WO1992003360A1 - Process for combatting pollution of the environment caused by refuse material, its application in the collection of recyclable refuse material and device for carrying out said process - Google Patents

Abstract

Collection units for depositing refuse material (19a) are provided for the public in a manner known per se, said units having means of access in the form of an opening (4a). According to the invention, said units are provided with: (a) means (4a, 25, 26, 27, 28) for identifying, at least roughly, a refuse article placed by, or introduced into said opening; (b) means (24) for conveying the refuse article beyond the opening and (c) means (33) for issuing proof of deposit (22a), such as a gift voucher, controlled by said identification means optionally combined with said conveying means.

Description

Process for combating environmental pollution by waste, application of this process to the recovery of recyclable waste and device for implementing this process. waste, the application of this process to the recovery of recyclable waste, and a device for implementing this process. Despite the cleanliness and environmental protection campaigns, and despite the establishment of increasingly numerous waste collection units available to the public, it is clear that public places, in particular in In the vicinity of shops distributing "take-out" food products, they are increasingly dirty. The phenomenon does not spare theaters whose very floors, after a session, are littered with various small pieces of waste (sticks and bags of ice cream, candy wrappers, tickets, etc.), nor for example racetracks. where used bet tickets more often end up on lawns than in wastepaper baskets.

This results in a general ugliness of the environment, an impairment of hygiene in the case of food waste (chicken bones, for example) and a considerable cleaning budget.

It would therefore be desirable to encourage the part of the public which is responsible for this situation, and absolutely insensitive to the interest of the community, to nevertheless use the waste collection units, and to do so that this part of the public finds there his personal and immediate interest.

This is the aim of the invention, which is achieved in the sense that it proposes a method which consists in providing said units, on the first hand, with means suitable for at least roughly identifying a scrap presented to , Where introduced into said access port, on the second hand, means for conveying said waste beyond the access port and, on the third hand, means suitable for issuing proof of deposit, such as a gift ticket , controlled by said identification means in possible combination with said conveyor means.

The function of the identification means is to prevent any object from being introduced into the collection unit and giving rise to proof of deposit. They will depend on the type of waste for which the collection unit is intended, which type is itself a function of the location of said unit. They may also depend on other objectives such as the collection of waste specific to their origin or nature, as will be seen below. The proof of deposit could be, for example, a fraction of free admission to a cinema or a racetrack, a reduction voucher on the purchase of a product of the same origin as that of the deposited waste, etc. .

In a first embodiment of the invention, the identification of the waste is done, at least partially, by comparison between a dimension of at least part of the waste and those of said access orifice. This type of identification prevents objects the size of which obviously does not correspond to the type of expected waste from being introduced into the collection unit.

In the case of consumable products giving waste of small thickness, such as those usually contaminating the floor of performance halls and betting tickets in racetracks, the method according to the invention proposes to attach, to the consumable product sold, a bag adapted to collect the packaging of said product and / or the waste resulting from the product after consumption, and it is characterized in that it consists in providing on said bag said proof of deposit and in providing the collection unit with means of separation, marking and

_ restitution of said proof of deposit, lesguels means act on the bag while it is introduced and / or conveyed into the collection unit.

It is understood that, in this case, it is a fragment of the bag which serves as proof of deposit. To avoid fraud, the sachet can be tear-proof by hand (non-woven sachet possibly with reinforcing fibers). The marking carried out by the collection unit may be a postage, a perforation or a characteristic trace left by the separation means and it will confirm that the proof of deposit has indeed been issued by the collection unit.

In the case of more voluminous rejects, such as metal cans having contained a drink, which in the following will be called "cans", or rectangular parallelepipedic cardboard packaging lined internally with a metal sheet, which in the following will be called " briquettes ", it is possible to dispense with the use of a collection bag and to proceed with more specific identifications. Thus, in such applications, the identification of the waste could consist of a recognition of a property of a material composing the waste, such as its mechanical or aqnétiσue character. It could also consist of a recognition of a standard section of the waste. The identification of the waste can be further specified by crossing the two pieces of information.

