WO1992019384A1 - Reverse flow limiter for fluid jet nozzle - Google Patents
Reverse flow limiter for fluid jet nozzle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992019384A1 WO1992019384A1 PCT/US1992/003466 US9203466W WO9219384A1 WO 1992019384 A1 WO1992019384 A1 WO 1992019384A1 US 9203466 W US9203466 W US 9203466W WO 9219384 A1 WO9219384 A1 WO 9219384A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- fluid supply
- nozzle
- chamber
- supplies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
- B05B7/149—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to a fluid jet device and more particularly to a device to limit bac flow of a second fluid toward the location of introduction of the fluid jet which disrupts the fluid jet, and wears the elements of the fluid jet.
- this is accomplished by providing an apparatus having a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice. There is a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice. A first fluid supply which supplies a first fluid, is applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice which exits downstream into the first chamber. A second fluid supply supplies a second fluid and is located downstream of said first fluid supply. A flow limiter limits flow of the second fluid supply to the first chamber.
- Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view illustrating a prior art embodiment of fluid jet apparatus
- Fig. 2 is a cross sectional side view illustrating an alternative embodiment of fluid jet apparatus with a third fluid supply and member with a throat of the present invention.
- Fig. 3. is a cross sectional side view illlustrating an alternative embodiment of fluid jet apparatiu with a third fluid supply and member with a throat of the present invention.
- a fluid jet apparatus is illustrated generally as 10.
- the fluid jet apparatus may be used in such applications as cutting and cleaning.
- the fluid jet apparatus 10 includes a nozzle assembly 12.
- the nozzle assembly 12 may include a nozzle head 16 and a nozzle stem 18.
- a nozzle orifice 14 is located in the nozzle head 16.
- a second fluid supply 28 which supplies a second fluid typically contains abrasives, is introduced downstream of the orifice assembly 12.
- fluid introduced from the second fluid supply 28 flows to the vacuum 31, not only is the fluid jet 23 disrupted, but often abrasives may come in contact with the first nozzle head 16. This contact by the abrasives will cause unwanted wear, or damage to the above mentioned elements.
- a third fluid supply 32 is in fluid communication with the first chamber 22 intermediate the first fluid supply 20 and the second fluid supply 28. The third fluid supply 32 acts to create a pressure cushion which limits the backflow 30.
- the third fluid supply 32 may be applied at several different locations to be effective.
- Figure 2 illustrates the application of the third fluid supply 32, which may be ambient or pressurized air supply, to the outside of the nozzle stem 18.
- the left half of the Figure 3 illustrates the application of the third fluid supply through the nozzle head 16.
- the right half of Figure 3 illustrates the third fluid supply 32 being applied through the nozzle stem 18 itseif. Either of these embodiments will limit the above mentioned backflow 30.
- Each of these embodiments may be used in combination with different embodiments.
- the third fluid supply 32 may also include a vent 34 to the atmosphere 26.
- the third fluid supply 32 could communicate with a high pressure source 36.
- Reduced throat 38 formed in member 39 may be used in either the abrasive or the non-abrasive systems, to restrict the backflow 30.
- the reduced throat 38 may provide a barrier between the first chamber 22 and the atmosphere 26, or it may separate the first chamber 22 from a second chamber 40. In all the above mentioned embodiments, passage of the fluid jet 23 is permitted while the backflow 30 is limited.
- both the reduced throat 38 and the third fluid supply 32 will more effectively reduce the backflow 30 than using either backflow limiter alone. This results from the modifying the flow conditions at the first chamber 22 (see Fig.2), while maintaining a desirable vacuum in the second chamber 40. Since hardly any vacuum exists in the first chamber relative to the second chamber, virtually all fluid in the second fluid supply 28, which is typically an abrasive feed source, will ne diverted in the same direction as the fluid from the first fluid supply 20.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus (10) has a nozzle (12) including a nozzle orifice (14). There is a first chamber (22) adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice (14). A first fluid supply (20) which supplies a first fluid is applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice which exits downstream into the first chamber (22). A second fluid supply (28) supplies a second fluid, and is located downstream of said first fluid supply (20) in fluid communication with the first fluid supply (20). A flow limiter limits flow of the second fluid supply to the first chamber (22). The flow limiter may be a third fluid supply (32) applied to the first chamber, located intermediate said first and second fluid supplies. The flow limiter may alternatively be a throat formed (38) in a member, which a fluid jet applied by the first fluid supply passes through.
Description
REVERSE FLOW LIMITER FOR FLUID JET NOZZLE
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
This invention relates generally to a fluid jet device and more particularly to a device to limit bac flow of a second fluid toward the location of introduction of the fluid jet which disrupts the fluid jet, and wears the elements of the fluid jet.
