WO1992011959A1 - A cooling roll - Google Patents
A cooling roll Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992011959A1 WO1992011959A1 PCT/GB1992/000008 GB9200008W WO9211959A1 WO 1992011959 A1 WO1992011959 A1 WO 1992011959A1 GB 9200008 W GB9200008 W GB 9200008W WO 9211959 A1 WO9211959 A1 WO 9211959A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- roll
- arbor
- passage
- liquid coolant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
- F28F5/02—Rotary drums or rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
- B21B27/06—Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls
- B21B27/08—Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls internally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/068—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces
- B22D11/0682—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces by cooling the casting wheel
Definitions
- This invention relates to a roll suitable for transferring heat between the roll and the material in contact with it.
- a particular, but not sole, application of the invention is to a roll suitable for use in a two-roll strip caster.
- a strip caster usually consists of a pair of rolls, arranged side-by-side with their axes of rotation horizontal, and which are spaced apart to provide a gap between them.
- the ends of the roll barrels can be provided with dams to form a space above the roll gap into which molten metal is poured.
- the rolls are usually liquid cooled to absorb heat from the molten metal which come into contact with them and form solidified skins which thicken as the rolls rotate. As the rolls are rotated they force the solidified skins of metal together and through the gap between the rolls to form a continuous metal strip.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved roll construction which permits greater throughput together with a stable roll design, which can readily be refurbished at the end of its useful life.
- a roll suitable for use in a two-roll caster comprises a rotatable arbor; an annular sleeve shrunk onto the arbor to serve as the roll barrel, said sleeve having at least one internal passage for the flow of liquid coolant there along, and wherein in use, liquid coolant flowing along the passage(s) serves to form a theraal barrier in the sleeve located between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve and the interface between the sleeve and the arbor; and ducts in the arbor in communication with the internal passage(s) in the sleeve to permit the liquid coolant to flow to and from the passage(s) and the exterior of the roll.
- the sleeve may be provided with a plurality of internal passages each extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the arbor. These passages may be formed by boring holes along the axis of the sleeve. Alternatively, there may be a plurality of internal passages extending around the sleeve and coaxial with the periphery thereof.
- the part of the roll which contacts the molten material In order to absorb as much heat as possible from the molten material, it is necessary for the part of the roll which contacts the molten material to be of a high conductivity metal, such as steel, copper, or any of their alloys.
- the surface of the high conductivity metal may be covered with a protective surface layer, which for example could be a stainless steel with good thermal fatigue properties or a nickel or nickel/chrome layer or a metal matrix composite layer such as tungsten carbide/cobalt alloy or chrome carbide/nickel-chrome composite.
- a protective surface layer which for example could be a stainless steel with good thermal fatigue properties or a nickel or nickel/chrome layer or a metal matrix composite layer such as tungsten carbide/cobalt alloy or chrome carbide/nickel-chrome composite.
- the sleeve may be removed from the arbor by externally heating to expand the sleeve whilst omitting all sleeve cooling.
- the sleeve could then be refurbished prior to re-assembly.
- the sleeve serves as the roll barrel and, since an external force can be exerted upon it, there has to be a shrink fit between the sleeve and the arbor to prevent it rotating around the arbor.
- the temperature of the sleeve relative to that of the arbor is not such that will cause differential expansion between the arbor and the sleeve so as to remove the interface joint between them.
- a thermal barrier to be located between the outer surface of the sleeve and the interface between sleeve and the arbor, a limited minimum amount of the heat applied to the outer surface of the sleeve penetrates to the interface between the sleeve and the arbor.
- the liquid cooled sleeve efficiently removes heat from the outer surface of the sleeve thereby permitting rapid cooling of the material which is in contact with it.
- the interference fit between the sleeve and the arbor provides a tensile stress in the sleeve which helps to negate the thermally induced compressive stresses.
- Figure 1 is a view, partly in section, of a cooling roll in accordance with the present invention
- Figure 2 shows to an enlarged scale the part of the roll within the broken lines of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of an alternative cooling roll also in accordance with the invention.
