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WO1993003911A1 - Flacons d'echantillons enrobes et depourvus de charge statiques, utilises pour la spectrometrie a scintillation - Google Patents

Flacons d'echantillons enrobes et depourvus de charge statiques, utilises pour la spectrometrie a scintillation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993003911A1
WO1993003911A1 PCT/US1992/004465 US9204465W WO9303911A1 WO 1993003911 A1 WO1993003911 A1 WO 1993003911A1 US 9204465 W US9204465 W US 9204465W WO 9303911 A1 WO9303911 A1 WO 9303911A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vial
antistatic agent
cap
coating
sample
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1992/004465
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leslie Alan Daniels
Robert Elmer Olson
Stanley Andrew Zielinski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Revvity Health Sciences Inc
Original Assignee
Packard Instrument Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Packard Instrument Co Inc filed Critical Packard Instrument Co Inc
Publication of WO1993003911A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993003911A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
    • B01L3/5082—Test tubes per se
    • B01L3/50825—Closing or opening means, corks, bungs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/04—Coating
    • C08J7/044—Forming conductive coatings; Forming coatings having anti-static properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/04—Coating
    • C08J7/06—Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/065—Low-molecular-weight organic substances, e.g. absorption of additives in the surface of the article
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/015—Transportable or portable shielded containers for storing radioactive sources, e.g. source carriers for irradiation units; Radioisotope containers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to vials for the containment of a liquid radioactive sample, and more particularly, to sample vials that are free of electrostatic charges for use in an apparatus for detecting and measuring radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting techniques.
  • sample vials for containing cell cultures and the like has become common place in liquid scintillation spectrometry.
  • the cell cultures are labeled with radioactive isotopes such that the radioactivity of the final samples must be measured.
  • the sample vial is provided with a scintillator that converts radiation, such as beta particles, into corresponding light pulses.
  • a predetermined amount of a radioactive sample and a liquid scintillation cocktail is placed in a sample vial before the vial is loaded into a counting chamber of a scintillation spectrometer. Then, as the radionuclide in the sample decays, emitted beta particles energize the fluor contained within the liquid scintillation cocktail.
  • the fluor converts the energy from the beta particles into optical events which are detected by a photomultiplier tube in the scintillation spectrometer.
  • the scintillation spectrometer includes at least one photomultiplier tube which senses scintillation from each sample vial and converts the sensed scintillation into corresponding electrical pulses.
  • Sample vials used in liquid scintillation counting tend to accumulate substantial electrostatic charges from a variety of sources during packaging and handling.
  • the electrostatic charges are discharged in the form of a visible flash which presents a false light signal to the scintillation counter. This light is indistinguishable from the sample scintillations, and gives a false value of radioactivity of the sample.
  • sample vials which are currently available for scintillation counting typically are made of a plastic such as polyethylene, and have electrostatic charges of about 3,000 volts as a result of the process used in packaging the vials. Electrostatic charges also result because technicians generally wear gloves formed from latex, vinyl or other materials while handling vials for scintillation counting.
  • a method for removing these electrostatic charges that is currently used in the industry involves ionizing radiation. As the sample vial enters the detector of the scintillation counting device for analysis, the vial passes in close proximity to an alpha particle emitting source such as Polonium-210. This method is disadvantageous because long exposure times are required to adequately remove electrostatic charges from the sample vial, reducing the throughput of the counting device. Additionally, the alpha particle emitting source must be periodically replaced due to its short decay half life.
  • Another known method for removing static charges from sample vials involves the use of electrical current to generate an ionized atmosphere of both positive and negative ions in close proximity to the vial. This method is often ineffective in removing very high electrostatic charges from sample vials. Neither of the known methods remove static from areas of a vial that are not visible to the device, such as the bottom.
  • sample vial for use in transporting test samples including a liquid scintillator and a radioactive isotope to and from a scintillation counting device without imparting an electrostatic charge to the sample vial.
  • the sample vial of the present invention has improved counting efficiency because it eliminates the accumulation of electrostatic charges and random dirt on the vial. Summary Of The Invention
  • a related object of this invention is to provide such an improved sample container by tumbling the vial with a material conta ing a fabric softening agent in the presence of a heated air stream.
  • Another important object of this invention is to provide a coated sample container which is resistant to electrostatic charges which result from handling the containers with gloves when preparing the sample and transporting the container to the scintillation counting device.
  • the foregoing objectives are realized by providing a vial for holding a radioactive sample for radiometric analysis which has an outer surface on which a coating comprising a transparent antistatic agent is deposited to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the vial.
  • the vial is treated to make the vial free of electrostatic charges by immersing the vial and cap in a solution containing the antistatic agent, spraying the vial and cap with a solution containing the antistatic agent or by contacting the vial and cap in a heated air stream with a flexible substrate carrying the antistatic agent.
  • a vial for holding a radioactive sample is integrally formed from a plastic material including an amount of a tansparent antistatic agent for neutralizing electrostatic charges on the vial.
  • a cap integrally formed from the plastic material is removably attached to the vial.
  • the vial and cap may also be treated with an antistatic coating.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged elevational view, partly in section, of a sample vial embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a sample vial 10 having a snap or screw cap 12 to prevent spillage of the liquid radioactive sample within the vial.
  • Liquid scintillation sample vials are generally formed from glass or plastic, such as high density polyethylene.
  • the sample vial 10 and cap 12 have respective outer surfaces 14 and 16 on which a transparent coating 18 is deposited.
  • the coating 18 includes an antistatic agent to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charge that would be present on an uncoated sample vial.
  • the antistatic agent may be any compound or composition that effectively prevents the accumulation of static without inhibiting the transmission of light, such as fabric softening agents that are available for reducing static on clothing.
  • Suitable antistatic agents are selected from group consisting of cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof. Examples of such agents include quaternary ammonium compounds, glycerol stearates and ethoxylated synthetic amines. Impregnation or coating of liquid scintillation sample vials with antistatic agents which inhibit the transmission of light is ineffective.
  • Such unacceptable antistatic agents include carbon, metal fibers such as stainless steel, nickel or brass, and agents that are yellow or tinted in color.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is directed toward a method of making an antistatic sample vial.
  • One method of treating antistatic vials involves tumbling the vials and caps in the presence of a heated air stream and a substrate carrying the antistatic agent. Each cap may be placed on a vial or the caps may be tumbled along with the vials.
  • the vials may be tumbled in a conventional laundry dryer so that the antistatic agent is transferred from the substrate to the vials upon contact.
  • the substrate is a flexible cloth material which is embedded or surface coated with the antistatic agent
  • Such substrates include commercially available fabric softening sheets.
  • a second method of treating a vial so that it prevents the accumulation of static charge involves immersing the vials with caps in place in a solution containing an antistatic agent as discussed above.
  • a third method involves spraying the vials with caps in place with a solution of an antistatic agent so as to form an antistatic coating on each vial.
  • a fourth method of making a static-free vial involves integrally forming the vial and cap from a plastic material including an antistatic agent as discussed above.
  • a suitable plastic material is one in which the transparent antistatic agent migrates to the surface of the vial and cap during molding so that electrostatic charges on the vial and cap are prevented.
  • the vial and cap may also treated with a transparent antistatic coating such as those discussed in the above methods.
  • each vial was measured by a refrigerated Packard Tri- Carb ® 1900CA liquid scintillation analyzer having the static controller disconnected.
  • Polyethylene vials (20 ml) as manufactured by Packard Instrument Company, Inc. were immersed with their caps in place in a coating consisting of 1 percent by volume of Ethoquad C/12 solution (A ⁇ nak Quaternary Ammonium Compound) as manufactured by Akzo Chemicals Inc.
  • the vials were dried and filled with 5 ⁇ lliliters of Optifluor scintillation cocktail as manufactured by Packard Instrument Company, Inc. New Latex gloves were worn during cocktail dispensing.
  • Four cassettes which each contained 12 vials were loaded into the refrigerated 1900. Static measured was less than (-) 100 volts.
  • a second group of the polyethylene vials were prepared according to the protocol as discussed above. However, the vials were immersed in deionized water with a small amount of "Liqui-Nox" detergent. Static measurements were (-) 100 to 200 volts.
  • a third group of polyethylene vials were filled straight from the packaging carton using new latex gloves. Voltage measured was (+) 1000 to 2000 volts.
  • a fourth set of polyethylene vials were prepared as discussed above for the first set of vials except the vials were sprayed with the Ethoquad solution instead of being immersed in it. Voltage measured was (-) 100-200 volts.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

