WO1991001362A1 - Additive for influencing the rheology of oils and greases, its manufacture and use - Google Patents
Additive for influencing the rheology of oils and greases, its manufacture and use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991001362A1 WO1991001362A1 PCT/EP1990/001148 EP9001148W WO9101362A1 WO 1991001362 A1 WO1991001362 A1 WO 1991001362A1 EP 9001148 W EP9001148 W EP 9001148W WO 9101362 A1 WO9101362 A1 WO 9101362A1
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- meth
- oils
- additive
- polymer compounds
- polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/50—Medical uses
Definitions
- the invention relates to novel additives and. Additive mixtures for influencing the rheology of oils and / or fats, the importance of this additive being demonstrated in the application, in particular under the action of mechanical force.
- the invention encompasses the production of these novel additives and their use in oils and / or fats, in particular in the lubricant sector.
- Additives of the type concerned here are used, for example, in order to prevent the formation of undesired oil mists, to improve the thread pulling ability and / or to improve the adhesion of oils, or to provide oils and / or greases with improved shear stability in general.
- the object of the invention is to provide an additive for to provide, which is characterized by particularly advantageous effects in the area of application concerned here.
- the technical solution to this problem lies in the selection of a very specific class of polymer, which is characterized on the one hand by the structure of the polymer-forming monomer components, but at the same time is also determined by minimum limits on the degree of polymerization.
- the invention relates in a first embodiment to an additive for increasing the adhesive strength and cohesion of oils and fats based on synthetic polymer compounds which are soluble in an oil phase, the characteristic of this additive being that as synthetic polymer compounds it contains carboxyl-free homo- and / or mixed polymers of esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and monofunctional alcohols with at least 4 carbon atoms, these polymer compounds also having other copolymerizable carboxyl-free comonomers in at most approximately the same proportions, and that the synthetic polymer compounds selected according to the invention also have an intrinsic viscosity C. "J_I, measured in tetrahydrofuran at 20 ° C, of at least 300 ml. G.
- the intrinsic viscosity O.' ⁇ of the carboxyl-free polymer compounds is preferably - likewise measured at 20 C in tetr ahydro ⁇ furan - at least 500 mi.
- Particularly suitable polymer compounds have corresponding values for [> 3 of at least 800 ml. g.
- the essential monomer units for the polymer compounds provided according to the invention as an additive are selected esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid - hereinafter referred to simply as (meth) acrylates or (meth) acrylic acid esters for the sake of simplicity.
- the alcohol component of these (meth) acrylates is derived from straight-chain and / or branched monofunctional alcohols with at least 4 carbon atoms, with corresponding alcohol residues with at least 6 carbon atoms and in particular those in the C chain range from 6 to 18 being particularly preferred.
- Representatives of these monomer units which are important in practice contain, at least in the majority of the (meth) acrylates, straight-chain and / or branched and / or also saturated cyclic alcohol residues with preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- n-hexyl (meth) acrylates and / or 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylates can be of particular importance as the main monomer component.
- the polymer compounds provided as an additive according to the invention can be homopolymers and / or copolymers of the type specified, with conceptually separating two classes in the field of copolymers.
- the invention also includes the use of copolymerizable monomer compounds which are free of carboxyl groups and which do not correspond to the (meth) acrylate definition according to the invention.
- the comonomer content is expediently at most about 35% by weight. -% and preferably not more than about 25 wt .-% - each based on the monomer mixture.
- Suitable comonomers of the last-mentioned type can, for example, styrene and styrene derivatives such as alkylstyrenes, (meth) acrylates of monofunctional alcohols with less than 4 carbon atoms, acrylonitrile, vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate and / or vinyl esters of higher aliphatic carboxylic acids with up to 1 8 carbon atoms or other conventional comonomers.
- the additive according to the invention is preferably designed as a solution of the polymer compound in a carrier oil which is pourable at normal temperature.
- a carrier oil which is pourable at normal temperature.
- Any oil phases can be used as the carrier oil, which allow the additive to be mixed homogeneously into the oil or fat preparation that is ultimately to be modified.
- Oils based on pure hydrocarbon compounds come into consideration here - provided they are sufficiently soluble.
- carrier oils which are distinguished by increased biological compatibility. As a rule, these are hydrocarbon compounds that are derivatized with oxygen functions.