- a roll suitable for use in a metal caster comprises an elongate arbor 1 having cylindrical portions 3 adjacent each end for receiving bearing assemblies (not shown) . Substantially at the centre of the arbor there is a cylindrical surface 5 on to which an annular copper-alloy sleeve 7 is shrunk. At one end of the surface 5 there is an annular rib 9 which is integral with the arbor. An annular recess 10 is formed in the adjacent end wall 11 of the sleeve and a plurality of fitted bolts (not shown) extend through the rib into the sleeve 11 to provide additional securement for the sleeve on to the arbor. The recess 10 is closed off by an annular ring 12 which is secured to the rib 9 by a plurality of bolts 13.
- An axial bore 15 extends into the arbor 1 from the non-drive end 16.
- a pair of annular channels 17A, 17B are formed in the surface 5 of the arbor beneath the sleeve 7.
- a plurality of radial bores 19 extend from the channel 17A to the bore 15 and, similarly, a plurality of radial bores 21 extend from the channel 17B to the bore 15.
- the two channels 22, 23 are connected by a multiplicity of passages 25 which extend between them in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the arbor 1.
- the passages 25 are spaced apart around the entire annular sleeve.
- the channel 22 is connected to the channel 17B by a bore 27 within the sleeve and, similarly, the channel 23 is connected to the channel 17A by an internal bore 28.
- the channels 22, 23 are closed off by cover plates 29 which may be of the same material as the sleeve 7 and fixed in position by any convenient means such as welding along lines 30.
- a tube 34 with a central enlarged outer diameter and seal 35 is located within bore 15 and provides a barrier between two annular areas 17A and 17B one of which communicates with radial bores 19 and the other communicates with radial bores 21 for the passage of outgoing and incoming liquid coolant.
- liquid coolant usually water
- water is passed along the space between the tube 34 the bore 15 and into each of the bores 19 where it flows to the channel 17A at the interface between the sleeve and the arbor.
- the water then flows along the bore 28 to the channel 23 extending around the adjacent end face of the sleeve.
- the water flows through the multiplicity of bores 25 to the channel 22 in the end face 11 of the sleeve.
- the water flowing through the passageways 25 cools the adjacent parts of the sleeve and, consequently, a cooled zone extends around the sleeve in the vicinity of the passageways.
- This cooled zone serves as a barrier which reduces the flow of heat from the outer surface of the sleeve to the interface between the sleeve and the arbor, thus preventing the temperature of the sleeve in the vicinity of the interface with the arbor from rising to a level where the shrink fit interface between the sleeve and the arbor is destroyed.
- the cooled zone serves to cool the outer surface of the sleeve thereby causing metal to solidify in contact with the surface.
- the coolant may be made to flow in the reverse route to that described previously.
- a rotary coupling
- An annular seal 33 is located at each end of and between the sleeve and the arbor to prevent leakage of coolant from between the arbor and the sleeve. These seals can be fitted after assembly of the sleeve which will aid maintenance in the event of failure as well as negate the requirement to assemble the seals prior to the shrink fitting of the sleeve 7 on to the arbor 1.
- the sleeve can have a hard facing layer 31 on its outer periphery.
- This layer may comprise of chrome on nickel or stainless steel or a metal matrix composite such as tungsten carbide/cobalt alloy or chrome carbide/nickel-chrome composite.
- the barrel ends of sleeve 7 also can have similar hard facing layer 32.
- Figure 3 shows sleeve 35 formed by welding or otherwise suitably joining together two separate sleeves 35a, 35b at joints 36. Coolant enters the arbor 38 along a hole 39 and then passes via radial bores 40 to a slot 41.
- the cooling water passes through a series of radial holes 42 to circumferential grooves 43 where it splits into two directions to pass circumferentially around the sleeve until the two flows unite to exit by a second series of radial holes 44.
- the cooling water passes from radial holes 44 to a second slot 45 which is connected to the outlet hole 46 in the arbor 38 by radial bores 47.
