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WO1991015574A1 - Virus purifies de l'hepatite c et proteines et peptides de ces virus - Google Patents

Virus purifies de l'hepatite c et proteines et peptides de ces virus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991015574A1
WO1991015574A1 PCT/US1991/002298 US9102298W WO9115574A1 WO 1991015574 A1 WO1991015574 A1 WO 1991015574A1 US 9102298 W US9102298 W US 9102298W WO 9115574 A1 WO9115574 A1 WO 9115574A1
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Prior art keywords
hcv
virus
proteins
composition
protein
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Kenneth H. Burk
James R. Jacob
Robert E. Lanford
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Texas Biomedical Research Institute
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Texas Biomedical Research Institute
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A61K39/29—Hepatitis virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/525—Virus
    • A61K2039/5252—Virus inactivated (killed)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
    • C12N2770/00011—Details
    • C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
    • C12N2770/24211—Hepacivirus, e.g. hepatitis C virus, hepatitis G virus
    • C12N2770/24222—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
    • C12N2770/00011—Details
    • C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
    • C12N2770/24211—Hepacivirus, e.g. hepatitis C virus, hepatitis G virus
    • C12N2770/24234—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
    • C12N2770/00011—Details
    • C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
    • C12N2770/24211—Hepacivirus, e.g. hepatitis C virus, hepatitis G virus
    • C12N2770/24251—Methods of production or purification of viral material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to purified hepatitis C virus (HCV) , mature virus proteins and glycopeptide anti ⁇ gens isolated from the virus, and vaccine and diagnostic compositions which utilize the particles, proteins and an ⁇ tigens.
  • HCV hepatitis C virus
  • Non-B hepatitis has long been recognized as a virus-induced disease, distinct from other forms of viral- associated liver diseases, including hepatitis A virus (HAV) and B virus (HBV) , and hepatitis-induced by cytomega- lovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) .
  • NANBH virus is implicated in greater than 90% of all post-transfusion hepatitis cases, and is responsible for the induction of chronic hepatitis in 40-50% of infected individuals.
  • NANBH virus is implicated in greater than 90% of all post-transfusion hepatitis cases, and is responsible for the induction of chronic hepatitis in 40-50% of infected individuals.
  • One is an enterically transmitted virus, and may be seen in epidemic form where sanitation condi ⁇ tions are poor.
  • the other is parenterally transmitted NANBH virus, now commonly referred to as hepatit
  • HCV human model
  • in vitro tissue culture model suitable for growing HCV has limited the isolation and characterization of mature HCV virus.
  • Such particles would be useful for production of inactivated or attenuated HCV for vaccine and diagnostic purposes, and for isolation and identification of intact, mature HCV proteins, and glycosylated HCV antigens.
  • the invention includes, in one aspect, purified HCV virus particles characterized by: (a) a single-stranded RNA genome; (b) a flavivirus type structure having virus particle sizes between about 30-60 nm, enveloped capsid structures, external stalks 2-5 nm in length and width, and an icosahedron symmetry, and (c) immunospecific reaction with HCV-infected individuals.
  • the RNA genome of the particles contains a region with the sequence shown in Figure 4.
  • the particles are useful, in inactivated form, in a vaccine composition, or for generating monoclonal antibod- ies specific against HCV virus antigens, and in particular, against glycopeptide antigens.
  • the protein components of the virus particles when fractionated and purified, yield mature HCV proteins, such as purified, mature C, el (gp35) , e2 (gp70) , and the HCV counterparts to NS2, NS3, NS4, or NS5, which may be sub ⁇ stantially free of HCV genomic RNA, and non-viral serum and cell proteins normally associated with HCV virus infection in humans.
  • mature HCV proteins such as purified, mature C, el (gp35) , e2 (gp70)
  • NS2, NS3, NS4, or NS5 which may be sub ⁇ stantially free of HCV genomic RNA, and non-viral serum and cell proteins normally associated with HCV virus infection in humans.
  • a purified protein or protein mixture is useful in a vaccine composition, for generating monoclonal antibodies specific against HCV viral proteins, and in a diagnostic system for detection of human anti-HCV anti-sera.
  • the virus particles or proteins isolated therefrom also provide a source of HCV-specific glycopeptide anti- gens, i.e., glycopeptide regions of a glycosylated HCV proteins, such as gp35 and gp70.
  • the antigens are useful in a diagnostic system for detecting human sera from HCV- infected individuals.
  • the invention includes an antibody specific against the HCV glycopeptide antigen.
  • the anti ⁇ body is useful as a diagnostic reagent, for detecting the presence of HCV antigens in HCV-infected human sera.
  • Figures 1A and IB are electron photomicrographs of HCV particles at two different magnifications, where the bars in the figures indicate 50 nm;
  • Figures 3A-3C are electron photomicrographs of HCV particles, showing bar-like structures within the virus core (3A and 3C) and prominent envelope structures with external stalk projections (3B) ;
  • Figure 4 gives the sequence of a cDNA region of an HCV strain isolated from HCV-infected liver, also showing nucleotide divergence with earlier published HCV sequences, designated JT and PT;
  • Figure 5 shows electrophoretic patterns of PCR pro- ducts of RNA from various immortalized CU chimpanzee hepa- tocyte cell lines derived from HCV-infected chimpanzee hepatocytes (lanes 1-8) , and from chimpanzee liver RNA during the acute phase of HCV infection (lane 9) ;
  • Figure 6 shows electrophoretic patterns of PCR pro- ducts of RNA from various HCV-infected CHMP cells (lanes 1- 12 and 14) , from the inoculum used to infect the cells (lane 13) , from chimpanzee liver RNA during the acute phase of HCV infection (lanes 15 and 18) , and from an HCV cloned fragment.