- the ester oils can be of particular practical importance. Suitable are, for example, ester oils on a natural and / or synthetic basis, with ester oils of natural origin again being particularly important for reasons of environmental compatibility.
- Suitable as carrier oil are, for example, refined triglycerides of fatty acids with up to 24 C atoms which are free-flowing at room temperature and which are, in particular in the range C.sub.1-, at least partially mono- and / or poly-olefinically unsaturated.
- the amount of the polymer compound used in the carrier oil of the additive is determined by application engineering aspects, in particular by the desired ease of handling of this additive when it is added and mixed into oils and / or fats in the lubricant range.
- the polymer content in the additive can accordingly be, for example, up to 5% by weight and is preferably in the range from about 0.5 to 3% by weight, based in each case on the total additive weight.
- the polymer compounds used according to the invention as an additive are produced in particular by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium. It is preferred to maintain comparatively low temperatures during the polymerization process. Preferred working temperatures in the polymerization are in the range up to about 60 ° C., with maintenance of working temperatures in the range from about 25 to 35 ° C. being expedient, in particular during the reaction period, which is characterized by an exothermic course of the reaction. It is then expedient to heat up to a maximum of about 60 ° C. only to complete the polymerization reaction.
- the water phase used for the aqueous emulsion polymerization preferably contains surface-active compounds, in particular anionic surfactants, in order to promote the water-solubility of the monomer compounds, which are essentially water-insoluble.
- the amount of these surfactants can, for example, up to 15 wt. -% - based on the monomers used or.
- Monomer mixture - make up and is expediently in the range of about 1 to 15% by weight and in particular in the range of about 3 to 10% by weight. -%, each based on the monomer weight.
- the surface-active compounds can be used in their entirety from the start, but they can also be added to the aqueous medium if desired in the course of the reaction.
- Suitable anionic surfactants belong, for example, to the classes of the alkyl or aryl sulfonates, the alkyl or aryl sulfates and the ether sulfates. Suitable examples are, for example, fatty alcohol sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate or corresponding fatty alcohol ether sulfates such as the sodium salt of a C. .. fatty alcohol. 4 EO sulfates.
- Other suitable anionic emulsifiers are alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylphenol sulfates or alkylphenol ether sulfates.
- emulsifiers are sulfosuccinic acid derivatives - for example, dialkylsulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinates of alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated, alkanols, especially fatty alcohols.
- Aqueous emulsion polymerization at comparatively low temperatures with the use of surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants as solubilizers, is a process technology which is known in principle. Reference is made, for example, to EP-A2-0 048 084.
- the polymerization process can be carried out according to two basic process types. In the first case, the entire amount of monomers is placed in the aqueous surfactant reaction system, in the second case the polymerization process is started first with a limited amount of monomer and further monomer or monomer mixture is metered in during the process.
- Suitable polymerization catalysts are usually so-called redox systems, for example ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate in combination with ascorbic acid, sodium di-thionite, sodium sulfite or sodium thiosulfate.
- Preferred amounts of the initiator system are in the range from about 0.05 to 0.8% by weight, in particular in the range from about 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, based on the monomers used.
- the invention relates to a particularly simple process for incorporating the aqueous emulsion polymers or emulsion copolymers prepared in this way into the carrier oil of the additive. It has been found that the simplest and, at the same time, reliably repeatable process form without training is more troublesome Incrustations on mixing containers and / or mixing devices is carried out as follows: The aqueous polymer emulsion is distributed under normal pressure and preferably at comparatively low temperatures, e.g. B. below 60 ° C, if desired with limited stirring homogeneously finely dispersed in the oil phase and then leaves the multicomponent mixture with or without heating in this state until the polymer compound has passed into the oil phase.
- comparatively low temperatures e.g. B. below 60 ° C
- the finely dispersed aqueous phase which generally gives the reaction mixture an opalescent appearance at this stage.
- the aqueous phase can now be separated off in a subsequent reaction step. In a simple form, this is done by applying a vacuum. Clear or bare solutions of the polymer are then formed in the carrier oil.
- the conversion of the emulsion polymer into the carrier oil and the removal of the water can also be carried out in one process step, if desired with heating, for example to 110.degree.
- a sufficiently high molecular weight of the (meth) acrylate homo- or copolymers is an important requirement for the intended application.