The identification can be further refined by reading the dominant color of the scrap and / or that of a bar code carried by the scrap. However, it may be sufficient for the identification to relate only to one characteristic if the objective is to recover a certain category of recyclable waste, for example agnetic waste.

In this case, according to the invention, the identification of the waste is done before sorting into recognized waste and

SUBSTITUTE SHEET accepted for collection in a main container and in unrecognized and diverted rejects to a secondary container, only accepted rejects being taken into account for the issuance of the proof of deposit. The invention extends its scope to devices for implementing the method according to the invention.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description which will follow, given with reference to the appended drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of the upper part of a collection unit according to the invention , suitable for collecting thin scrap, in a bag,

- Figures 2a-2c are schematic views from above of the operational part, or operational block, of the unit of figure 1, showing three phases of treatment of a bag of rejects with ejection of a proof of deposit,

- Figures 3a-3b are sections taken respectively along line III-III of Figures 2a-2c, - Figure 4 is a top view of the operational unit of a collection unit suitable for collecting cans,

- Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of Figure 4, - Figure 6 is a top view of the operational unit of a collection unit adapted to collect briquettes,

- Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of Figure 6, and - Figure 8 is a schematic sectional view of the operating unit of a collection and sorting unit for the recovery of rejects recyclable.

Referring to Figure 1, we see a waste collection unit, designated as a whole by 1, formed of a container 2 surmounted by an operational unit 3. This The latter has an access or introduction slot 4 for a bag of rejects, a deposit proof ejection slot 6 and a lateral actuating handle or crank 7. The width of the access slot 4 is too small for gue one can introduce the fingers.

As emerges from Figures 2a and 3a, the block 3 determines a path 8 for transporting the bag 19 of rejects, part of which consists of an endless conveyor 9 stretched over cylinders 10 and 11. The cylinder 10 bears against a drive cylinder 12 on the axis of rotation 13 duguel acts the crank 7. This drive cylinder 12 is, in fact, in two parts 12a and 12b between which is blocked a circular knife 14 with a corrugated blade 14a. Beyond the cylinders 10 and 12, the path 8 splits into an ejection path 15 following the cylinder 12a and a collection path 16 following the cylinder 12b. The ejection path 15 opens to the outside of the block 3 through the slot 6, while the collection path 16 ends between the cylinder 11 and a pressing cylinder 17, opposite, after having determined a ramp 18 of drawdown.

The operation of the device is as follows: a bag 19, printed with a mention "Good for ..." (or other) in the area immediately adjacent to its free edge, is introduced into the slot 4 with its free edge facing towards the crank 7 until it comes into abutment against the cylinders 10 and 12 (figures 2a and 3a). The actuation of the crank 7 drives said cylinder 12 in rotation, therefore the cylinder 10, the conveyor 9 and at the same time the cylinders 11 and 17. The rotation of the cylinders 10 and 12 engages the bag between them, which bag passes entirely into the slot 4 and is routed beyond said cylinders. In passing, the knife 14, which is blocked on the axis of rotation 13, turns at the same time as it cuts the bag 19 according to line 21. In doing so, the undulation of its edge 14a leaves

REPLACEMENT SHEET a characteristic mark on said line. The cut zone 22 forming proof of deposit is deflected along the ejection path 15 and emerges outside the block 3 through the slot 6. The zone 23 forming the new free edge of the bag 19 is, for its part, constrained to pass through. the ramp system 18 which folds it back on itself before it reaches the cylinders 11 and 17 (figures 2b and 3b). These cylinders have a pressing effect on the flap in order to mark the fold and to close the bag 19 before it is discharged by a suitable chute, not shown, in the container 2 (Figures 2c and 3c).

The simplicity and robustness of this structure make it suitable for placing in public places. Instead of a crank rotating one or more times through 360 °, one could have recourse, with an appropriate reduction, to a lever pivoting on an angle less than or equal to 180 °. In a protected place, the operation of the machine may be electric. Furthermore, the knife could have a non-corrugated blade, in which case the marking would be done using perforating or composting means provided along the ejection path 15.

The embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, in lesguelles we will use the same references gu'aux Figures l-3c to designate the same parts and the same references, but followed by the letter a to designate similar parts, suitable for the collection of cans of a certain brand having a dominant color.

To this end, instead of being slit-shaped, the access orifice 4a of the block 3a is circular, with a diameter very slightly greater than the diameter of the product (s) 19a whose collection is desired, in order to avoid gue rejects whose section has a dimension greater than the diameter of the orifice 4a can be introduced into the unit. Block 3a comprises a downpipe 24 which

SUBSTITUTE SHEET opens into the container 2. The length of this descent pipe are arranged a magnetic metal detector, consisting of an emitter 25 and a receiver 26, and two color readers 27 and 28. The emitter emits a field that receives the receiver, which records any disturbance of this field caused by the passing of a magnetic object. The color reader sends a light beam and receives in return the beam which is reflected to it by any object passing in front of it. It analyzes the reflected beam and, according to the observed absorption, determines whether the object is of the expected color or not.

There are two color detectors arranged at 90 ° to each other to ensure that the color read is not that of a point area, but indeed a dominant color. The output 29 of the receiver 26 supplies directly, or via an interface known per se, a logic level "1" (for example) when it observes that the scrap is magnetic and a logic level "O" if it is not. not.

Likewise, the output 30 and 31 of the color readers 27 and 28 provide directly, or via an interface known per se, a logic level "1" (for example) when they observe respectively that the reject is red and a loqic level. "O" if it isn't.

The outputs 29-31 are connected to a loqique control circuit 32, the output of which is connected by an interface (not shown) to a distributor 33 of proof of deposit 22a.

In a preferred embodiment, the loqique control circuit 32 is a read only memory whose address inputs el-e3 are connected to the outputs 29-31. This memory can be programmed as follows:

- if we have 111 as an input signal, the memory 32 sends to the distributor 33 the order to deliver a proof of deposit 22a through the slot 6a,

- for all other input signals 011: amaqnetic material with red as color dominant

001 or 010: non-magnetic material with a limited red area

110 or 101: magnetic material with a limited red area

000: material neither magnetic nor red the memory does not send any delivery order to the distributor.

It is of course that the device could include more color readers if one wants to increase the precision of the reading and that the types of detectors mentioned above, both as regards the aqnetic or amaqnétique nature of the waste, as its color. dominant, are just examples among many possible. In addition, the detected property could be other than the magnetic character.

The embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, in which the same references will be used as in Figures 1-5 to designate the same parts and the same references, but followed by the letter b to designate similar parts, is suitable for the collection of briguettes having the same base section, but which can be of two different heights, for example, a one-liter briguette and a half-liter briquette, the deposit of which gives rise to the distribution of two different proofs of deposit depending on the briquette model.

To this end, the access orifice 4b of the block 3b is rectangular and its section is very slightly greater than that, standard, of the briquettes 19b, the collection of which is desired, for the same reason as that explained above.

The block 3b comprises a descent duct 24 which opens into the container 2. Along this descent duct are arranged three pairs of feelers 34, 35 and

36. The pair of probes 35 is offset 90 ° from the pair of probes 34 to ensure that the scrap has

SUBSTITUTE SHEET a section corresponding to the standard section. The distance between the pair of feelers 34 and 36 is such that only a briquette 19b of qrand format can touch them simultaneously.

The outputs 37, 38 of the pair of probes 34, those 39, 40 of the pair of probes 35 and those 41, 42 of the pair of probes 36 provide directly, or via an interface known per se, a logic level "1" (for example) when they are affected by the scrap 19b during its fall in the duct 24 and a loqique level "O" if they are not.