  • A. Cell culture sources One cell-culture source of HCV virus particles is a cultured primary hepatocytes derived from the liver of an HCV-infected chimpanzee or human, and cultured under conditions which maintain the differentiated state of the infected cells for 3-4 weeks. Methods for preparing primary primate hepatocytes for culture, and culture medium conditions effective to preserve liver-specific functions for extended periods in culture have been described by the inventors (Lanford, 1989)
  • liver tissue obtained from an HCV- infected chimpanzee or human is perfused and hepatocytes are dislodged by treatment with collagenase.
  • the cells are washed several times, then plated on culture plates at a density of about 5 x 105 to 5 x 10 6 cells per 60 mm plate.
  • the hepatocytes are maintained in serum-free medium (SFM) which has been specifically designed to allow the cells to grow in culture in a highly differentiated state, as evidenced by the continued production and secretion in culture of liver-specific proteins.
  • SFM serum-free medium
  • One preferred SFM is composed of Williams' medium E (WME) supplemented with 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 50 ug gentami- cin, and the following supplements: EGF (epidermal growth factor) , insulin, glucagon, BSA (bovine serum albumin) , soybean lipids, linoleic acid, hydrocortisone, selenium, cholera toxin, LGF (liver growth factor, a glysyl-histidyl- lysine tripeptide) , ECGS (endothelial cell growth supple- ment) , transferrin, ethanolamine, prolactin, somatotropin, and TRF (thyrotropin-releasing factor) , in the proportions given in Example 1.
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • insulin insulin
  • glucagon BSA (bovine serum albumin)
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • soybean lipids soybean lipids
  • the sources of these materials are given elsewhere (Lanford) .
  • the cells are maintained in the SFM under standard cell culture conditions.
  • the medium is changed, e.g., 24 hours after isolation and every 48 hours thereafter, during the culture period.
  • the cells undergo 2-4 rounds of replication in the first several days of culture, e.g., within 7-10 days, and thereafter continue to function as liver-specific cells in culture, but without appreciable signs of cell replica ⁇ tion, for 3-4 weeks total culture period. Thereafter, the virus-infected cells gradually lose hepatocyte differentia ⁇ tion, as evidenced by a decline in the production of liver- specific proteins.
  • the differentiation of the primary hepatocytes in culture can be assessed by following changes in the pro ⁇ duction and secretion of liver-specific proteins.
  • proteins from the culture medium are fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly- acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) , and the frac ⁇ tionated proteins are detected by immunoblotting, using antibodies directed against the proteins of interest.
  • SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly- acrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • radio- labeled cell culture proteins are immunoprecipitated with immobilized, protein-specific antibodies, and the precipi ⁇ tated antibodies are then fractionated by SDS-PAGE.
  • liver-specific protein production such as apolipoprotein production
  • HCV particles were obtained from the HCV-infected hepatocytes in culture for up to three-seven weeks after the infected cells were placed in culture (Table 1) .
  • Another source of HCV particles, in accordance with the invention is chimpanzee or human primary hepatocytes which are infected in vitro with HCV inoculum.
  • a method of obtaining and culturing hepatocytes from uninfected chimpanzees is given in Example 5, and generally follows the culture method used to form stable, differentiated primary hepatocytes derived from HCV-infected liver cells. The cells are infected with a pooled inoculum of plasma samples from several chimpanzees with known acute HCV infection, as described in Example 5.
  • Table 1 below compares viral counts obtained from cultured hepatocytes which were derived either from HCV- infected chimpanzees (PTTxl96, PTTxl74, PTTx268, and PTTxl98) or from non-infected chimpanzees, whose cultured hepatocytes were infected in vitro (PTTx266 and PTTx344) , where culture samples were taken at the culture times indicated.
  • the results show the ability to replicate, isolate and purify the HCV virus in hepatocytes derived from both HCV-infected and non-infected HCV-infectable animals.
  • a third source of HCV particles is immortalized chimpanzee or huma hepatocytes which are infected in vitro with HCV afte immortalization. Immortalization is achieved by introduc ing an oncogene into stable, non-infected or HCV-infecte primate hepatocytes in culture, as detailed in the compan ion patent application for "An Immortalized Hepatocyte Cel Line", and illustrated in Example 6. Briefly, hepatocyte obtained from non-infected or HCV-infected chimpanzees (o humans) are cultured, as above, under conditions whic allow expression a liver-specific proteins for extende culture periods.
  • the culture is exposed to virus or plasmid vector containing a suitable oncogene, such as the SV40 large T antigen oncogene, and immortalized cells are selected on the basis of continued growth beyond initial 2-4 rounds of replication, when non-immortalized cells are essentially non-replicative.
  • a suitable oncogene such as the SV40 large T antigen oncogene
  • an immortalized cell line capable of supporting HCV infection and replication To select an immortalized cell line capable of supporting HCV infection and replication, several immortal ⁇ ized cell lines from above are infected with an HCV inoculum, and the individual cell lines are assayed for the presence of HCV RNA, using PCR methods such as detailed in Example 6.
  • Figure 5 shows a gel analysis of the PCR products from HCV-infected CU cell lines (produced by immortalization of hepatocytes from an HCV-infected chimpanzee) .
  • Lanes 1-8 are CU1, CU3, CU4, CU5, CU6, CU8, CU9 and CU12, respective ⁇ ly.
  • Lane 9 is a positive control of chimpanzee xl98 liver RNA during the acute phase of HCV infection and was processed identically as the CU RNA samples.
  • Lanes 10 and 11 are the cDNA and PCR negative controls to demonstrate the lack of contamination during the PCR assay.
  • Lane 12 is lambda DNA cleaved with Hindlll as size markers.