- Figure 3 also shows an alternative method of providing the rib 9 shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the rib is formed by fixing a disc 48 to the arbor 38 with bolts 49.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92902452A EP0565586B1 (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1992-01-03 | A cooling roll |
| DE69225131T DE69225131T2 (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1992-01-03 | COOLING ROLLER |
| KR1019930702018A KR100229977B1 (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1992-01-03 | Cooling roll |
| JP4502164A JPH06507121A (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1992-01-03 | cooling roll |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919100151A GB9100151D0 (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1991-01-04 | Strip caster roll |
| GB9100151.1 | 1991-01-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992011959A1 true WO1992011959A1 (en) | 1992-07-23 |
Family
ID=10687966
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1992/000008 Ceased WO1992011959A1 (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1992-01-03 | A cooling roll |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0565586B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06507121A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100229977B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE165028T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2099884A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69225131T2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9100151D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992011959A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5469909A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-11-28 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same |
| EP0687515A1 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-20 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same |
| EP0694356A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-01-31 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Method and apparatus for correcting the crown of the rolls in continuous casting of metal strips |
| US5531659A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1996-07-02 | Kanto Special Steel Works, Ltd. | Roll caster shell for use in a continuous sheet casting machine |
| FR2729317A1 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-07-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | CASTING ROLLS FOR THE CASTING OF A METAL STRIP |
| GB2324488A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-10-28 | Kvaerner Tech & Res Ltd | A casting roll with an interference fit between its inner core and outer shell |
| CN1051262C (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 2000-04-12 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Cooling cylinder in continous casting apparatus and method producing same |
| WO2001024958A1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-12 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Continuous casting roll for metal strip comprising a cooling circuit |
| GB2327630B (en) * | 1997-07-30 | 2002-07-10 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Twin roll casting |
| RU2226447C2 (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2004-04-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Ново-Краматорский машиностроительный завод" | Cooled roller |
| WO2007012113A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | Castrip, Llc | Twin roll caster, and equipment and method for operating the same |
| WO2007056801A1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-24 | Ihi Corporation | Twin roll caster, and equipment and method for operating the same |
| CN113430754A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-24 | 福建福田纺织印染科技有限公司 | Production process for improving crease of knitted fabric |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10500519A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1998-01-13 | シーラス ロジック, インコーポレイテッド | Table driving method and apparatus for automatic split field processing |
| CH690903A5 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-02-28 | Main Man Inspiration Ag | The strip casting machine with two casting rolls. |
| KR100648232B1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-11-23 | 주식회사 동방플랜텍 | Cooling Structure of Guide Roller for Steel Making Facilities |
| KR100784150B1 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | Compacted body manufacturing apparatus and molten iron manufacturing apparatus provided with the same |
| CN116197240B (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-08-15 | 浙江豪环新材料有限公司 | Processing technology and rolling mill for high-performance steel |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4019846A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1977-04-26 | Wean United, Inc. | Rolls in a briquetting machine or like machines |
| DE3116055A1 (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1982-02-11 | Kubota Ltd., Osaka | Roll for high-temperature applications |
| EP0098968A1 (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-01-25 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Two piece casting wheel |
| DE3839110A1 (en) * | 1987-11-19 | 1989-06-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Duo-roll continuous casting installation |
| EP0428464B1 (en) * | 1989-11-16 | 1996-01-03 | USINOR SACILOR Société Anonyme | Cylinder for single-roll or twin-roll continuous caster |
-
1991
- 1991-01-04 GB GB919100151A patent/GB9100151D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-01-03 AT AT92902452T patent/ATE165028T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-03 CA CA002099884A patent/CA2099884A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-01-03 DE DE69225131T patent/DE69225131T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-03 WO PCT/GB1992/000008 patent/WO1992011959A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-01-03 EP EP92902452A patent/EP0565586B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 KR KR1019930702018A patent/KR100229977B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-03 JP JP4502164A patent/JPH06507121A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4019846A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1977-04-26 | Wean United, Inc. | Rolls in a briquetting machine or like machines |
| DE3116055A1 (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1982-02-11 | Kubota Ltd., Osaka | Roll for high-temperature applications |
