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WO1992000119A1 - Method and device for treating epilepsy - Google Patents

Method and device for treating epilepsy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992000119A1
WO1992000119A1 PCT/BE1991/000043 BE9100043W WO9200119A1 WO 1992000119 A1 WO1992000119 A1 WO 1992000119A1 BE 9100043 W BE9100043 W BE 9100043W WO 9200119 A1 WO9200119 A1 WO 9200119A1
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Prior art keywords
pulses
electrodes
positive
frequency
duration
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/BE1991/000043
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Marie Verhoeven
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Publication of WO1992000119A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992000119A1/en
Priority to NO920780A priority Critical patent/NO920780D0/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A61N1/36146—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
    • A61N1/36167—Timing, e.g. stimulation onset
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36064—Epilepsy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A61N1/36146—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
    • A61N1/3615—Intensity
    • A61N1/36153—Voltage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36082—Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the treatment of epilepsy by using electrodes producing electrical pulses applied to the patient's head.
  • the impulses can be positive or negative. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the pulses will preferably be positive.
  • the pulses can also be multiple pulses made up of different frequencies, used either sequentially or alternately, or even using a carrier frequency or a frequency modulated by another frequency.
  • an essential rectangular, negative wave is superimposed on a generally positive pulse, so that the energy of the negative part is essentially equivalent to the energy of the positive part. Any phenomenon of electrolysis can be controlled.
  • electrodes are applied which produce electrical pulses of low frequency between the above-mentioned values and of power which can vary from 1 to 170 V (peak voltage).
  • the duration of a pulse can vary from 2.5 ms to 0.025 ms, preferably from 0.2 to 0.30 ms. A value of 0.25 ms (+/- 0.1) was advantageously applied.
  • the patients Preferably use three electrodes, for example a positive front electrode and 2 negative electrodes at the base of the neck. It is also possible to use more than three electrodes.
  • the patients are treated in two successive phases of approximately 10 minutes, the frequencies being 1.5 Hz or approximately 1.5 Hz for the first phase which may last 10 minutes and 28 Hz or approximately 28 Hz for the second phase of the same duration.
  • the powers must be adapted to each particular case and can vary from 1 to 170 Volts.
  • the generator used for implementing the invention can be easily designed by those skilled in the art.
  • the apparatus for implementing the invention can operate on a single protected 6-volt battery.
  • This battery is rechargeable on the mains, with protection preventing any use on the mains.
  • the device comprises two mono Jack inputs, 2 potentiometers, one of which is provided with a -4-
  • the device can be fitted with a charge indicator. It switches off when the battery voltage drops to 4.5 volts, to prevent premature deterioration of the battery.
  • the voltmeter and the ammeter indicate: the peak values.
  • the device is preferably compact and transportable.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the shape of the empty and loaded pulse.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the invention by way of example. References in the figure refer to the following:

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A therapeutical apparatus for treating epilepsy or related diseases includes a positive electrical impulse generator using electrodes to apply impulses to the head of a patient, with said impulses having a frequency of 1.5-28 Hz, a peak voltage of 1-190 volts and a length of 0.025-2.5 ms.

Description

II

ii

Procéd et dispositif pour le traitement de l'épilepsie.Procedure and device for the treatment of epilepsy.

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour le traitement de l'épilepsie par utilisation d'électrodes produisant des impulsions électriques appliquées à la tête du patient.The present invention relates to a method and a device for the treatment of epilepsy by using electrodes producing electrical pulses applied to the patient's head.

1010

Il est connu que des impulsions électriques peuvent servir dans certains cas à traiter des malades atteints d'épilepsie, notamment à l'aide d'électrodes implantées. Des fréquences de l'ordre du MHz sont par ailleurs utilisées à 15 divers autres titres thérapeutiques.It is known that electrical pulses can be used in certain cases to treat patients suffering from epilepsy, in particular using implanted electrodes. Frequencies on the order of MHz are also used for various other therapeutic purposes.

Il a maintenant été trouvé qu'une efficacité supérieure et inattendue peut être atteinte en utilisant un procédé et dispositif caractérisé en ce que des impulsions deIt has now been found that higher and unexpected efficiency can be achieved using a method and device characterized in that pulses of

20 fréquences variant de 1,5 à 28 Hz sont émises au moyen d'électrodes appliquées simplement sur la tête du patient. Les impulsions peuvent être positives ou négatives. Selon un mode particulier de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, les impulsions seront de préférence positives.20 frequencies varying from 1.5 to 28 Hz are emitted by means of electrodes applied simply to the patient's head. The impulses can be positive or negative. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the pulses will preferably be positive.

25 Les impulsions peuvent aussi être des impulsions multiples constituéls de différentes fréquances, utilisées soit séquentiellement, soit en alternance, ou encore en utilisant une fréquence porteuse ou une fréquence modulée par une autre fréquence.25 The pulses can also be multiple pulses made up of different frequencies, used either sequentially or alternately, or even using a carrier frequency or a frequency modulated by another frequency.

Selon un mode particulier de l'invention, une onde essentielle rectangulaire, négative est superposée à une impulsion généralement positive, de sorte que l'énergie de la partie négative est essentiellement équivalente à l'énergie de la partie positive. Tout phénomène d'électrolyse peutêtre maîtrisé.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, an essential rectangular, negative wave is superimposed on a generally positive pulse, so that the energy of the negative part is essentially equivalent to the energy of the positive part. Any phenomenon of electrolysis can be controlled.

Selon l'invention on applique des électrodes produisant des impulsions électriques de basse fréquence comprises entre les valeurs susmentionnées et de puissance pouvant varier de 1 à 170 V (voltage de crête).According to the invention, electrodes are applied which produce electrical pulses of low frequency between the above-mentioned values and of power which can vary from 1 to 170 V (peak voltage).

La durée d'une impulsion peut varier de 2,5 ms à 0,025 ms, de préférence de 0,2 à 0,30 ms. On a avantageusement appliqué une valeur de 0,25 ms (+/- 0,1).The duration of a pulse can vary from 2.5 ms to 0.025 ms, preferably from 0.2 to 0.30 ms. A value of 0.25 ms (+/- 0.1) was advantageously applied.

On utilisera de préférence trois électrodes, soit par exemple une élecrrode positive frontale et 2 électrodes négatives à la base de la nuque. On peut également utiliser plus de trois électrodes. De manière caractéristique, les malades sont traités en deux phases successives d'environ 10 minutes, les fréquences étant de 1,5 Hz ou d'environ 1,5 Hz pour la première phase pouvant durer 10 minutes et de 28 Hz ou d'environ 28 Hz pour la seconde phase de même durée. Les puissances doivent être adaptées à chaque cas particuliers et peuvent varier de 1 à 170 Volts.Preferably use three electrodes, for example a positive front electrode and 2 negative electrodes at the base of the neck. It is also possible to use more than three electrodes. Typically, the patients are treated in two successive phases of approximately 10 minutes, the frequencies being 1.5 Hz or approximately 1.5 Hz for the first phase which may last 10 minutes and 28 Hz or approximately 28 Hz for the second phase of the same duration. The powers must be adapted to each particular case and can vary from 1 to 170 Volts.

Chez les sujets épileptiques traités on a constaté une diminution du nombre de crises et chez la plupart d'entre eux où des contrôles néo-encéphalographiques (électroencéphalographie par ordinateur) ont été exécutés, on a noté une amélioration de l'activité électrique cérébrale. Certains malades ont répondu favorablement à cette méthode alors que d'autres traitements s'étaient révélés inefficaces.In the epileptic subjects treated, a reduction in the number of attacks was noted and in most of them where neoencephalographic checks (electroencephalography by computer) were carried out, an improvement in the cerebral electrical activity was noted. Some patients have responded favorably to this method while other treatments have been shown to be ineffective.

Le générateur utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention peut être facilement conçu par l'homme de l'art.The generator used for implementing the invention can be easily designed by those skilled in the art.