  • Lane 5 (CU6) and 9 (PCR positive control) show a positive reac ⁇ tion. All lanes have a lower band that represents the primers used in the PCR reaction. Positive reactions were obtained with CU6 cell line, the inoculum used to infect the cell lines, and each of the positive controls. The negative controlled were negative indicating that no contamination occurred during the PCR reaction.
  • Figure 6 shows a gel analysis of PCR products from HCV-infected CHMP cell lines (produced by immortalization of hepatocytes derived from non-infected chimpanzees hepatocytes).
  • Lanes 1-12 represent CHMP 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25,1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30, 1.31 and 1.32, respectively.
  • Lane 13 is the PCR analysis of the inoculum used to infect both the CU and CHMP cell lines.
  • Lane 14 is CHMP 2.02.
  • Lane 15, 18 and 19 are PCR positive controls.
  • Lane 15 and 18 are PTTxl98 liver RNA as described for Figure 6.
  • Lanes 16 and 17 are cDNA and PCR negative controls, respectively.
  • Lane 19 is a PCR positive control consisting of a gel purified band from a cloned fragment of HCV homologous to the PCR primers used in this assay.
  • Lane 20 is Hindlll digested lambda DNA as size
  • Virus particles can be isolated from HCV infected chimpanzee or human hepatocytes in culture by gradient centrifugation methods, as described in Example 2.
  • culture medium is clarified by low-speed centrifugation, then separated from soluble culture-medium components by centrifugation through a 20% sucrose layer by high-speed centrifugation. The material is further purified by centrifugation onto a 68% sucrose cushion at high speed.
  • clarified culture medium can be passed through a size-exclusion matrix, to separate soluble components by size exclusion.
  • the clarified culture medium can be passed through an ultrafiltration membrane having a 10-20 nm pore size capable of retaining virus particles, but passing solute (non-particulate) culture medium components.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB are electron photomicrographs of HCV particles from cells derived from PTTX174 chimpanzee, at two different magnifications, where the bars in the figures indicate 50 nm.
  • Figures 2A-2E are electron photomicro- graphs showing further structural features and variations in HCV particles (composite of HCV's from liver derived from different HCV-infected chimpanzees) , where the bars in Figures 2A-2D represent 23 nm.
  • a core-like structure is evident in Figure 2C.
  • HCV particles from hepatocytes derived from the liver of PTTx266 chimpanzee
  • Figures 3A-3C show bar-like structures within the virus core (3A and 3C) and prominent envelope structures with external stalk projections (3B) .
  • the HCV particles have:
  • the virus particles isolated and visualized electron microscopically from the tissue cultured hepatocyte medium displayed a morphology similar to the genus flaviviruses of the Togaviridae family.
  • Togavirus virions consist of a lipid-containing envelope with surface projections sur ⁇ rounding a spherical nucleocapsid with proven or presumed icosahedral symmetry. Virions are 40 to 70 nm in diameter.
  • the genome consists of one molecule of positive-sense infectious ssRNA of MW 4xl0 6 .
  • the viruses exhibit pH- dependent hemagglutinating activity. Replication takes place in the cytoplasm, and assembly involves proven or presumed budding through host cell membranes. (See, for example. Murphy or Schlesinger) .
  • the chloroform sensitive nature of the HCV virus indicative of a lipid-containing envelope (Fein- stone)
  • the apparent size distribution of the HCV agent (30-60nm) determined by selective filtration techniques (He)
  • He selective filtration techniques
  • HCV particles isolated as disclosed above are also infectious. This is evidenced by the ability of cell culture medium from the HCV-infected primary or immortal ⁇ ized hepatocytes to produce HCV infection in chimpanzees. Details of one study in which culture medium from HCV- infected primary hepatocytes is used to infect chimpanzees are given in Example 4. Weekly blood samples and periodic liver biopsies showed active hepatitis infection at 16-20 weeks after initial infection.
  • the virus particles described in Example 2 were isolated from primary hepatocytes derived from the liver of a chimpanzee infected with the Hutchinson strain of HCV.
  • total RNA isolated from the biopsied liver sample was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, using HCV-specific primers, and the amplified fragment was cloned and sequenced, according to methods detailed in the Example 4.
  • the amplified, cloned HCV sequence (termed BTR 623) includes 623 nucleotides of HCV specific sequence. This isolate was compared to sequences of previously published JI and PT HCV clones (Kubo) , as shown in Figure 4.
  • HCV virus proteins have been obtained only in recombinant form, using expression vectors with known HCV coding sequences to express HCV proteins or peptides in a suitable expression system.
  • Such recombinant proteins are likely to differ from mature, intact virus proteins in glycosylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation modifica ⁇ tions, as well as terminal residue modifications or cleavages. These modifications, particularly glycosylation features, are likely to be important in virus interactions with host cells (Schlesinger) , and in the host's immune response to the virus.
  • the present invention allows glycosylation and other post-translation modifications in intact HCV virus proteins to be identified and isolated.
  • the glycosylation sites can be identified by standard Western blotting procedures (Harlow) , in which isolated HCV virus is fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) , and the virus protein bands are probed with HCV antisera, to identify immunoreactive viral proteins.
  • the viral proteins can be cleaved by selected proteases, prior to Western blotting, to identify immunore ⁇ active peptide fragments.
  • the immunoreactive proteins or protein fragments can be identified by amino acid sequenc ⁇ ing of the Western blot bands, either directly, or after additional band purification, if necessary.
  • proteins or fragments thereof which contain glycosylated residues can be identified.
  • proteins or fragments can be identified by comparing 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns of virus proteins or peptide fragments before and after treatment with selected glycosidases.