| EP0098968A1 (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-01-25 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Two piece casting wheel |
| DE3839110A1 (en) * | 1987-11-19 | 1989-06-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Duo-roll continuous casting installation |
| EP0428464B1 (en) * | 1989-11-16 | 1996-01-03 | USINOR SACILOR Société Anonyme | Cylinder for single-roll or twin-roll continuous caster |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5588582A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1996-12-31 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing a cooling drum for a continuous casting system |
| US5469909A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-11-28 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same |
| US5531659A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1996-07-02 | Kanto Special Steel Works, Ltd. | Roll caster shell for use in a continuous sheet casting machine |
| EP0687515A1 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-20 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN1051262C (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 2000-04-12 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Cooling cylinder in continous casting apparatus and method producing same |
| EP0694356A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-01-31 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Method and apparatus for correcting the crown of the rolls in continuous casting of metal strips |
| FR2723014A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-02 | Pechiney Rhenalu | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CORRECTING THE OVALIZATION OF CONTINUOUS CASTING CYLINDERS OF METAL STRIP |
| US5642772A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1997-07-01 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Process and device for correcting the ovalization of rolls for the continuous casting of metal strip |
| FR2729317A1 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-07-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | CASTING ROLLS FOR THE CASTING OF A METAL STRIP |
| GB2324488A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-10-28 | Kvaerner Tech & Res Ltd | A casting roll with an interference fit between its inner core and outer shell |
| GB2327630B (en) * | 1997-07-30 | 2002-07-10 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Twin roll casting |
| WO2001024958A1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-12 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Continuous casting roll for metal strip comprising a cooling circuit |
| FR2799399A1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-13 | Pechiney Rhenalu | METAL BAND CONTINUOUS CASTING CYLINDER COMPRISING A COOLING CIRCUIT |
| RU2226447C2 (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2004-04-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Ново-Краматорский машиностроительный завод" | Cooled roller |
| WO2007012113A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | Castrip, Llc | Twin roll caster, and equipment and method for operating the same |
| US7594535B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2009-09-29 | Castrip, Llc | Twin roll caster, and equipment and method for operating the same |
| KR101345777B1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2014-01-02 | 카스트립 엘엘씨. | Twin roll caster, and equipment and method for operating the same |
| WO2007056801A1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-24 | Ihi Corporation | Twin roll caster, and equipment and method for operating the same |
| CN113430754A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-24 | 福建福田纺织印染科技有限公司 | Production process for improving crease of knitted fabric |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2099884A1 (en) | 1992-07-05 |
| KR100229977B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 |
| EP0565586B1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| GB9100151D0 (en) | 1991-02-20 |
| EP0565586A1 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
| ATE165028T1 (en) | 1998-05-15 |
| KR930703096A (en) | 1993-11-29 |
| DE69225131D1 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
| DE69225131T2 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
| JPH06507121A (en) | 1994-08-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0565586B1 (en) | A cooling roll | |
| US5651410A (en) | Cooling roll | |
| US7325586B2 (en) | Internally cooled billet guiding roller | |
| US7617862B2 (en) | Strand-guiding roller | |
| US4955433A (en) | Heating or cooling roller | |
| US6892793B2 (en) | Caster roll | |
| US5996680A (en) | Twin roll casting | |
| JPH07121440B2 (en) | Twin roll type continuous casting machine | |
| US5279535A (en) | Internally cooled roller | |
| US5370530A (en) | Rolls for high temperature roller hearth furnaces | |
| EP0642652A1 (en) | Rolls for high temperature roller hearth furnaces | |
| CA2269370C (en) | Casting steel strip | |
| FI101686B (en) | Casting roll for a continuous casting plant with one roll or between two rolls | |
| US6619375B2 (en) | Casting roll | |
| EP1909993B1 (en) | Twin roll caster, and equipment and method for operating the same | |
| SK282078B6 (en) | Casting cylinder of continuous casting apparatus with one or two cylinders | |
| MXPA97001464A (en) | Cylinder of colada of a installation of coladacontinua on one and between two cilind | |
| GB2316639A (en) | Cooling continuously cast metal strip | |
| AU738831B2 (en) | Twin roll casting | |
| AU659364B1 (en) | Cooling drum for a continuous casting system and method for manufacturing the same | |
| JPH0428466B2 (en) | ||
| KR20130075277A (en) | Guide roller assembly of continuous casting apparatus | |
| JPH05253649A (en) | Cooling roll for twin roll type strip continuous casting | |
| AU2377999A (en) | Casting steel strip |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP KR US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU MC NL SE |
|
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1019930702018 Country of ref document: KR |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2099884 Country of ref document: CA |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1992902452 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1992902452 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 1995 87727 Country of ref document: US Date of ref document: 19950112 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 1996 674085 Country of ref document: US Date of ref document: 19960701 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1992902452 Country of ref document: EP |