- the minimum limit values already expressed are expressed as the limit viscosity number Cr in ml. g refer to the definition customary in the art, see, for example, Vollmert "Outline of Macromolecular Chemistry” Volume I I I, pages 55 to 61 (E. Vollmert, Düsseldorf, 1982).
- the invention relates to oils and / or fats, in particular of the lubricant range, with improved pressure-sensitive adhesiveness and / or cohesion, which are characterized by a content of polymer compounds of the type according to the invention.
- the content of these polymer compounds in the form of use of these oils and / or fats which is finally used is usually at a maximum of about 5% by weight. -% and preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 3 wt. -I - each based on oil- b between Fat base.
- the polymer compounds can be incorporated in a simple manner by means of the additive according to the invention, which already contains the polymer compounds dissolved in a carrier oil.
- the oils and fats can in turn be based on biologically compatible structures.
- Areas of application for the materials improved according to the invention are, for example, hydraulic oils, saw chain oils, rust protection oils, mold release agents or. Formwork oils, greases and the like.
- the addition of the polymer compounds in the sense of the invention leads to multifaceted improvements when using the oils and fats. So the so-called loss lubrication in saw chain oils, d. H. the risk of oil being thrown off during operation is substantially reduced.
- formwork oils or mold release agents the drainage of the oil phase is reduced even when the mold is arranged vertically. With the action of strong mechanical forces, which normally lead to the formation of oil mist, an effective reduction of this undesirable phenomenon is achieved.
- the thread pulling ability is significantly increased.
- a significant improvement is also achieved by adding the poly (meth) acrylate compounds described according to the invention.
- the process is carried out under a stream of nitrogen, the working temperature of the first process step is from 28 to 29 ° C., the reaction takes about 3 hours.
- the water, the emulsifier and the (meth) acrylate are introduced into a stirring apparatus consisting of a four-necked flask with a stirrer, thermometer and 2 dropping funnels and a nitrogen inlet.
- the starter components are added to the dropping funnel as an aqueous solution.
- the reaction system is vented and filled with nitrogen.
- the polymerization is started in the order given above.
- the catalyst is post-catalyzed with 50% starter and the reaction is continued at 60 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the following table shows the monomers or monomer mixtures used in parts by weight (parts by weight) and the limit viscosity number in the last column.
- solubility behavior of the polymer compounds in two characteristic oil phases based on ester oil is given.
- the product sold under the trade name "KE 491” is a mixed ester of trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol and a C fi _- 2 - forward fatty acid cut (commercial product "Edenor V 85 KR").
- Example 2 The emulsion polymerization of ethylhexyl methacrylate according to Example 1 is repeated with variations of the initiator. As described in Example 1, ethylhexyl methacrylate, diethylhexylsulfosuccinate and water are introduced and degassed. The initiator was varied according to the information in Table 2 below. Table 2
- Example 2 As described in Example 1, 100 g of ethylhexyl methacrylate, the emigators mentioned in Table 3 below and 400 g of water are introduced. The reactions were initiated with 0.1 g ammonium persulfate and 0.15 g ascorbic acid.
- the mixture was degassed with stirring and brought to a temperature of 29 ° C.
- the temperature was kept between 29 and 31 ° C. by cooling with a water bath.
- the result is a 40% coagulate-free dispersion.
- the polymer has an intrinsic viscosity of 830 ml. g measured at 20 C in THF.
- Mixture A 10 wt. % additive according to the invention (0.25% by weight
- Polymer in the beet oil) mixture B 0.9% by weight of a commercially available styrene-butadiene
- Copolymers (commercial product "Clissoviscal SG") in refined rapeseed oil
- the product was subjected to a moisture chamber test in two further tests to check the adhesiveness.
- a 50 x 25 x 1 mm steel sheet was immersed in the additive according to the invention, another steel sheet in refined rapeseed oil and hung in the moisture chamber after an hour of dripping (original Kesternich corrosion tester from Köhler KC in 4780 Lippstadt-Lipperode ).
- Test conditions 100% humidity, 50 C in the apparatus, passage of 875 I air / h.
- the sheets were checked for signs of corrosion every 24 hours.
- the sheet, which was immersed in rapeseed oil already showed degree of corrosion 3 after one day (5% of the surface corroded), whereas this was only the case with the other sheet after 6 days.
- the second test was also carried out in the moisture chamber.
- a lithium saponified grease based on rapeseed was used as the carrier substance for the additive according to the invention:
- test sheet coated with recipe A showed degree of corrosion 3 after 7 days, the second test sheet, however, only after 14 days.