In present fluid jet systems, fluid escaping from the nozzle will create a vacuum. This vacuum will tend to propel particulate matter (especially abrasives, if the system is an abrasive system) towards the nozzle. This will disrupt the fluid jet, as well as damage any part which the particulate contacts.
The foregoing illustrates limitations known to exist in present fluid jet systems. Thus, it is apparent that it would be advantageous to provide an alternative directed to overcoming one or more of the limitations set forth above. Accordingly, a suitable alternative is provided including features more fully disclosed hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, this is accomplished by providing an apparatus having a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice. There is a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice. A first fluid supply which supplies a first fluid, is applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice which exits downstream into the first chamber. A second fluid supply supplies a second fluid and is located
downstream of said first fluid supply. A flow limiter limits flow of the second fluid supply to the first chamber.
The foregoing and other aspects will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view illustrating a prior art embodiment of fluid jet apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional side view illustrating an alternative embodiment of fluid jet apparatus with a third fluid supply and member with a throat of the present invention.
Fig. 3. is a cross sectional side view illlustrating an alternative embodiment of fluid jet apparatiu with a third fluid supply and member with a throat of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the present disclosure, elements which function identically in different embodiments are provided with identical reference characters.
A fluid jet apparatus is illustrated generally as 10. The fluid jet apparatus may be used in such applications as cutting and cleaning. The fluid jet apparatus 10 includes a nozzle assembly 12. The nozzle assembly 12 may include a nozzle head 16 and a nozzle stem 18. A nozzle orifice 14 is located in the nozzle head 16.
A first fluid supply 20, which supplies a first fluid, is in fluid communication with the nozzle orifice 14. Fluid being discharged through the nozzle orifice 14 from a first fluid supply 20 will enter a first chamber 22 as a fluid jet 23. The fluid jet will tend to disrupt fluid in the first chamber 22, a vacuum 31 will thereby be created in the first chamber 22.
Fluid jet apparatus of this type may be applied to abrasive systems (see Figs. 1 and 2) or to non-abrasive systems (see Fig. 2). In non-abrasive systems, the first chamber 22 is typically in fluid communication with the atmosphere 26. The rush of fluid passing from the atmosphere to the vacuum of relatively lower pressure vacuum 31 may cause disruption' of the fluid jet 23.
In abrasive systems a second fluid supply 28, which supplies a second fluid typically contains abrasives, is introduced downstream of the orifice assembly 12. When fluid introduced from the second fluid supply 28 flows to the vacuum 31, not only is the fluid jet 23 disrupted, but often abrasives may come in contact with the first nozzle head 16. This contact by the abrasives will cause unwanted wear, or damage to the above mentioned elements.
Fluid flow from either the atmosphere 26 of the second fluid supply 28 (the atmosphere may be considered as the second fluid supply) to the vacuum 31 will be referred to in this specification as backflow 30 (see Fig. 1). It is desired to limit this backflow as much as possible. A third fluid supply 32 is in fluid communication with the first chamber 22 intermediate the first fluid supply 20 and the second fluid supply 28. The third fluid supply 32 acts to create a pressure cushion which limits the backflow 30.
It is envisioned that the third fluid supply 32 may be applied at several different locations to be effective. Figure 2 illustrates the application of the third fluid supply 32, which may be ambient or pressurized air supply, to the outside of the nozzle stem 18. The left half of the Figure 3 illustrates the application of the third fluid supply through the nozzle head 16. Finally, the right half of Figure 3 illustrates the third fluid supply 32 being applied through
the nozzle stem 18 itseif. Either of these embodiments will limit the above mentioned backflow 30. Each of these embodiments may be used in combination with different embodiments.
The third fluid supply 32 may also include a vent 34 to the atmosphere 26. Alternatively, the third fluid supply 32 could communicate with a high pressure source 36.
Reduced throat 38 formed in member 39 may be used in either the abrasive or the non-abrasive systems, to restrict the backflow 30. The reduced throat 38 may provide a barrier between the first chamber 22 and the atmosphere 26, or it may separate the first chamber 22 from a second chamber 40. In all the above mentioned embodiments, passage of the fluid jet 23 is permitted while the backflow 30 is limited.
Using both the reduced throat 38 and the third fluid supply 32 will more effectively reduce the backflow 30 than using either backflow limiter alone. This results from the modifying the flow conditions at the first chamber 22 (see Fig.2), while maintaining a desirable vacuum in the second chamber 40. Since hardly any vacuum exists in the first chamber relative to the second chamber, virtually all fluid in the second fluid supply 28, which is typically an abrasive feed source, will ne diverted in the same direction as the fluid from the first fluid supply 20.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply which supplies a first fluid, applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber; a second fluid supply which supplies a second fluid, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply; and flow limiting means for limiting flow of the second fluid supply to the first fluid chamber.
2. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the flow limiting means includes a third fluid supply applied to the first chamber, located intermediate said first and second fluid supplies.
3. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the flow limiting means is a throat formed in a member, which a fluid jet applied by the first fluid supply passes through, between said second and third fluid supplies.
4. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply, which supplies a first fluid, being applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber;
a second fluid supply, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply; and a third fluid supply applied to the first chamber, located intermediate said first and second fluid supplies.
5. The apparatus as described in claim 4, wherein the nozzle assembly includes a nozzle head and a nozzle stem.
6. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is applied outside of the nozzle stem.
7. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle stem.
8. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle stem.
9. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is in fluid communication with the atmosphere.
10. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is in fluid communication with a pressure source.
11. The apparatus as described in claim 4, further comprising: a throat formed in a member, which a fluid jet applied by the first fluid supply passes through, between said second and third supplies.
12. The apparatus as described in claim 4, further comprising: a second chamber, in fluid communication with said first chamber, which the second contains abrasive particles.
13. The apparatus as described in claim 12, wherein the second fluid supply contains abrasive particles.
14. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply, which supplies a first fluid, being applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber, wherein the first fluid exiting the orifice has a tendency to create a vacuum gradient in the first chamber; a second fluid supply which supplies a second fluid, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply, wherein a backflow has a tendency to be created by the second fluid flowing to the vacuum; and a third fluid supply applied to the first chamber, located intermediate said first and second fluid supplies for limiting said backflow.
15. The apparatus as described in claim 14, wherein the nozzle assembly includes a nozzle head and a nozzle stem.
16. The apparatus as described in claim 15, wherein the third fluid supply is applied outside of the nozzle head.
17. The apparatus as described in claim 15, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle head.
18. The apparatus as described in claim 15, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle stem.
19. The apparatus as described in claim 14, wherein the second fluid supply contains abrasive particles.
20. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply which supplies a first fluid, being applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber; a second fluid supply which supplies a second fluid, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply; and a third fluid supply means creating a fluid cushion in the first chamber, located intermediate said first cushion in the first chamber, located intermediate said first and second fluid supplies, for restricting flow of the second fluid to the first chamber.
21. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply, which supplies a first fluid, being applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber; a second fluid supply, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply; and a throat formed in a member, which fluid jet applied by the first fluid supply passes through, between said second and third fluid supplies.
AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the Internationεl Bureau on 9 October 1992 (09.10.92); original claims 2-4 deleted; original claims 1,11,12 and 14 amended; remaining claims unchanged (4 pages)]
1. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply which supplies a first fluid to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber, said first fluid passing through the nozzle into the first chamber is capable of creating a partial vacuum in the first chamber; a second fluid supply which supplies a second fluid, the second fluid supply being located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply; and flow limiting means, consisting of a third fluid supply which supplies a third fluid and is located intermediate said first fluid supply and said second fluid supply for limiting disruption of said first fluid entering the first chamber by substantially equalizing the partial vacuum thereby reducing flow of said third fluid into said first chamber.
5. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the nozzle assembly includes a nozzle head and a nozzle stem.
6. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is applied outside of the nozzle stem.
7. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle stem.
8. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle stem.
9. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is in fluid communication with the atmosphere.
10. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein the third fluid supply is in fluid communication with a pressure source.
11. The apparatus as described in claim 1, further comprising: a throat formed in a member, which a fluid jet applied by the first fluid supply passes through, between said second and third supplies.
12. The apparatus as described in claim 1, further comprising: a second chamber, in fluid communication with said first chamber, which the second contains abrasive particles.
13. The apparatus as described in claim 12, wherein the second fluid supply contains abrasive particles.
14. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply, which supplies a first fluid, being applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice and exits downstream into the first chamber, wherein the first fluid exiting the orifice has a tendency to create a vacuum gradient in the first chamber; a second fluid supply which supplies a second fluid, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply, wherein a backflow has a tendency to be created by said second fluid flowing into the first chamber by said vacuum; and a third fluid supply, which supplies a third fluid, the third fluid being applied intermediate said first and second fluid supplies for, limiting said backflow by substantially equalizing said vacuum gradient.
