WO1993004999A1 - Modular set of panels - Google Patents

Abstract

A modular set comprises panels (1) having a rectangular, in particular square, basic shape, that can be interconnected into larger units by means of linking elements arranged at their edges (6, 8, 9). At least the opposite side edges (8, 9) of the panels arranged in pairs are provided with complementary holding members (10) for the linking elements. To allow various two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures to be built with similar panels (1) at various linking angles to each other, each panel (1, 1a) has on at least two opposite sides (8, 9) mutually offset, spaced apart sleeve sections (10) arranged parallel to the side edge (8, 9) and formed in a single piece with the panel, which penetrate in their flush position between the sleeve sections of the adjacent side of an added panel and receive connecting pins or tubes that extend through at least two sleeve sections.

Description

Component set made of panels

The invention relates to a set of components made of panels which have a rectangular, in particular square, basic form and can be connected to larger units by means of further elements which can be connected to their edges by means of connecting elements, at least paired opposite edge sides of the panels being provided with opposing holders for the connecting elements .

Component sets of this type are used in a wide variety of applications. As an example, wall and ceiling formwork or other flat elements in their basic form are mentioned here, which are composed of a large number of individual panels. Furthermore, it is known to use spatial component z. B. build storage rooms, containers, silos, etc. From DE-GM 86 30 024 it is known, from a set of components made of plastic panels box elements z. B. To produce composting silos. In the case of spatial structures, the panel size is normally adapted to the wall size. Depending on whether successive panels should lie essentially in one plane or should abut at an angle, the abutting edges are designed differently and, in particular, are angled differently, and according to the DE-GM mentioned there is also the possibility of two or to place several rows of panels on top of one another and thus to form a box element from several rows of panels. Edge flanges are provided on all four sides of the panels, on which the panels are connected with mutual support. Depending on the floor plan of the box element to be manufactured and accordingly the The angles at which successive panels meet with their side edges are flanged in accordance with the bisector of the abutting angle, so that when the rows of panels are placed one on top of the other, the upper and lower flanges are bent approximately horizontally outwards and at an angle of 135 ° outwards beveled flanges for a silo with a rectangular or square layout. Do you want another z. B. equilateral triangular or polygonal, z. B. get hexagonal plan of the box element, so here the side flanges must be folded according to the respective bisector to the adjacent panel. In this special case, this means that even with the same side lengths or widths, differently manufactured panels are required for different floor plans. The same problems arise with a large number of other possible uses of component sets - where panels of the same size often have to be manufactured differently, depending on whether the panels are to be attached essentially in one plane with all the adjoining panels or at least on one edge to connect a subsequent panel at an angle.

The object of the invention is to remedy this situation and to provide a set of components of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which there is the possibility of choosing from the same or similar panels both flat structures, eg B. larger wall elements, as well as spatial structures, eg. B. containers, boxes, etc. to be produced, the further requirement having to be met is to provide a simple connection possibility for the panels, which means that the assembly or disassembly of the manufactured structures is essentially tool-free or only with the aid of simplest tools possible.

The task is solved in that each panel has little has at least two opposite sides offset from one another and spaced apart and parallel to the side edge and integrally formed on sleeve sections which, when connecting a follow-up panel in the alignment position between the sleeve sections on the adjacent side of this panel, protrude at least through two sleeve sections through connecting bolts or tubes.

This design makes it possible to connect the panels at least on the sides having the sleeve sections either in alignment or in any angular positions to one another, so that both flat and spatial structures from a set of components with a corresponding number of panels and connecting elements can be manufactured. In principle, component sets according to the invention can be used, inter alia, for the production of containers, silos, composting silos, protective walls, separating chambers, flexible containers, plant containers, play kits, swimming pools, living containers, animal stalls, thickening containers for sewage sludge, but also of Barriers, partitions, formwork, treads, roadway dividers, protective walls, theater backdrops and even with floating designs or with appropriate floats can be used as boat and landing stages. The choice of the production material and the grid size for the individual panels will also depend on the intended use. This also applies to the respective strength, equipment and surface treatment.

If the sleeves have circular lead-through openings in cross-section, and appropriate connecting bolts or tubes are used, two successive panels connected to the sleeve side can be set in different angular positions, of course, when certain angular positions are not to be exceeded, Stop bars can be provided or the sleeves angled edges of these panels are attached to the other panels, so that the edges that come into engagement from a certain angular position prevent further pivoting. However, it is also possible to provide the option of connecting successive panels only in very specific, if necessary different, angular positions. According to an advantageous embodiment, at least the sleeves closest to a transverse end of the panel have a non-circular, e.g. B. chamfered or polygonal hole cross-section and the connecting bolt or tube at least in this area on an adapted cross-section, so that successive panels can be connected to each other only in predetermined bending positions.

