[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1992019160A1 - Methode et appareil pour la detection de la neuropathie optique - Google Patents

Methode et appareil pour la detection de la neuropathie optique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992019160A1
WO1992019160A1 PCT/US1992/003213 US9203213W WO9219160A1 WO 1992019160 A1 WO1992019160 A1 WO 1992019160A1 US 9203213 W US9203213 W US 9203213W WO 9219160 A1 WO9219160 A1 WO 9219160A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grating patterns
series
patient
degrees
sinusoidal grating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1992/003213
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ivan Bodis-Wollner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1992019160A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992019160A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/024—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for determining the visual field, e.g. perimeter types

Definitions

  • This application relates to a method and apparatus for the detection of optic neuropathy, particularly detection of glaucoma, brain tumors affecting the optic nervous system and other optic nerve diseases.
  • the method and apparatus exploit the differential ability of normal and optic neuropathy patients to detect paracentrally presented sinusoidal grating patterns truncated at different diameters by a Gaussian aperture.
  • Sinusoidal grating patterns have been used as part of various test methods for testing foveal vision.
  • the grating pattern appears as a series of bars, the spacing of which depends on the freguency of the sine wave employed to generate the pattern.
  • a generally circular outline is established by truncating the pattern with a Gaussian aperture.
  • Foveal vision tests are in many cases inadequate for detecting the early signs of glaucoma, brain tumors and other optic nerve diseases.
  • the damage to the optic nerve is diffuse, or may occur in only certain types of neurons rather than being concentrated in individual bundles of the optic nerve. Because of this, discrete field defects may not be detected.
  • sinusoidal grating patterns can be employed paracentrally (parafoveally) to detect optic neuropathy in a patient.
  • the patient is presented with a series of sinusoidal gratings truncated at varying diameters in each quadrant of the visual field (superior nasal, inferior nasal, superior temporal, inferior temporal) .
  • the patient fixates on a central point and identifies the point in the series at which he can see the patterns.
  • Comparison of the diameter at which the patient can first perceive the pattern with a standard value provides an indication of not only the existence of optic neuropathy but also the magnitude of the damage.
  • the invention is advantageously practiced with the aid of an optical display system which is adapted to present a series of diagnostic images to the patient.
  • Each diagnostic image advantageously consists of a centrally located fixation point and four or more truncated sinusoidal grating patterns symmetrically disposed about the fixation point.
  • the optical display system may take the form of a plurality of cards, each having a diagnostic image disposed thereon, or may be in the form of transparencies, video tape or other display means capable of producing a consistent image.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show diagnostic images in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a graph of contrast sensitivity as a function of aperture size for 7 normal individuals
  • Fig. 4 shows a graph of contrast sensitivity as a function of aperture size for 1 normal individual
  • Fig 5. shows a graph of contrast sensitivity as a function of aperture size for 1 patient with optical neuropathy
  • Fig 6. shows a graph of contrast sensitivity as a function of aperture size for 1 patient with optical neuropathy.
  • Grating patterns may be defined in terms of the spatial frequency, i.e., the number of dark and bright bands subtending 1 degree of visual angle at the observers eye; and the spatial contrast C which is given by the equation
  • ___ compost.,. and L-j. are the maximum and minimum luminance.
  • the ' diameter of the grating pattern can be described in terms of the diameter of a Gaussian aperture which is used to truncate the grating pattern.
  • Gratings useful in the present invention are those which have spatial frequencies of 0.5 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 cycles/deg; contrasts of 1% to 90%, preferably 2% to 60%; and diameters of from 1 to 16 degrees of visual angle, preferably 1 to 8 degrees. It will be understood that the spatial frequency and diameter of the spot do not fall within a specific absolute range since they depend on the intended distance between the eye of the patient and the grating being observed. Exemplary specific numbers, however, are indicative of the types of values considered appropriate. For example, if the patient is 30 cm from the diagnostic image, a pattern with a diameter of from 0.5 to 4 cm will span the range from 1 to 8 degrees of visual angle, and these spots may include from 1 to 48 bars. As will be recognized by the person skilled in the art, the grating patterns used in the invention thus coincide to what are commonly referred to a "Gabor patches.”
  • the grating patterns may be formed of black and white bars, or they may be colored (for example red and green or blue and yellow) .
  • the results observed with black and white versus color patterns may be different, for example, if a patient has lost luminance processing as opposed to color processing ability.
  • the grating pattern is presented to the patient in each quadrant of the visual field, with the peak contrast of the pattern being located from 2 to 40 degrees, preferably 4 degrees of visual angle from the fixation point.
  • the patient, with one eye blocked may be shown a single series of grating patterns, all with the same contrast, and asked to identify what he sees in each quadrant.
  • Control or "catch" cards with only three quadrants filled in or with the pattern in one quadrant different in contrast from the remaining patterns may be included in the series without departing from the scope of the invention. It has been found that the ability to perceive the grating pattern has a basically sigmoidal relationship to the size of the aperture. For spational frequency of 1 cycle/degree, this sigmoidal curve is centered (semi-saturation constant) at a diameter corresponding to an aperture size of about 4.5 degrees for normal individuals. For individuals with diagnosed glaucoma, the value is higher, about 7.7 degrees on average. In normal individuals, the standard deviation on the measurements appears to be about 0.6 degrees and this figure provides an appropriate measure of the difference in aperture between adjacent members of the series. These standard values can be used to check an individual for signs of optic neuropathy by presenting a series of grating patterns, having a constant contrast and spatial frequency but varying diameter.
  • each member of the series is a diagnostic image comprising a central fixation point and at least four grating patterns disposed symmetrically about the fixation point.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 The patient is asked to view the diagnostic image and state whether he can see the patterns. By comparing the diameter of the smallest grating where the pattern can be perceived with the established standard for that set of gratings, the existence of optic neuropathy can be assessed.
  • the patient is exposed to two or more series of diagnostic images, the series differing in the contrast of the images presented.
  • monocular contrast sensitivity (CS) for each quadrant can be determined.
  • Contrast sensitivity is defined as the reciprocal of the contrast threshold, where contrast threshold is the lowest level of contrast at which a pattern with a guren spatial frequency and diameter can be detected. Contrast sensitivity also follows a sigmoidal relationship as a function of aperture size in normal patients. (See Figs. 3 and 4) Observed contrast sensitivity as a function of aperture size in patients diagnosed as having glaucoma, (Fig. 5) and suspected of having glaucoma (Fig. 6) may have a less well defined sigmoidal relationship, but also has a semisaturation constant which is much greater. Again, comparison of the patient value for the semisaturation constant with a standard is diagnostic of the presence or absence of optic neuropathy.
  • monocular CS as a function of aperture could be described as an S-shaped curve.
  • Abnormal CS function can be grouped as (a) a shift of the function to the right without a slope change or (b) a shift and a slope change. In some patients with apparently intact visual field quadrants, a shift of function without a change in slope was observed.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