L'appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention peut fonctionner sur une batterie unique de 6 volts protégée. Cette batterie est rechargeable sur secteur, avec protection empêchant toute utilisation sur secteur. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'appareil comprend deux entrées Jack mono, 2 potentiomètres dont un est muni d'un -4-The apparatus for implementing the invention can operate on a single protected 6-volt battery. This battery is rechargeable on the mains, with protection preventing any use on the mains. According to a particular embodiment, the device comprises two mono Jack inputs, 2 potentiometers, one of which is provided with a -4-

interrupteur off/on, divers affichages digitaux. Il est ainsi avantageusement muni d'un affichage de fréquence, un affichage de puissance, un affichage de résistance et un affichage de tension. L'appareil peut être muni d'un voyant de charge. Il se met hors circuit lorsque la tension de la batterie descend à 4,5 volts, afin d'éviter toute détérioration prématurée de celle-ci.off / on switch, various digital displays. It is thus advantageously provided with a frequency display, a power display, a resistance display and a voltage display. The device can be fitted with a charge indicator. It switches off when the battery voltage drops to 4.5 volts, to prevent premature deterioration of the battery.

Le voltmètre et l'ampèremètre indiquent: les valeurs de crête. L'oh ètre indique le résultat de la division de la tension par le courant (R=U/I) . Cette dernière indication n'est donc significative que pour de valeurs de U et de I suffisantes.The voltmeter and the ammeter indicate: the peak values. The ohmmeter shows the result of dividing the voltage by the current (R = U / I). This last indication is therefore significant only for values of U and I sufficient.

L'appareil est de préférence compact et transportable.The device is preferably compact and transportable.

La figure 1 illustre la forme de l'impulsion à vide et en charge.FIG. 1 illustrates the shape of the empty and loaded pulse.

Le schéma-blocs de la fig 2 illustre l'invention de manière exemplative. Les références de la figure se rapportent aux éléments suivants :The block diagram in FIG. 2 illustrates the invention by way of example. References in the figure refer to the following:

1 réseau 220 V 2 chargeur1 220 V network 2 charger

3 contrôle3 control

4 accumulateur -o-4 accumulator -o-

5 relais5 relays

6 alimentation6 feeding

7 réglage de fréquence7 frequency setting

8 oscillateur 9 fréquencemètre8 oscillator 9 frequency counter

10 mise en forme10 shaping

11 réglage11 setting

12 buffer12 buffer

13 connecteurs de sortie vers électrodes 14 buffer U13 output connectors to electrodes 14 buffer U