In special cases it is possible to equip all four panel sides with sleeve sections, but an embodiment is usually preferred in which two panel edges lying opposite one another in pairs with the sleeve sections arranged at a distance, but the other two panel edges with support flanges which can be placed on one another and in or bushings or brackets for holding elements, such as connecting wedges, screws or the like, are provided on these, since mostly a better stability of the one wall element is formed here. Panels is reached.

For many applications, e.g. B. for the production of Si¬ los, composting silos, planters and. Like. The panels with the sleeve sections and flanges can be made in one piece from plastic material, in particular from reprocessed and foamed old polyethylene material, so that the needs of environmental protection and material reuse are also taken into account. The panels are advantageously foamed in the mold under excess pressure, so that they receive a resistant outer skin. A plastic material obtained from old material by pre-cleaning and crushing and as a foaming agent is preferably sodium bicarbonate used. Depending on the desired strength and the necessary sealing of the abutting edges, the entire side of the panel can be equipped with spaced sleeve sections or even fewer sleeve sections, at least two on each side.

In the case of a flat component which is produced using a set of components and consists of two or more rows of panels, it can be provided that the individual rows are formed from one another on the panels provided with the sleeve sections and with mutual longitudinal offset of these connections with the adjacent rows above holding elements attacking the flanges are connected. If necessary, the surface stiffness of this element is improved and, if necessary, the locking effect in the case of non-round sleeve and bolt cross sections is strengthened. If you want to obtain a more flexible flat element, the individual rows will not be offset against each other, so that there is a possibility of kinking the hinges.

In the case of a set of components for the production of containers which can be closed at least on one side, it is advantageous for the container casing to have a polygonal outline on the peripheral edges that can be connected via the sleeve sections and bolts, optionally arranged in several circumferential rows, and at least one panel shaped according to the outline cross section. if necessary, a multi-part base or cover part is provided, which can preferably be fastened to the edge holders of the top or bottom panels.

In this case, a two-part or multi-part cover can be provided for a composting silo, at least part of which is designed as a hinged cover that can be folded up about hinges. In a composting silo are preferred insulating panels are used. The cover prevents odor nuisance to the environment and in particular prevents the top layers of the composting material from being wet by precipitation, which impairs the composting process.

According to a further development, it is provided that the cover forms a hood that slopes gently towards the edges and that its edges are designed as eaves edges protruding beyond the panels forming the side walls of the composting silo. The rainwater flowing away from the edges of the eaves moistens the soil around the silo and also seeps into the lower layers of the composting material, in which the fermentation process is essentially complete and which now further disintegrates under the supply of moisture and maintains the desired crumbly structure.

Although it is possible to form the hinges from molded sleeves and bolts or to fasten them separately with screws, an embodiment is preferred according to which the hinges can be fastened by means of molded spring clips which can be snapped into place on the sides of the cover parts which are directed towards one another in openings Hinge sleeves and hinge pins or tubes that can be inserted into them. Not only is the manufacture of the cover simplified, but there is the additional advantage that the holding force of the spring washers can be set so that they spring out of the catches in the event of overloads due to the cover being opened or closed too violently , so that there is no damage to their fastening points on the cover. The spring clips themselves are advantageously produced from a correspondingly elastic and sufficiently strong plastic material, and if possible they can be cut to length with the subsequent sleeves from a running, appropriately profiled strand material.

For a composting silo forming a six-sided prism the cover consists of two identical halves, each extending over two continuous and two subsequent half-hexagonal sides, one of which is attached to the panels forming the walls. In this case, a corner is enclosed between the two continuous hexagonal sides of the hinged lid half, from which the lid can be easily grasped, it being easy to embed composting material from this corner. The subdivision of the cover in the middle of opposite sides also facilitates the attachment of the other half of the cover.

The manufacture is further simplified by the fact that the snap-in openings for the spring clips of the hinge sleeves are offset with respect to the longitudinal center of the side adjoining the second lid half, so that when two identical lid halves are put together, the hinge sleeves of one lid half lie next to the hinge sleeves of the other lid half and can be connected in alignment via the hinge pin or tube or tubes. The same shape can be used for both lid halves. Falling out of the hinge axis, which is simply inserted, can be prevented in a simple manner by stop projections formed onto the cover half, over which the hinge axis slides when inserted under elastic deformation.

In the case of the composting silo, the panels, which are optionally provided with integrally formed reinforcing ribs, can have continuous ventilation openings in their flat areas, and the lid is also made from foamed, heat-insulating plastic material.

Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention can be found in the following description of the drawings. The subject matter of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, for example. Show it

Fig. 1 in a schematic representation of a z. B. in a panel that can be used for the production of composting silos, seen from the outside in plan view, FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale a section through the joint area of two panels placed one on top of the other, FIG. 3 a section through the connecting area of two adjacent panels in a first embodiment - shape,

3 shows a second embodiment of the connection area corresponding to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 shows a planar component made up of several panels, FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a planar component, FIGS. 7 to 10 show schematically different ones using Single panels produced spatial structures, Fig. 11 schematically in front view of a composting silo made of panels according to Fig. 1 with cover, Fig. 12 on a larger scale the cover of the silo according to Fig. 11 in plan view, Fig. 13 a hinge sleeve with molded spring clip in front view 14 shows a side view of FIGS. 13 and

15 shows a section through the area of attachment of the hinge sleeve to the cover.

According to FIG. 1, a panel 1 in the basic form of a square plate is provided, the wall 2 of which has continuous ventilation openings 3, is reinforced by ribs 4, 5, and the edge flanges 6, angled on two opposite sides, with lead-through openings 7 for connection elements and on the two other opposite sides 8, 9 arranged parallel to the side edge, integrally formed sleeve sections 10, which on the two sides 8, 9 are offset from one another to form a gap. When used for a composting silo, the panel is preferably made in one piece from foamed, reprocessed plastic waste material with the formation of a solid surface skin and, in this type of production, has heat-insulating properties which are dependent on the thickness.

Panels 1 placed one on top of the flanges 6 can be connected by wedges 12 driven into the openings 7 and having a holding head piece 10 11, as is indicated in FIG. 2.

Adjacent panels engage with their due to the offset arrangement of the sleeve sections on the two sides 8, 9

15 sleeves 10 in the gaps between the sleeve sections of the subsequent row of sleeves and are shown in FIG. 3 by an inserted z. B. over the side length connecting bolt 13 or a corresponding tube pivotally connected when the hole cross section and the cross section of the

20 bolts 13 are circular as shown.

According to FIG. 4, at least the sleeves lying at the end of the row of sleeves can have a non-circular, e.g. B. have hexagonal hole cross-section, so that they can be assembled by an inserted 25th hexagon bolt 14 only in predetermined angular positions, an angular position being indicated by dash-dotted lines.

5, the sides 9, 10 are arranged in alignment in two successive rows 15, 16 and the two rows 15, 16 are on the flanges 6 via the here Wedges 12, not shown, connected. The flat element according to FIG. 5 can therefore be angled in the case of a sleeve and bolt design according to FIG. 3 according to the hinges formed by the elements 10, 13. You use this Execution of a hinge formation 10, 14 according to FIG. 4, the element becomes rigid in itself. The degree of rigidity can be increased further if, according to FIG. 6, the hinges 10 in the longitudinal longitudinal direction z in two successive rows 17, 18 of a flat element. B. offset to half the panel width and again on the flanges 6 a connection of the successive rows 17, 18 makes.

7 shows three panels 1, but also z. B. Connect wall elements from several individual panels according to FIG. 5 or 6 to form a spatial body in the form of the jacket of a three-sided prism. 8 shows a corresponding embodiment of a four-sided prism. 9 shows a variant in the form of the casing of a rectangular prism, the narrow sides being formed from individual panels 1 and the broad sides being each made up of two individual panels, and tensioning or also inserted panels 1 between the connection points of the panels of the broad sides are attached, this last-mentioned embodiment being possible if the individual panels 1 are provided with only a few sleeve elements 10 which are arranged at greater distances and corresponding division.

10 shows an embodiment in the form of a six-sided prism.

From this latter embodiment, the design illustrated in FIG. 11 is developed

Basic form of a six-sided prism 19 comprising composting silos, which consist of two superposed rows 20,

21 from full panels 1 according to FIG. 1 and a basic row

22 is made up of half panels la. The abutting flanges of the panels 1, 1 a provided in the rows 20 to 22 are again connected by wedges or screws.