  • Two HCV proteins, gp35, and gp70 have been identified by others from coupled in vitro translation end studies, as containing glycosylation sites based on their sensitivity to endoHglycosidase. After identifying glycosylated proteins or peptides of interest, the isolated viral particles are used as a source of the selected glycoprotein or peptide.
  • Protein or pep ⁇ tide isolation from the viral particles can be carried out by standard methods, such as ion exchange and size-exclu- sion chromatography, and HPLC purification.
  • h e present invention contemplates in particular, mature gp35 (El) and gp70 (E2) HCV proteins with native glycosylation, and mature glycosylated peptides from these two proteins.
  • the proteins and peptides are useful in a diagnostic system and in a vaccine composition, as described in Section IV below.
  • the invention includes polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies specific against mature HCV particles and protein components thereof.
  • the antibodies are defined by specific immunoreactivity with features of HCV particles, or proteins or peptide fragments thereof, due to normal post-translational modification. That is, the antibodies are immunoreactive only with recombinant HCV proteins which contain normal virus post-translational modifications.
  • Polyclonal antibodies can be prepared, in accordance with one embodiment, by affinity chromotography, using the glycopeptide antigens identified from above immobilized on a solid support, for extracting immunoreactive antibodies in naturally-infected human or chimpanzee HCV anti-sera or antisera generated specifically against the glycopeptide antigen.
  • the glycosylated proteins or peptides from above can be used to produce monoclonal antibodies, employing standard methods (Harlow) . Briefly, the protein or peptide antigen is used to elicit an immune response in an animal, such as a mouse or rabbit, B lymphocytes from the spleen of the immunized animal are immortalized with a suitable hybridoma partner, and selection of desired hybridomas is made on the basis of immunoreactivity with the glycoprotein or peptide of interest.
  • the antibodies made by the selected hybridoma are useful in a diagnostic method, for screening human sera for HCV infection, and in a vaccine composition, for producing active immunity, as discussed in Section 4.
  • virus particles, and proteins and glycosylated peptides derived therefrom are useful as diagnostic reagents for detecting anti-HCV antibodies present in HCV- infected sera.
  • the mature particles, proteins and glycosylated peptides offer the advantage over recombinantly prepared HCV peptides and proteins in that in addition to peptide antigens, the agents provide potential ⁇ ly unique antigenic sites associated with mature viral proteins, such as glycosylated peptides.
  • test serum is reacted with a solid phase reagent having surface-bound viral proteins or peptides.
  • the reagent After binding anti-HCV antibody to the reagent and removing unbound serum compo- nents by washing, the reagent is reacted with reporter- labeled anti-human antibody to bind reporter to the reagent in proportion to the amount of bound anti-HCV antibody on the solid support. The reagent is again washed to remove unbound labeled antibody, and the amount of reporter associated with the reagent is determined.
  • the reporter is an enzyme which is detected by incubating the solid phase in the presence of a suitable fluorometric or colorimetric substrate.
  • the solid surface reagent in the above assay prepared by known techniques for attaching protein material to solid support material, such as polymeric beads, dip sticks, or filter material. These attachment methods generally include non-specific adsorption of the protein to the support or covalent attachment of the protein, typically through a free amine group, to a chemically reactive group on the solid support, such as an activated carboxyl, hydroxyl, or aldehyde group.
  • homogeneous assay In a second diagnostic configuration, known as a homogeneous assay, antibody binding to a solid support produces some change in the reaction medium which can be directly detected in the medium.
  • Known general types of homogeneous assays proposed heretofore include (a) spin- labeled reporters, where antibody binding to the antigen is detected by a change in reported mobility (broadening of the spin splitting peaks) , (b) fluorescent reporters, where binding is detected by a change in fluorescence efficiency, (c) enzyme reporters, where antibody binding effects enzyme/substrate interactions, and (d) liposome-bound reporters, where binding leads to liposome lysis and release of encapsulated reporter.
  • spin- labeled reporters where antibody binding to the antigen is detected by a change in reported mobility (broadening of the spin splitting peaks)
  • fluorescent reporters where binding is detected by a change in fluorescence efficiency
  • enzyme reporters where antibody binding effects enzyme/substrate interactions
  • liposome-bound reporters where binding leads to
  • the assay method involves reacting the serum from a test individual with the protein antigen and examining the antigen for the presence of bound antibody.
  • the examining may involve attaching a labeled anti-human antibody to the antibody being examined, either IgM (acute phase) or IgG (convales ⁇ cent or chronic phase) , and measuring the amount of reporter bound to the solid support, as in the first method, or may involve observing the effect of antibody binding on a homogeneous assay reagent, as in the second method.
  • kits for carrying out the assay method just described.
  • the kit generally includes a support with surface-bound mature virus particle, protein or peptide, and a reporter- labeled anti-human antibody for detecting surface-bound anti-409-1-1 antibody.
  • the virus particles, or mature processed proteins or antigenic peptides therefrom can be formulated for use in a HCV vaccine.
  • the vaccine can be formulated by standard methods, for example, in a suitable diluent such as water, saline, buffered salines, complete or incomplete adjuvants, and the like.
  • the immunogen is administered using standard techniques for antibody induction, such as by subcutaneous administration of physiologically compatible, sterile solutions containing inactivated or attenuated virus particles or antigens.
  • An immune response producing amount of virus particles is typically administered per vaccini- zing injection, typically in a volume of one milliliter or less.
  • a specific example of a vaccine composition includes, in a pharmacologically acceptable adjuvant, intact virus particles. This vaccine contains a combination of core and envelope antigens. Another specific example includes, in a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, a purified mature virus protein, such as the gp35 or gp70 protein, or a combination of C (core) protein with envelope protein, such as the gp35 or gp70 proteins.