15. The apparatus as described in claim 14, wherein the nozzle assembly includes a nozzle head and a nozzle stem.
16. The apparatus as described in claim 15, wherein the third fluid supply is applied outside of the nozzle head.
17. The apparatus as described in claim 15, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle head.
18. The apparatus as described in claim 15, wherein the third fluid supply is applied through the nozzle stem.
19. The apparatus as described in claim 14, wherein the second fluid supply contains abrasive particles.
20. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice; a first fluid supply which supplies a first fluid, being applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber; a second fluid supply which supplies a second fluid, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply; and a third fluid supply means creating a fluid cushion in the first chamber, located intermediate said first cushion in the first chamber, located intermediate said first and second fluid supplies, for restricting flow of the second fluid to the first chamber.
21. An apparatus comprising: a nozzle assembly including a nozzle orifice; a first chamber adjacent and immediately downstream of the nozzle orifice;
a first fluid supply, which supplies a first fluid, being applied to the nozzle assembly wherein the first fluid passes through the orifice, and exits downstream into the first chamber; a second fluid supply, located downstream of said first fluid supply and in fluid communication with the first fluid supply; and a throat formed in a member, which fluid jet applied by the first fluid supply passes through, between said second and third fluid supplies.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69062291A | 1991-04-24 | 1991-04-24 | |
| US690,622 | 1991-04-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992019384A1 true WO1992019384A1 (en) | 1992-11-12 |
Family
ID=24773223
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1992/003466 Ceased WO1992019384A1 (en) | 1991-04-24 | 1992-04-24 | Reverse flow limiter for fluid jet nozzle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1992019384A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0682149A3 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1996-05-15 | Roberit Ag | Two components spray device for marking roads. |
| JP2007313626A (en) * | 2006-05-29 | 2007-12-06 | Shibuya Kogyo Co Ltd | High-pressure water jetting nozzle |
| EP1908550A2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2008-04-09 | Flow International Corporation | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
| US7464630B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2008-12-16 | Flow International Corporation | Apparatus for generating and manipulating a high-pressure fluid jet |
| US7547292B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2009-06-16 | Powderject Research Limited | Needleless syringe |
| WO2009158061A1 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-30 | Flow International Corporation | Vented cutting head body for abrasive jet system |
| US7934977B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2011-05-03 | Flow International Corporation | Fluid system and method for thin kerf cutting and in-situ recycling |
| US9044546B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2015-06-02 | Powder Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Particle cassettes and processes therefor |
| EP3572186A1 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-27 | PTV, spol. s.r.o. | Abrasive heads with clean gas infeed |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3055149A (en) * | 1959-03-23 | 1962-09-25 | Simpson Herbert Corp | Sand blast gun |
| EP0391500A2 (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-10 | Flow International Corporation | Abrasivejet nozzle assembly for small hole drilling and thin kerf cutting |
-
1992
- 1992-04-24 WO PCT/US1992/003466 patent/WO1992019384A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3055149A (en) * | 1959-03-23 | 1962-09-25 | Simpson Herbert Corp | Sand blast gun |
| EP0391500A2 (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-10 | Flow International Corporation | Abrasivejet nozzle assembly for small hole drilling and thin kerf cutting |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0682149A3 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1996-05-15 | Roberit Ag | Two components spray device for marking roads. |
| USRE43824E1 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2012-11-20 | Powder Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Needleless syringe |
| US7547292B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2009-06-16 | Powderject Research Limited | Needleless syringe |
| EP1908550A3 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2008-06-11 | Flow International Corporation | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
| US7464630B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2008-12-16 | Flow International Corporation | Apparatus for generating and manipulating a high-pressure fluid jet |
| EP1908550A2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2008-04-09 | Flow International Corporation | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
| EP1908551A3 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2008-06-11 | Flow International Corporation | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
| US7703363B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2010-04-27 | Flow International Corporation | Apparatus for generating and manipulating a high-pressure fluid jet |
| JP2007313626A (en) * | 2006-05-29 | 2007-12-06 | Shibuya Kogyo Co Ltd | High-pressure water jetting nozzle |
| US7934977B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2011-05-03 | Flow International Corporation | Fluid system and method for thin kerf cutting and in-situ recycling |
| US8147293B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2012-04-03 | Flow International Corporation | Fluid system and method for thin kerf cutting and in-situ recycling |
| US9044546B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2015-06-02 | Powder Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Particle cassettes and processes therefor |
| US9358338B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2016-06-07 | Powder Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Particle cassettes and processes therefor |
| WO2009158061A1 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-30 | Flow International Corporation | Vented cutting head body for abrasive jet system |
| CN102066054B (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2013-08-28 | Flow国际公司 | Vented cutting head body for abrasive jet system |
| US8210908B2 (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2012-07-03 | Flow International Corporation | Vented cutting head body for abrasive jet system |
| EP3572186A1 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-27 | PTV, spol. s.r.o. | Abrasive heads with clean gas infeed |
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