For the silo 19, a cover 23 is provided, which consists of two Halves 24, 24a, which are identical to each other and can be made in the same shape. The cover forms a flat hood, which falls from the central part 25 against the outer edges 26, these outer edges 26 projecting beyond the outline of the silo formed from the panels 1, la forming an eaves edge, so that rainwater immediately next to the row 22 onto the Soil falls and can seep into the composting material. The underside of the cover 23, not shown, can be provided on the two halves 24, 24a with supporting ribs. On the sides facing each other, the two lid halves 24, 24a (see also FIG. 15) are provided with a downward-facing edge flange 27. Snap-in openings 28 are formed in this edge flange and are offset with respect to the longitudinal center of each half. Spring clips 29 (see FIGS. 13 to 15) can be inserted into these snap-in openings 28, which carry hinge sleeve sections 30 integrally formed thereon and are preferably equipped with additional support feet 31. Because of the offset of the snap-in openings 28, the sleeve sections 30 attached to the two lid halves 24, 24a engage in a gap when the lid halves 24, 24a are assembled and can be connected to a hinge by an inserted bolt or another hinge axis 32. In addition to the latch opening 28 closest to the edge, projections 33 are formed from the cover material and form the end stops for the hinge axis 31. The sleeves 30 with the spring clips 29 are preferably produced in one piece from high-strength plastic material. One half of the cover (24) can be fastened with screws or wedges inserted through openings 34 into the openings 7 of the panels 1 of the top row of panels. Attachment to the hinge axes 13 or 14 of the top row of panels 20 would also be possible.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Set of components made of panels (1), which have a rectangular, in particular square, basic shape, and can be connected to larger units by connecting elements to their edges (6, 8, 9) to form larger units, at least in pairs opposite edge sides (8, 9 ) of the panels are provided with opposing brackets (10) for the connecting elements, characterized in that each panel (1, la) is integrally formed on at least two opposite sides (8, 9) offset from one another and spaced apart parallel to the side edge Has sleeve sections CIO) which, when a follow-up chip is connected in the aligned position between the sleeve sections on the adjacent side of this panel, receive connecting bolts (13, 14) or tubes which pass through at least two sleeve sections. 2. Set of components according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the sleeves (10) have circular through openings in cross-section (Fig. 3). 3. Set of components according to claim 1 or 2, characterized ge indicates that at least the one transverse end of the panel (1) closest sleeves (10) a non-circular, z. B. fastened or polygonal hole cross-section and the connecting bolts (14) or tube have an adapted cross-section at least in this area, so that successive panels can only be connected to one another in predetermined bending positions (Flg. 4). 4. Component set according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two opposite panel edges (8, 9) with the spaced sleeve sections (10) but the other two panel edges with stackable support flanges (6) and in or on these bushings (7) or holders for hal ¬ te elements, such as connecting wedges (12), screws or the like. Are provided. 5. Set of components according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the panels (1, la) with the Hülsen¬ sections (10) and flanges (6) in one piece from Kunststoffma¬ material, in particular from reprocessed and foamed tem polyethylene waste material are made. 6. Using a component set according to one of claims 1 to 5, consisting of two or more rows of panels, flat component, characterized ge indicates that the individual rows (17, 18) from one another at the with the sleeve sections (10) provided Panels (1) are formed and are connected to each other by adjacent longitudinal offset of these connections with the adjacent rows via the flanges (6) engaging holding elements (Fig. 6). 7. Set of components according to one of claims 1 to 6 for the production of at least one-side closable Be¬ containers, characterized in that for the container shell according to a polygonal outline on the peripheral edges via the sleeve sections (10) and bolts (13, 14) connectable, if necessary, in several circumferential rows (20 to 22) superimposed panels (1, la) are provided and at least one base or cover part (23) which is shaped in accordance with the outline cross section is provided, which is preferably attached to the edge brackets ( 7) the top and bottom panels can be attached. 8. Component set according to claim 7, characterized in is characterized in that a two-part or multi-part cover (23) is provided for a composting silo (19), of which at least one part (24a) is designed as a hinged cover which can be folded up about hinges (30, 32). 9. The set of components according to claim 8, characterized in that the cover (23) forms a hood falling flatly towards the edges (26) and its edges as panels (1, la) forming the side walls of the composting silo. protruding eaves edges are designed. 10. Set of components according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the hinges from in part (28) facing each other cover part sides (27) snap-in, molded spring clips (29) attachable Scharnier¬ sleeves (30) and insertable in this hinge pin (32) or tubes. 11. A set of components according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that for a composting silo (19) forming a six-sided prism, the cover (23) consists of two identical halves, each with two continuous and two adjoining half-sided sides reaching halves (24, 24a), one (24) of which is attached to the panels (1) forming the walls. 12. A set of components according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the latching openings (28) for the spring clips (29) of the hinge sleeves (30) are offset with respect to the longitudinal center of the side (27) adjacent to the second cover half, so that when two identical cover halves (24, 24a) are put together, the hinge sleeves (30) of one cover half (24) lie next to the hinge sleeves of the other cover half (24a) and are flush with them over the hinge pin (s) (32) or tube are connectable. 13- component set according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the panels (1), optionally provided with integrally formed reinforcing ribs (4, 5), have continuous ventilation openings (3) in their flat areas and that the cover (23) is made of foamed, heat-insulating plastic material.