- aqueous test liquid To produce an aqueous test liquid, the following two constituents were first mixed together in equal parts by weight: naphthenic mineral oil (hand ice product “Pionier 4556” from Hansen & Rosenthal, Hamburg) and emulsifier (commercial product “Eumulgin KE 2132 A” from the applicant) rin). This liquid phase is divided into 2 parts. The additive according to the invention is added to one portion in an amount of 1% by weight. The mixtures are then 3 cew each. -% emulsified in distilled water.
- naphthenic mineral oil hand ice product "Pionier 4556” from Hansen & Rosenthal, Hamburg
- emulsifier commercial product "Eumulgin KE 2132 A” from the applicant
- test liquids are determined using the procedure under 1.
- the peristaltic pump described is pumped through a 2 m long PE hose with an inner diameter of 8 mm.
- a shower head made of glass
- the other end of the hose ended in a glass container that contained 3000 ml of the test liquid.
- the liquid jet emerging from the shower head was blown with a hot air jet by a hair dryer.
- a 200 x 200 mm glass pane was mounted on the right broad side of the basin.
- the distance between the hair dryer and shower head has now been increased until no more splashes hit the window.
- the distance for the first test liquid was 151 cm
- the distance between the hair dryer and shower head could be reduced to 135 cm.
- the Shell four-ball apparatus in accordance with DIN 51 350 T 1 served as the operating and loading unit.
- the two test oils were sheared by means of a tapered roller bearing (tester from Optimol, Kunststoff, tapered roller holder according to VW PV 1437).
- Test conditions temperature: 65 C duration: 60 minutes load: 2000 N Composition of the test oils: Test oil 1: 95% refined rapeseed oil
- Test oil 2 80% refined rapeseed oil
- the viscosity of the first mixture after the shear was 38.5 mm / s, that of the second mixture 46.3 mm / s at 40 C. Since the beet oil itself has a viscosity of 35.6 mm / s at 40 C, The shear loss of the first mixture was 41.4%, but that of the second was 83.4%.
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- Lubricants (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- I - - I -
Additiv zur Beeinflussung der Rheologie von ölen und Fetten , sei ne Herstel lung und seine VerwendungAdditive to influence the rheology of oils and fats, its manufacture and its use
Die Erfindung betrifft neuartige Additive bzw . Additivgemische zur Beeinflussung der Rheologie von ölen und/oder Fetten , wobei sich die Bedeutung dieses Additivzusatzes insbesondere unter mechanischer Krafteinwi rkung im Anwendungsfal l ausweist. Die Erfindung umfaßt die Herstel lung dieser neuartigen Additive sowie ihren Einsatz in Ölen und/oder Fetten insbesondere des Schmier¬ mittelbereichs .The invention relates to novel additives and. Additive mixtures for influencing the rheology of oils and / or fats, the importance of this additive being demonstrated in the application, in particular under the action of mechanical force. The invention encompasses the production of these novel additives and their use in oils and / or fats, in particular in the lubricant sector.
Es ist bekannt , Stoffen bzw . Stoffgemischen auf Basis organischer Ö le und /oder Fette sogenannte tackifier zuzusetzen , um das cha¬ rakteristische Eigenschaftsbi ld bei der Verwendung solcher Ö le und Fette zu verbessern . Zusatzstoffe dieser Art sind in der Regel öl lösliche Polymerverbindungen verschiedenartigsten Ur¬ sprungs . I hr Zusatz beispielsweise zu Schmierstoff-relevanten Formul ierungen führt in erwünschter Weise zur Abwandlung rheoiogischer Eigenschaften , insbesondere bei der Einwirkung von Scherkräften . Unter dem Einfluß von mechanischen Krafteinwir¬ kungen können wichtige Verbesserungen zur Adhäsion und/oder Kohäsion der Öle und /oder Fette eingestellt werden . Additive der hier betroffenen Art werden beispielsweise eingesetzt , um das Entstehen unerwünschter Ölnebel zu verhindern , das Fadenzieh¬ vermögen und/oder das Haftvermögen von ölen zu verbessern oder ganz allgemein öle und/oder Fette verbesserter Scher¬ stabi lität zur Verfügung zu stel len .It is known that fabrics or. Mixtures of substances based on organic oils and / or fats add so-called tackifiers in order to improve the characteristic property picture when using such oils and fats. Additives of this type are generally oil-soluble polymer compounds of various origins. Adding them, for example, to lubricant-relevant formulations desirably leads to a modification of rheological properties, especially when exposed to shear forces. Important improvements for the adhesion and / or cohesion of the oils and / or fats can be adjusted under the influence of mechanical forces. Additives of the type concerned here are used, for example, in order to prevent the formation of undesired oil mists, to improve the thread pulling ability and / or to improve the adhesion of oils, or to provide oils and / or greases with improved shear stability in general.