  • a parenteral HCV virus infection was induced in chimpanzee PTTx7, a 14-year old female, by inoculation with 5 ml of a 20-fold concentrate of acute phase plasma of unknown titer derived from a second chimpanzee passage of the Hutchinson strain of HCV (obtained from Dr. K Burk, Biotech Resources, Inc., San Antonio, TX) ) was monitored by ALT/AST (alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransfer ⁇ ase) enzyme fluctuations from weekly blood samples and by histopathologic examination of periodic liver needle punch biopsies, according to published methods (Valenza) .
  • the "PTT" animal designations used herein identify individual chimpanzees housed at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedi- cal Research, San Antonio, TX. All biopsies were processed identically using conven ⁇ tional techniques. Immediately after harvesting, the liver biopsies were fixed for 1-3 hours in neutral buffered 3.7% formalin, processed manually according to standard proce ⁇ dures, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4 microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. All sections were examined histologically by the same board certified veterinary pathologist.
  • a liver punch biopsy taken after ALT elevations revealed an increased number of lymphocytes in portal areas and in the parenchyma of the liver. Associated with the parenchymal lesions were necrotic hepatocytes. The hepatocytes around central vein areas were often lightly stained and granular with minimal swelling of the cyto ⁇ plasm. All these changes described indicated minimal, lymphocytic, ultifocal, viral hepatitis. Liver wedge surgery was performed on week 14 at the onset of definitive ALT elevation. Ketamine hydrochloride was used as the immobilizing and preanesthetic agent. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia with non- hepatotoxic sodium pentobarbital.
  • liver wedge of approximately 10 g was perfused using a modification of established protocols (Maslansky) .
  • Microscopic examina- tion of liver tissue taken at this time revealed occasional collections of lymphocytes and macrophages in hepatic triads and in focal parenchymal areas. There were no other changes indicating a significant inflammatory response. Although minimal inflammation was present, this finding could be representative of normal liver tissue.
  • a two-step perfusion procedure was employed with all solutions maintained at 37°C throughout the perfusion procedure.
  • the initial perfusion lasted 10 minutes using 1 liter of Ca++, Mg++ -free Hanks Balanced salt solution supplemented with 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 0.5 mM EDTA, and 100 ,vg/ml gentamicin sulfate.
  • the next perfusion was for 20 minutes at approximately 60 ml/min. of Williams Medium E (WME) supplemented with 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 100 / yg/ml gentamicin sulfate, and 200 units/ml collagenase Type I (300 units/mg, Sigma, St. Louis. MO) .
  • the liver capsule from above was removed with fine forceps and hepatocytes were dislodged by gentle agitation in 100 ml of the above collagenase solution.
  • the hepato ⁇ cyte suspension was filtered through several layers of gauze pads into an equal volume of cold Williams Medium E (WME) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) , 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), and 100 ,vg/ml gentamicin sulfate.
  • Hepatocytes were sedimented at 50 x g for 5 minutes and cell pellets were resuspended in WME 5% FBS. Sedimentation was repeated twice, pellets were resuspended in 10 ml WME 5% FBS, and viability and cell density were determined by trypan blue exclusion.
  • PRIMARIA plates (Falcon, Becton-Dickinson, Lincoln Park, NJ) were coated with rat tail collagen (Michalopou- los) for 6 minutes at room temperature, the excess collagen was removed, and plates were dried overnight under U.V. light. Viable cells were plated at a density of 3-4 x lo 6 cells/60mm dish. Cell attachment occurred during a 3-hour incubation at 37°C, 10% C0 2 in WME, 5% FBS, at which time cell monolayers were gently washed one time with WME and re-fed with the serum-free medium formulation described below. The medium was changed 24 hours after isolation and at 48 hour intervals thereafter.
  • the cultured hepatocytes displayed a typical hepato ⁇ cyte morphology as observed by phase-contrast microscopy on day 5 of culture. This morphology was maintained until days 21-28 when the cultures exhibited a degenerative process.
  • the serum-free media (SFM) formulation utilized a basal medium supplement- ed with 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 2.75 mg/ml NaHC0 3 , and 50 / /g/ml gentamicin, together with the supplements as listed below.
  • SFM serum-free media
  • Table 2 Williams Medium E (WME) served as a basal medium.
  • WME Williams Medium E
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • Linoleic Acid 0.5 ml 5 mg/ml Insulin
  • LGF liver growth factor, i.e., glycyl- histidyl-lysine
  • WME was purchased with L-glutamine and without
  • albumin, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein E were monitored by immunoblotting of sequential aliquots of tissue culture medium, according to standard methods (Haslow) . Briefly, proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) , and were electrophoretically transferred to Nylon-X nitrocellulose filters (Fisher) at 100 mA current for 16 hours at 4°C.
  • SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • albumin detected by this immunoblot procedure remained at constant levels throughout the culture period. Although albumin is a marker for differentiated hepatocytes, it is not as stringent of a marker for the differentiated state as is lipoprotein synthesis.
  • Bound proteins from the culture medium were eluted with 50 ⁇ l electrophoresis sample buffer containing 2% SDS and 2% 2-mercaptoethanol, heated at 100°C for 10 min. and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Gels were processed for fluorography with Auto luor (National Diagnostics, Somerville, NJ) , dried, and autoradiographed at -85° C on XAR-5 film.
  • the intensities of the polypeptide bands in descending order were albumin, ⁇ -1 antitrypsin, plasminogen, fibrinogen, transferrin, apo A-I and E, beta-2 macroglobulin, pre-albumin, apo A-II and A- III, complement components C3, C4 and C5, C-reactive protein, and apo C-2 and C-3. All markers examined were detected with the exception of ⁇ -fetoprotein, which is a marker for poorly differentiated hepatocytes.