15 buffer I15 buffer I

17 mémo I17 memo I

18 contrôle 19 diviseur U/I18 control 19 U / I divider

20 ohmètre20 ohm meter

21 voltmètre21 voltmeter

22 ampèremètre22 ammeter

De nombreux autres schémas équivalents peuvent être adoptés sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Many other equivalent schemes can be adopted without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0001
 -6--6- RevendicationsClaims 5 1) Appareil à but thérapeutique , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un générateur d'impulsions électriques et des électrodes pour appliquer sur la tête d'un sujet les dites impulsions , celles-ci ayant une fréquence de répétition comprise entre 1,5 et 28 Hz ,un voltage de crête de 1 à 190 10 volts et une durée comprise entre 0,025 et 2,5 ms.5 1) Apparatus for therapeutic purposes, characterized in that it comprises a generator of electrical pulses and electrodes for applying said pulses to the head of a subject, these having a repetition frequency of between 1.5 and 28 Hz, a peak voltage of 1 to 190 10 volts and a duration between 0.025 and 2.5 ms. 2) Appareil selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les impulsions sont positives.2) Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the pulses are positive. 15 3) Appareil selon les revendications 1 et 2 pour le traitement de l'épilepsie ou de maladie connexe.3) Apparatus according to claims 1 and 2 for the treatment of epilepsy or related disease. 4) Appareil selon les revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que les impulsions sont des impulsions multiples constituées 20 de différentes fréquences, utilisées soit séquentiellement, soit en alternance, ou encore en utilisant une fréquence porteuse ou une fréquence modulée par une autre fréquence.4) Apparatus according to claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the pulses are multiple pulses formed 2 0 of different frequencies used either sequentially or alternately, or by using a carrier frequency or a frequency modulated by a different frequency. 5) Appareil selon les revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce 25 que la durée des impulsions est comprise entre 0,20 et 0,30 ms. 6) Appareil selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que la durée des impulsions est de 0,25 ms.5) Apparatus according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the duration of the pulses is between 0.20 and 0.30 ms. 6) Apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that the duration of the pulses is 0.25 ms. 7) Appareil selon les revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au minimum de trois électrodes à appliquer sur la tête du patient.7) Apparatus according to claims 1 to 6 characterized in that it comprises at least three electrodes to be applied to the head of the patient. 8) Appareil selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que deux électrodes sont négatives et une électrode est positive.8) Apparatus according to claim 7 characterized in that two electrodes are negative and one electrode is positive. 9) Appareil selon n'importe laquelle des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les circuits électroniques de la fig. lb. ou des circuits équivalents.9) Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that it comprises the electronic circuits of fig. lb. or equivalent circuits. 10) Appareil selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il est superposé aux impulsions électriques, généralement positives, une onde négative.10) Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that it is superimposed on electrical pulses, generally positive, a negative wave. 11) Appareil selon la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce que l'onde est une onde essentielle rectangulaire négative.11) Apparatus according to claim 9 characterized in that the wave is a negative rectangular essential wave. 12) Appareil selon les revendications 9 ou 10 caractérisé en ce que l'onde correspond à une énergie essentiellement équvalente à l'énergie de la partie positive. 13) Uti.li.sati.on d'un apparei.l selon les revendications l à12) Apparatus according to claims 9 or 10 characterized in that the wave corresponds to an energy essentially equivalent to the energy of the positive part. 13) Uti.li.sati.on of an appliance according to claims l to 12 pour le traitement de l'épilepsie ou de maladies connexes.12 for the treatment of epilepsy or related diseases. 14) Méthode de traitement du corps humain caractérisé en ce qu'on applique au moins deux électrodes à la tête d'un patient épileptique et que lesdites électrodes émettent des impulsions électriques positives de durée variant de 0,025 à 25 ms, de voltage variant de 1 à 170 Volts et de fréquence variant de 1 à 100 Hz, de préférence de 1,5 à 28 Hz.14) Method for treating the human body, characterized in that at least two electrodes are applied to the head of an epileptic patient and that said electrodes emit positive electrical pulses of duration varying from 0.025 to 25 ms, with voltage varying from 1 at 170 Volts and frequency varying from 1 to 100 Hz, preferably from 1.5 to 28 Hz. 5 5
PCT/BE1991/000043 1990-06-28 1991-06-27 Method and device for treating epilepsy Ceased WO1992000119A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO920780A NO920780D0 (en) 1990-06-28 1992-02-27 PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9000660 1990-06-28
BE9000660 1990-06-28
BE9100054 1991-01-23
BE9100054 1991-01-23