On présente à un patient une série de grilles sinusoïdales tronquées à divers diamètres de chaque quadrant du champ visuel (supérieur nasal, inférieur nasal, supérieur temporal, inférieur temporal). Le patient fixe un point central et identifie le point de la série auquel il voit les motifs. La comparaison du diamètre auquel le patient commence à percevoir le motif avec une valeur standard permet d'indiquer non seulement s'il existe une neuropathie optique mais également sa gravité.
PCT/US1992/003213 1991-04-29 1992-04-20 Methode et appareil pour la detection de la neuropathie optique Ceased WO1992019160A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69289191A 1991-04-29 1991-04-29
US692,891 1991-04-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992019160A1 true WO1992019160A1 (fr) 1992-11-12

Family

ID=24782477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1992/003213 Ceased WO1992019160A1 (fr) 1991-04-29 1992-04-20 Methode et appareil pour la detection de la neuropathie optique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1992019160A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102686146A (zh) * 2009-07-09 2012-09-19 耐克国际有限公司 使用环形对比区的对比灵敏度测试和/或训练

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4146311A (en) * 1977-05-09 1979-03-27 Synemed, Inc. Automatic visual field mapping apparatus
US4368959A (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-01-18 Amato Robert J D Apparatus for and method of testing vision
US4493539A (en) * 1982-06-30 1985-01-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Method and apparatus for objective determination of visual contrast sensitivity functions

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4146311A (en) * 1977-05-09 1979-03-27 Synemed, Inc. Automatic visual field mapping apparatus
US4368959A (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-01-18 Amato Robert J D Apparatus for and method of testing vision
US4493539A (en) * 1982-06-30 1985-01-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Method and apparatus for objective determination of visual contrast sensitivity functions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102686146A (zh) * 2009-07-09 2012-09-19 耐克国际有限公司 使用环形对比区的对比灵敏度测试和/或训练

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5176147A (en) Method and apparatus for detecting optic neuropathy
Hess et al. The" motion-blind" patient: low-level spatial and temporal filters
EP2988655B1 (fr) Test de la vision périmétrique avec intégration des contours
Birch et al. New method based on random luminance masking for measuring isochromatic zones using high resolution colour displays
US5500699A (en) Spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity test chart and protocol
KR20020013547A (ko) 컬러 주파수 배가를 이용한 시력 검사
Alexander et al. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity for individual Sloan letters
Kitterle et al. Hemispheric symmetry in contrast and orientation sensitivity
US4412729A (en) Vision testing device
Conlon et al. Visual discomfort: the influence of spatial frequency
US4737024A (en) Perimetric method and apparatus
Flanagan et al. Chromatic and luminance losses with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis measured using dynamic random luminance contrast noise
Ventura Foveal metacontrast: I. Criterion content and practice effects.
Barbur et al. Colour vision testing using spatiotemporal luminance masking: psychophysical and pupillometric methods
Wehrhahn et al. Patterns that impair discrimination of line orientation in human vision
Uhlarik et al. Color aftereffects contingent on perceptual organization
Zanker et al. How to tell circles from ellipses: perceiving the regularity of simple shapes
WO1992019160A1 (fr) Methode et appareil pour la detection de la neuropathie optique
US5187507A (en) Method of and apparatus for diagnosing peripheral field defects and other peripheral retinal damage
Saarinen Perception of positional relationships between line segments in eccentric vision
Legge et al. Contrast sensitivity function as a screening test: a critique
Flanagan et al. Spatio‐temporal selectivity of loss of colour and luminance contrast sensitivity with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis
JP2008508010A (ja) ヒトの視覚のコントラスト感度を測定するための装置と方法
WO2016181099A1 (fr) Essai de dispositif de vision nocturne
Tyler The symmetry magnification function varies with detection task

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): JP

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU MC NL SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase