of claim 1 wherein said wood is a hardwood.

5. The bat of claim 1 further including a central core within said fabric tube.

6. The bat of claim 5 wherein said central core comprises a foam plastic. 7. The bat of claim 1 wherein the fibrous reinforcement fabric is formed of fibers or cords of Kevlar, graphite or glass or combinations thereof.