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EP (1) EP0489879A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05502608A (en)
AU (1) AU8095491A (en)
CA (1) CA2065388A1 (en)
IE (1) IE912227A1 (en)
IL (1) IL98656A0 (en)
MX (1) MX9100005A (en)
NO (1) NO920780D0 (en)
PT (1) PT98122A (en)
WO (1) WO1992000119A1 (en)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5752979A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-19 Medtronic, Inc. Method of controlling epilepsy by brain stimulation
WO2004060481A1 (en) * 2003-01-03 2004-07-22 Groenemeyer Dietrich H W Electric trainer
US7209787B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-04-24 Bioneuronics Corporation Apparatus and method for closed-loop intracranial stimulation for optimal control of neurological disease
US7231254B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-06-12 Bioneuronics Corporation Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US7242984B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-07-10 Neurovista Corporation Apparatus and method for closed-loop intracranial stimulation for optimal control of neurological disease
US7277758B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-10-02 Neurovista Corporation Methods and systems for predicting future symptomatology in a patient suffering from a neurological or psychiatric disorder
US7324851B1 (en) 1998-08-05 2008-01-29 Neurovista Corporation Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US7403820B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2008-07-22 Neurovista Corporation Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US7623928B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2009-11-24 Neurovista Corporation Controlling a subject's susceptibility to a seizure
US7676263B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2010-03-09 Neurovista Corporation Minimally invasive system for selecting patient-specific therapy parameters
US7747325B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2010-06-29 Neurovista Corporation Systems and methods for monitoring a patient's neurological disease state
US8036736B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2011-10-11 Neuro Vista Corporation Implantable systems and methods for identifying a contra-ictal condition in a subject
US8295934B2 (en) 2006-11-14 2012-10-23 Neurovista Corporation Systems and methods of reducing artifact in neurological stimulation systems
US8588933B2 (en) 2009-01-09 2013-11-19 Cyberonics, Inc. Medical lead termination sleeve for implantable medical devices
US8725243B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2014-05-13 Cyberonics, Inc. Methods and systems for recommending an appropriate pharmacological treatment to a patient for managing epilepsy and other neurological disorders
US8762065B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2014-06-24 Cyberonics, Inc. Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US8786624B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2014-07-22 Cyberonics, Inc. Processing for multi-channel signals
US8849390B2 (en) 2008-12-29 2014-09-30 Cyberonics, Inc. Processing for multi-channel signals
US8868172B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2014-10-21 Cyberonics, Inc. Methods and systems for recommending an appropriate action to a patient for managing epilepsy and other neurological disorders
US9042988B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2015-05-26 Cyberonics, Inc. Closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation
US9259591B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2016-02-16 Cyberonics, Inc. Housing for an implantable medical device
US9375573B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2016-06-28 Cyberonics, Inc. Systems and methods for monitoring a patient's neurological disease state
US9415222B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2016-08-16 Cyberonics, Inc. Monitoring an epilepsy disease state with a supervisory module
US9622675B2 (en) 2007-01-25 2017-04-18 Cyberonics, Inc. Communication error alerting in an epilepsy monitoring system
US9643019B2 (en) 2010-02-12 2017-05-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Neurological monitoring and alerts
US9788744B2 (en) 2007-07-27 2017-10-17 Cyberonics, Inc. Systems for monitoring brain activity and patient advisory device
US9898656B2 (en) 2007-01-25 2018-02-20 Cyberonics, Inc. Systems and methods for identifying a contra-ictal condition in a subject
US11406317B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2022-08-09 Livanova Usa, Inc. Method for detecting neurological and clinical manifestations of a seizure

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Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5752979A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-19 Medtronic, Inc. Method of controlling epilepsy by brain stimulation
US9375573B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2016-06-28 Cyberonics, Inc. Systems and methods for monitoring a patient's neurological disease state
US9320900B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2016-04-26 Cyberonics, Inc. Methods and systems for determining subject-specific parameters for a neuromodulation therapy
US7231254B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-06-12 Bioneuronics Corporation Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US7242984B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-07-10 Neurovista Corporation Apparatus and method for closed-loop intracranial stimulation for optimal control of neurological disease
US7277758B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-10-02 Neurovista Corporation Methods and systems for predicting future symptomatology in a patient suffering from a neurological or psychiatric disorder
US7324851B1 (en) 1998-08-05 2008-01-29 Neurovista Corporation Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US7403820B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2008-07-22 Neurovista Corporation Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US7623928B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2009-11-24 Neurovista Corporation Controlling a subject's susceptibility to a seizure
US9421373B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2016-08-23 Cyberonics, Inc. Apparatus and method for closed-loop intracranial stimulation for optimal control of neurological disease
US7747325B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2010-06-29 Neurovista Corporation Systems and methods for monitoring a patient's neurological disease state
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IL98656A0 (en) 1992-07-15
CA2065388A1 (en) 1991-12-29
NO920780L (en) 1992-02-27
PT98122A (en) 1993-09-30
MX9100005A (en) 1992-02-03
IE912227A1 (en) 1992-01-01
JPH05502608A (en) 1993-05-13
EP0489879A1 (en) 1992-06-17
NO920780D0 (en) 1992-02-27
AU8095491A (en) 1992-01-23

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