The outputs 37-42 are connected to a logic control circuit 32b whose output is connected by an interface not shown to a distributor 33b of proof of deposit 22b or 22b '. In a preferred embodiment, the logic control circuit 32b is a read only memory, the addressing inputs of which are connected to the outputs 37-42. This memory can be programmed as follows:

- if we have 111111 as an input signal, the memory 32b sends to the distributor 33b the order to deliver a proof of deposit of large-format briquette 22b, through the slot 4b,

- if we have 111 100 as an input signal, the memory 32b sends to the distributor 33b the order to deliver a proof of deposit of a small-format briquette, through the slot 4b '(such a small-format briquette corresponding to the upper part of the briσuette 19b as limited by the dotted background 49 in figure 7)

- if we have 001111 as the input signal, this σui occurs during the simultaneous contact of the pairs of probes 35 and 36 by a briσuette of large format after it has passed the pair of probes 34, or even by a briquette of small format if these pairs of probes 35 and 36 are sufficiently close together, the memory 32b does not send any order to the distributor, - for all the other input signals, such as

Έ LOCATION UTILITY 110000 or 001111: scrap having a dimension corresponding respectively to the width or the length of the expected standard section, but not to both

100100, 011001, etc: irregularly shaped scrap, small section scrap hitting one wall and then the other of the duct, etc. the memory 32b does not send any order to the proof of deposit distributor either.

Of course, this embodiment could also include a detector of the nature of a material constituting the scrap such as the assembly 25a, 25b, the output signal of which would be combined with the aforementioned signals. It could not issue proof of deposit gue for a given draft format, in which case the pair of probes 35 and the slot 4b 'would be deleted. The dispenser 33b could also distribute proofs of deposits for small and large formats through a single slot.

Instead of being adapted to accept briquettes of standard rectangular section but of different capacity - therefore height -, the unit according to the invention could be designed to accept, for example, briquettes of the same capacity, but of rectangular section. different, a dimension of this section being however common to the different branches, called "small" and "large" sections. In this case, the opening 4b would have two of its opposite sides, called "standard spacing sides", the length of which would correspond to this common dimension, except for the introduction clearance, the length of the opposite sides of the opening being chosen so as to allow the introduction of both small section and large section briquettes. In this case also, the probes could be arranged only along the walls of the duct 24 which extend the standard spacing sides, if one does not seek to distinguish, in the identification, the briquettes of small cross section from those of large section. The embodiment of FIG. 7 applies the incentive method according to the invention to the deposit of recyclable waste of a certain type.

As before, the same references will be used gu'aux Figures 1-5 to designate the same parts and the same references, but followed by the letter ç to designate similar parts.

This time the shape and the dimensions of the access orifice 4c of the block 3c are not linked to a form of product since one seeks to collect products having in common the nature of one of their constituents, for example metal cans of any size in any condition, such as the dented can 19c. The access orifice 4c will therefore be relatively large. As in the case of the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5, the descent duct 24 is provided with a transmitter 25c and a receiver 26c whose output 29c is connected to a read only memory 32c, itself connected by a interface not shown, to a deposit proof distributor 33c 22c and to a motor 43. The conduit 24 is further provided with a passage detector, constituted for example by a photoelectric cell 48, 49, the output 50 of the receiver 49 also being connected to the read only memory 32c. As can be seen, directly above the downcomer 24 is located a tank 44 blocked on a rotation axis 45 controlled by the motor 43. Below the rotation axis 45 is a partition 46 separating a main container 201 a secondary container 202. To avoid fraud, the transmitter 25c and receiver 26c are sufficiently far from the orifice 4c and a one-way passage device 47 éguipe said orifice.

When ROM receives input signal 11

(passaqe of a magnetic material), it controls the distributor 33c the distribution of a proof of deposit 22c, through the slot 6c, and the rotation of the motor 43 so as to

SUBSTITUTE SHEET rotate the axis 45 in the direction of the arrow FI: the bin then empties the waste 19c which it has received in the container 201. When the read only memory receives the input signal 10 (passage of a non-magnetic material ), it does not send any order to the distributor 33c, but controls the rotation of the motor 43 so as to rotate the axis 45 in the direction of the arrow F2: the bin then empties the waste 19c into the container 202.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims

CLAIMS 1 - Method for combating environmental pollution by waste (19,19a-19c), in particular packaging of consumable products such as used tickets or "take-away" food products, according to which it is placed in available to the public of the collection units for the deposit of said rejects (19,19a-19c), the other units include an access port (4,4a-4c), characterized in that it consists in providing said units with first part, means adapted to identify at least roughly a scrap presented to, or introduced into, said access orifice (4,4a-4c), second part, conveyor means (9, 24) of said waste (19, 19a-19c) beyond the access opening <4,4a-4c) and, thirdly, means (14,15; 33a-33c) adapted to issue proof of deposit (22,22a- 22σ), such as a gift ticket, controlled by said identification means in possible combination with said conveyor means. 2 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the identification of the waste (19, 19a-c) is done, at least partially, by comparison between a dimension of at least part of the waste (19,19a-c ) and those of said access port (4,4a-4c). 3 - Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein there is attached to the consumable product sold, a bag (19) adapted to collect the packaging of said product and / or the resulting waste of the product after consumption, characterized in that it consists in providing on said bag (19) said proof of deposit (22) and in providing the collection unit with means of separation (14), marking (14a) and return (15,6) of said proof of deposit (22), which means aqissent on the bag (19) while it is introduced and / or conveyed in the collection unit. 4 - Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the identification of the waste (19a-c) consists of a recognition of a property of a material composing the waste (19a-c). 5 - Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the identified property is the magnetic or non-magnetic nature of the waste (19a-c). 6 - Method according to one guelcongue of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the identification of the waste (19b) consists of a recognition of a standard section of the waste (19b). 7 - Method according to one guelcongue of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises a complementary identification by reading the dominant color of the waste (19a). 8 - Method according to one guelconque of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the identification of the waste (19c) is done prior to a sorting in rejects (19c) recognized and accepted for collection in a main container (201) and in unrecognized rejects and derived to a secondary container (202), only the accepted rejects (19c) being taken into account for issuing the proof of deposit (22c). 9 - Collection unit for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, having an access port (4,4a-4c), characterized in that it comprises, firstly, means (4, 4a-4c _? 25,25b, 25c-26,26b, 26c; 27,28; 48,49) adapted to at least roughly identify a scrap (19,19a-c) presented to, or introduced into, said access orifice (4, 4a-4c), on the second part, of conveyor means (9; 24) of said waste (19,19a-c) beyond the access opening (4,4a-4c) and, thirdly, means (14,15,6; 33, 33b, 33c) adapted to deliver proof deposit (22, 22a-22c), such as a gift ticket, controlled by said identification means in possible combination with said conveyor means. 10 - Collection unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the proof of deposit (22) is a part of a bag (19) in leguel are placed or rejects before introduction into the access orifice (4). 11 - Collection unit according to claim 10, characterized in that gu'elle comprises means of separation (14), of marguage (14a) and of restitution (15,6) of said proof of deposit (22), lesσuels means act on the bag (19) while it is introduced and / or conveyed into the collection unit. 12 - Collection unit according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that σu'elle comprises a detector of magnetic materials (25,26; 25b-26b; 25c-26b). 13 - Collection unit according to one guelconque of claims 9 or 11 and 12, characterized in that it comprises a set of feelers (34-36) adapted to control a standard section and optionally one or more standard lengths. 14 - Collection unit according to one guelcongue of claims 9 and 11 to 13, characterized in gu'elle comprises at least one color reader (27,28). 15 - collection unit according to one guelcongue of claims 10 and 11 to 14, characterized in that it comprises at least one bar code reader. 16 - Collection unit according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that it comprises, firstly, a main container (201) of rejects (19c) recognized and accepted for collection and a secondary container (202 ) unrecognized rejects, on the second part, sorting means (44) between these two containers and, on the third part, control means (32c) connected to said identification means, to means adapted to issue proof of deposit and the sorting means, said identification means (25,25b, 25c-26, 26b, 26c; 48,49) being located upstream of the sorting means (44), seen in the direction of transport of the waste (19c ), thanks to guoi, according to the information received from said identification means, said SUBSTITUTE SHEET control means (32c) direct the issuance of proof of deposit (22c) and the orientation of the scrap (19c) towards the main container (201), or even the orientation of the waste towards the secondary container (202). SUBSTITUTE SHEET