  • Infected primary hepatocyte cells from above were grown on coverslips and analyzed at various times during the culture period for the presence of a novel HCV virus- associated antigen that can be detected by immunocytochemi- cal staining (Burk) .
  • Typical cytoplasmic staining was observed in all samples examined, with a tendency for the percentage of cells expressing this marker to increase with time in culture. However, the number of cells with definitive staining never increased above 10%.
  • culture media were collected on days 11 and 13 in cultured hepatocytes from a second chimpanzee (PTTxl74) which had been infected in vivo by inoculation with acute phase plasma from chimpanzee PTTx7.
  • a sample of culture medium was clarified by centrifu ⁇ gation at 12,000 x g, 30 min. at 4°C.
  • the clarified medium (23 ml) was layered over a discontinuous sucrose gradient formed of 5 mis of 68% sucrose in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) , and 10 ml of 20% sucrose.
  • the layered material was centrifuged at 27,000 rpm (131,000 x g) in a Beckman SW28 rotor for 3.8 hours.
  • a 2 ml sample at the 68%/20% sucrose interface was drawn off and diluted to a final sucrose concentration of 20% with PBS.
  • Several gradients (4-6) were prepared from the media collected from each time point.
  • the diluted material (12.5 ml) was layered over 1 ml of the 68% sucrose solution and centrifuged at 30,000 rpm (154,000 x g) for 16 hours in a Beckman SW41 rotor.
  • the interface material (at the top of the 68% sucrose layer) was collected by bottom puncture, collecting 1-1.5 ml of material.
  • the isolated material, containing purified HCV virus, was frozen at -85°C.
  • Purified HCV virus specimens from above were examined by a modification of the pseudoreplication technique (Portnoy) . Briefly, 10 ⁇ l of virus-containing fluid was pipetted onto agar disks (2% in 0.15M NaCl, 0.01% erthio- late) . The agar disk surfaces were covered with a Parlo- dion film, 0.75% in amyl acetate (Mallinckrodt, Paris, KY) . The film containing the HCV viral agent was floated onto a liquid surface in a 1% phosphotungstic acid, pH 7.0, and retrieved by immersion onto copper grids (3mm) . After drying, the specimens were examined by transmission electron microscopy without further treatment.
  • agar disks 2% in 0.15M NaCl, 0.01% erthio- late
  • the agar disk surfaces were covered with a Parlo- dion film, 0.75% in amyl acetate (Mallinckrodt, Paris, KY) .
  • Virus particles were observed in the samples obtained from the purified tissue culture medium.
  • Figures 1-3 are electron micrographs of the observed material. The morphological features of the particles are described above.
  • Tissue culture medium as described above was collected from PTTx7 hepatocyte cultures at two-day intervals, and passed through 0.45 ⁇ filters and stored at - 100° C.
  • a pool of media from days 3 through 31 were collected (190 ml total) and concentrated by pressure dialysis under N 2 gas at 4°C with an exclusion membrane of 30,000 MW (YM30, Amicon, Beverly, MA)).
  • An 8-fold concen ⁇ trate (22 ml) was stored at -100°C until use.
  • the concen ⁇ trated material (10 ml) was used to inoculate an HBV-immune chimpanzee (PTTxl96) .
  • liver needle biopsies Weekly blood samples and periodic liver needle biopsies were obtained from PTTX196 for analysis. A slight increase in ALT occurred during week 4 and microscopic examination of a liver needle biopsy at that time revealed minimal changes similar to those observed in normal tissue, but of interest under these conditions. Liver needle biopsies taken during weeks 8 and 12 exhibited essentially normal tissue with no microscopic lesions recognized. Due to the delay in onset of clinical hepatitis, a second injection of the same inoculum (7ml) was administered at week 12. This was followed by an elevation in ALT values three weeks later. Peak ALT was exhibited 16-20 weeks after the first inoculation.
  • Histologic examination of a liver needle biopsy taken at week 14 showed early signs of hepatitis, including foci of inflammatory cells in the hepatic parenchyma, and hydropic generation of hepatocytes with occasional necrotic hepatocytes. Electron microscopic examination of the biopsy revealed the presence of cyto- plasmic tubules which are typical of HCV-infected tissue.
  • Plasma samples taken from PTTxl96 during weeks 0, 18 and 23 of this experimental HCV infection were analyzed for an increase in antibody titer to cytomegalovirus, Epstein- Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, HBV surface and core an ⁇ tigens (HBsAG, HBcAG) , and spumavirus, since these agents may cause hepatitis or could be transmitted by this methodology. No change in the antibody response to these agents was detected in the plasma samples from PTTX196. These results demonstrate that the disease transmitted to PTTX196 was caused by an HCV agent.
  • Chimpanzee PTTX198 an 8 year old male chimpanzee, had been inoculated with the Hutchinson strain of HCV virus used in Example 2.
  • a liver wedge was used to isolate hepatocytes, which were cultured as HCV-infected primary hepatocytes as described in Example 1.
  • the culture medium was used to purify virus as detailed in Example 2.
  • HCV particles of the type seen in Figures 1-3 and reported in Example 2, were observed.
  • RNA was used for cDNA synthesis with a specific hepatitis C virus (HVC) oligodeoxyribonucleotide as a primer for reverse transcription.
  • HVC hepatitis C virus
  • the primer for cDNA synthesis was derived from a previously reported primer (Kubo) , and has the sequence: (5'-GGAAGCTTGACATGCATGTCATGATGTA-3')
  • the primer includes 20 nucleotides of HCV specific sequence and 8 nucleotides at its 5' end containing a Hindlll restriction site for subsequent cloning purposes.
  • the reverse transcription was performed as described (Sambrook) in the presence of 5 ⁇ g of RNA, 0.5 ug of 3' primer, 2 units of reverse transcriptase (E. Yalen Biotech, Cambridge, MA) in a 10 ⁇ l reaction volume contain- ing 50 mM Tris-HCL pH 8.2, 6mM MgC12, 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 500 /M of each of the four deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTP) .
  • This fragment was gel purified and amplified again by 30 cycles of PCR.
  • the resulting DNA was gel purified, digested with EcoRl and Hindlll and cloned into the EcoRI/Hindlll site of plasmid pGEMXl (Promega, Madison, WI) .
  • the nucleotide seguence was determined by dideoxy chain termination method on double stranded DNA using the SP6 and T3 promoter primers (Promega) .
  • Example 5 HCV Particles from In Vitro Infected Primary Cells
  • HCV particles were obtained from primary hepatocytes which were infected in vivo. i.e., prior to culturing as primary hepatocytes.
  • uninfected chimpanzee primary hepatocytes in culture were infected with HCV in culture, and the virus was allowed to replicate in the infected cells.
  • Liver wedge biopsies were obtained from healthy, uninfected chimps identified as PTTx266, a 5 year old male chimpanzee, and PTTX344, a 1 year old female chimpanzee.
  • the liver biopsies were used to produce primary cultured hepatocytes, according to the methods detailed in Example 1.
  • the cells were infected with a pool of acute phase plasma from HCV-infected chimpanzees.
  • the virus stock was a pool of acute-phase plasma from HCV-infected chimpanzees.
  • the stock was diluted five-fold in SFM and added to the cultures.
  • the cultures were incubated for 3 hr at 37°C with the inoculum, and then 1.5 ml of SFM was added to the cultures and the incubation was continued for 16 hr.
  • the cultures were washed three times with WME to remove residual inoculum and changed to SFM.
  • a sample of culture medium was taken at days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 for the PTTx266 animal, and at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 for the PTTX344 animal.
  • Virus particles were isolated from culture medium by sucrose gradient centrifugation, as detailed in Example 2. The samples were examined by electron microscopy to determine viral counts. The results are shown in Table 1 above, expressed as virus particles per ml of culture medium.
  • the table also shows virus counts observed for culture medium obtained at various times after initial culturing, for cell cultures derived from liver cells of HCV-infected chimpanzees, PTTxl96, PTTX174, PTTX268, and PTTX198.
  • Uninfected primary chimpanzee hepatocytes derived from PTTx266 were cultured in SFM, substantially as described in Example 1 for HCV-infected cells.
  • the cells were immortal ⁇ ized with a retrovirus derived from the U19-5 cell line which constitutively produces the U19 amphoteric retrovi ⁇ rus.
  • the U19-5 cell line was a gift from Drs. P.S. Jat and P.A. Sharp, M.I.T. (Cambridge, MA).
  • the retrovirus recombinant plasmid construct has been described in detail (Jat) .
  • the plasmid construct produces a large T antigen protein defective for binding to the SV40 origin of replication.
  • the U19-5 cell line was grown in DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) under standard culture conditions (Jat) . Culture medium was collected at 24-hour intervals and passed through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter (Amicon, Beverly, CA) ) prior to use for infection of primary hepatocyte cultures. Subconfluent cultures of primary hepatocytes (Example 1) were infected one day post-plating by the addition of 1 ml of U19-5 culture medium to the cells in the presence of PolybreneTM (8 //g/ml) . The plating density was such as to allow the cells several rounds of cell division to occur after introduction of the oncogene.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • G418 Geneticin, GIBCO, Gaithersburg, MA
  • the cells were then treated by a collagenase/dispase (Boehringer Mannheim) solution at a concentration of 100 //g/ml in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH7.2) for 10 minutes at 37°C.
  • PBS phosphate-buffered saline
  • Cells were pelleted at 50 x g for six minutes, resuspended in a minimal volume of 5% FBS/WME and allowed to attach during a 2-3 hour period at 37°C under 10% C0 2 .
  • the cells were plated at a low cell density so that single colony outgrowths could be isolated and subcloned. From over 100 colonies, over 70 were picked based upon differences in morphological appearance.
  • the cell lines are designated CHMP cells, and are assigned cell line numbers, such as CHMP 1.21, CHMP 1.22, etc.
  • Example 7 HCV Infectivitv of Immortalized Hepatocytes
  • Immortalized chimpanzee hepatocytes derived from HCV- infected primary hepatocytes were prepared substantially as described in Example 6, but using hepatocytes obtained from a liver biopsy of a chimpanzee (PTTX198) with acute-phase HCV.
  • the cell lines are designated CU cell lines.
  • CHMP CHMP
  • CU cell lines were cultivated on collagen coated 25 cm 2 Primaria flasks in SFM under normal conditions (37°C, 10% COj atmosphere) .
  • the inoculum was a pool of plasmas obtained from three chimpanzees (PTTx7, PTTX268, and PTTxl74) during the acute phase of a HCV infection and did not contain any other infectious agent.
  • the plasmas were diluted 5-fold in SFM and 1 ml was added to the cultures.
  • the cells were washed three times with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the cellular RNA was extracted and purified using a standard GITC extraction procedure (Chomozynski) .
  • the cells were lysed with a solution containing 4M guanidine isothiocyanate, 0.18% 2- mercaptoe- thanol, and 0.5% sarcosyl.
  • the cell lysate was extracted several times with acidic phenol-chloroform- isoamyl alcohol, and the RNA was precipitated with isopropanol.
  • the purified RNA was resuspended in water and one tenth of each sample was used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to detect the HCV RNA genome.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • PCR was conducted using standard methodology, as detailed above (Innis) .
  • the first step involved a cDNA reaction in which a DNA copy of the HCV RNA was made using reverse transcriptase and an oligonucleotide primer designated 6A that is complementary to the strain of HCV used in our studies.
  • the four primers used for cDNA and PCR were derived from the putative nonstructural region of HCV designated NS3 and their sequences are given below.
  • the sequence of these primers was derived from the sequence of a cDNA clone of a strain of HCV as previously described (Jacob, 1991) .
  • a portion of the cDNA reaction mixture (l/4th) was PCR amplified for 35 cycles using the Tag polymerase and the oligonucleotide primers 5A and 6A.
  • a portion of the first round of PCR (l/50th) was used for a second round of PCR using the primers 5B and 6B.
  • Figure 5 shows a gel analysis of the PCR products from HCV-infected CU cell lines.
  • Figure 6 shows a gel analysis of PCR products from HCV-infected CHMP cell lines. The results of the gel studies are described above.

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Abstract

Particules de virus de l'hépatite C intactes, protéines de tels virus purifiées et antigènes glycopeptides spécifiques auxdites particules. Les particules de virus, sous forme inactivée ou atténuée, sont utiles dans un vaccin. Les protéines purifiées, et les antigènes glycopeptides sont utiles dans un système de diagnostic, pour le dépistage d'antiserums du virus de l'hépatite C humain, et dans les compositions de vaccin. L'invention porte également sur des anticorps agissant spécifiquement sur les antigènes glycopeptides.
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Cited By (11)

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WO1993025662A3 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1994-09-01 Hiroshi Yoshikura Replication du genome du virus de l'hepatite c et identification des virus a haut pouvoir infectieux
US5350671A (en) * 1987-11-18 1994-09-27 Chiron Corporation HCV immunoassays employing C domain antigens
EP0569537A4 (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-10-05 Abbott Lab Monoclonal antibodies to putative hcv envelope region and methods for using same
WO1994025064A1 (fr) * 1993-05-04 1994-11-10 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMANSERVIC ES Propagation de cellules virales de l'hepatite c et procedes associes
US5683864A (en) * 1987-11-18 1997-11-04 Chiron Corporation Combinations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens for use in immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies
US5712087A (en) * 1990-04-04 1998-01-27 Chiron Corporation Immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies employing combinations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens
WO1999067362A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale I.N.S.E.R.M. Procede de replication in vitro du virus de l'hepatite c
WO2001036601A1 (fr) * 1999-11-18 2001-05-25 Chiron S.P.A. Methode de preparation d'arn du virus de l'hcv purifie par separation d'exosome
EP0398748B1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 2002-01-09 Chiron Corporation Diagnostics de NANBV: polynucléotides utiles pour le criblage du virus de l'hépatite C
WO2004087760A1 (fr) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-14 Inserm (Institut National De La Sante De La Reche Rche Medicale) Anticorps diriges contre le virus de l'hepatite c, complexe e1e2, compositions de particules du virus de l'hepatite c et compositions pharmaceutiques
US7348138B2 (en) * 2000-10-04 2008-03-25 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Method of inducing cell death using West Nile virus capsid protein

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WO2000055635A1 (fr) * 1999-03-16 2000-09-21 Serex Inc. Methode et appareil de detection d'apo a, d'apo b et de leur taux dans la salive

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5350671A (en) * 1987-11-18 1994-09-27 Chiron Corporation HCV immunoassays employing C domain antigens
US5683864A (en) * 1987-11-18 1997-11-04 Chiron Corporation Combinations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens for use in immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies
EP0398748B1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 2002-01-09 Chiron Corporation Diagnostics de NANBV: polynucléotides utiles pour le criblage du virus de l'hépatite C
US5712087A (en) * 1990-04-04 1998-01-27 Chiron Corporation Immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies employing combinations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens
US6312889B1 (en) 1990-04-04 2001-11-06 Chiron Corporation Combinations of hepatitis c virus (HCV) antigens for use in immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies
EP0569537A4 (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-10-05 Abbott Lab Monoclonal antibodies to putative hcv envelope region and methods for using same
WO1993025662A3 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1994-09-01 Hiroshi Yoshikura Replication du genome du virus de l'hepatite c et identification des virus a haut pouvoir infectieux
WO1994025064A1 (fr) * 1993-05-04 1994-11-10 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMANSERVIC ES Propagation de cellules virales de l'hepatite c et procedes associes
WO1999067362A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale I.N.S.E.R.M. Procede de replication in vitro du virus de l'hepatite c
EP0972828A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 2000-01-19 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) Procés pour la réplication in vitro du HCV
WO2001036601A1 (fr) * 1999-11-18 2001-05-25 Chiron S.P.A. Methode de preparation d'arn du virus de l'hcv purifie par separation d'exosome
US7198923B1 (en) 1999-11-18 2007-04-03 Novartis Vaccines And Diagnostics, Inc. Method for the preparation of purified HCV RNA by exosome separation
US7807438B2 (en) 1999-11-18 2010-10-05 Novartis Ag Preparation of purified exosomes comprising HCV RNA
US7348138B2 (en) * 2000-10-04 2008-03-25 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Method of inducing cell death using West Nile virus capsid protein
WO2004087760A1 (fr) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-14 Inserm (Institut National De La Sante De La Reche Rche Medicale) Anticorps diriges contre le virus de l'hepatite c, complexe e1e2, compositions de particules du virus de l'hepatite c et compositions pharmaceutiques
US7524650B2 (en) 2003-04-01 2009-04-28 Inserm Antibodies directed against hepatitis C virus E1E2 complex, compositions of HCV particles, and pharmaceutical compositions
US8007792B2 (en) 2003-04-01 2011-08-30 Inserm Antibodies directed against hepatitis C virus E1E2 complex, compositions of HCV particles, and pharmaceutical compositions

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