Flacon (10) servant à contenir un échantillon radioactif pour une analyse radiométrique, et sur la surface externe (14) duquel est déposée une couche d'un agent antistatique transparent (18) afin d'empêcher l'accumulation de charges électrostatiques sur le flacon. On traite celui-ci (10) afin de le débarasser de charges électrostatiques en immergeant le flacon (10) et le capuchon (12) dans une solution contenant l'agent antistatique, en pulvérisant sur le flacon (10) et le capuchon (12) une solution contenant l'agent antistatique, ou en les mettant en contact, dans un courant d'air chauffé, avec un substrat souple portant l'agent antistatique.
PCT/US1992/004465 1991-08-19 1992-05-27 Flacons d'echantillons enrobes et depourvus de charge statiques, utilises pour la spectrometrie a scintillation Ceased WO1993003911A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74692491A 1991-08-19 1991-08-19
US746,924 1991-08-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993003911A1 true WO1993003911A1 (fr) 1993-03-04

Family

ID=25002932

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1992/004465 Ceased WO1993003911A1 (fr) 1991-08-19 1992-05-27 Flacons d'echantillons enrobes et depourvus de charge statiques, utilises pour la spectrometrie a scintillation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1993003911A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2941238A1 (fr) * 2009-01-22 2010-07-23 Arkema France Utilisation d'une composition transparente pour photobioreacteurs.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3801418A (en) * 1972-03-16 1974-04-02 Atomic Energy Commission Transparent anti-static device
USRE28070E (en) * 1969-10-17 1974-07-09 Uniroyal Inc Antistatic polymer compositions
US4104175A (en) * 1973-12-10 1978-08-01 Modokemi Aktiebolag Aqueous solutions of quaternary ammonium compounds
US4848566A (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-07-18 W. R. Grace & Co. Antistatic/conductive container
US4877687A (en) * 1986-09-16 1989-10-31 Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Ltd. Synthetic resin molded article having antistatic property

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE28070E (en) * 1969-10-17 1974-07-09 Uniroyal Inc Antistatic polymer compositions
US3801418A (en) * 1972-03-16 1974-04-02 Atomic Energy Commission Transparent anti-static device
US4104175A (en) * 1973-12-10 1978-08-01 Modokemi Aktiebolag Aqueous solutions of quaternary ammonium compounds
US4877687A (en) * 1986-09-16 1989-10-31 Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Ltd. Synthetic resin molded article having antistatic property
US4848566A (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-07-18 W. R. Grace & Co. Antistatic/conductive container

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2941238A1 (fr) * 2009-01-22 2010-07-23 Arkema France Utilisation d'une composition transparente pour photobioreacteurs.

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