Die Erfindung geht von der Aufgabe aus , ein Additiv zur Ver- fügung zu stellen , das sich auf dem hier betroffenen Einsatz¬ gebiet durch besonders vortei lhafte Wirkungen auszeichnet.The object of the invention is to provide an additive for to provide, which is characterized by particularly advantageous effects in the area of application concerned here.
Die technische Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung liegt in der Auswahl einer ganz bestimmten Polymerklasse , die sich einerseits durch die Struktur der polymerbi ldenden onomerbestandtei le kennzeichnet, gleichzeitig aber auch noch durch Mindestgrenzen zum Polymerisationsgrad bestimmt ist.The technical solution to this problem lies in the selection of a very specific class of polymer, which is characterized on the one hand by the structure of the polymer-forming monomer components, but at the same time is also determined by minimum limits on the degree of polymerization.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist dementsprechend in einer ersten Ausführungsform ein Additiv zur Erhöhung der Haftfestigkeit und Kohäsion von Ölen und Fetten auf Basis synthetischer, in einer Ölphase löslicher Polymerverbindungen, wobei das Kennzeichen dieses Additivs darin liegt, daß es als synthetische Polymer¬ verbindungen carboxylgruppenfreie Homo- und/oder Mischpolymere von Estern der Acrylsäure und/oder der Methacrylsäure und monofunktionellen Alkoholen mit wenigstens 4 C-Atomen enthält, wobei diese Polymerverbindungen auch andere copolymerisierbare carboxylgruppenfreie Comonomere in höchstens etwa gleichen Mengenanteilen aufweisen können , und daß weiterhin die erfindungsgemäß ausgewählten synthetischen Polymerverbindungen eine Crenzviskositätszahl C"J_I , gemessen in Tetrahydrofuran bei 20 °C, von wenigstens 300 ml . g aufweisen . Bevorzugt liegt die Grenzviskositätszahl O.'η der carboxylgruppenfreien Poly¬ merverbindungen - ebenfalls gemessen bei 20 C in Tetrahydro¬ furan - bei wenigstens 500 mi . g Besonders geeignete Po¬ lymerverbindungen besitzen entsprechende Werte für [ >3 von we¬ nigstens 800 ml . g .Accordingly, the invention relates in a first embodiment to an additive for increasing the adhesive strength and cohesion of oils and fats based on synthetic polymer compounds which are soluble in an oil phase, the characteristic of this additive being that as synthetic polymer compounds it contains carboxyl-free homo- and / or mixed polymers of esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and monofunctional alcohols with at least 4 carbon atoms, these polymer compounds also having other copolymerizable carboxyl-free comonomers in at most approximately the same proportions, and that the synthetic polymer compounds selected according to the invention also have an intrinsic viscosity C. "J_I, measured in tetrahydrofuran at 20 ° C, of at least 300 ml. G. The intrinsic viscosity O.'η of the carboxyl-free polymer compounds is preferably - likewise measured at 20 C in tetr ahydro¬ furan - at least 500 mi. g Particularly suitable polymer compounds have corresponding values for [> 3 of at least 800 ml. g.
Die wesentlichen Monomerbausteine für die erfindungsgemäß als Additivzusatz vorgesehenen Polymerverbindungen sind ausgewählte Ester der Acrylsäure und/oder der Methacrylsäure - im folgenden der Einfachheit halber als (Meth) Acrylate bzw. (Meth) Acryl- säureester bezeichnet. Die Alkoholkomponente dieser (Meth)- Acrylate leitet sich von geradkettigen und/oder verzweigten monofunktionellen Alkoholen mit wenigstens 4 C-Atomen ab , wobei entsprechende Alkoholreste mit wenigstens 6 C-Atomen und insbe¬ sondere solche des C-Kettenbereichs von 6 bis 1 8 besonders be¬ vorzugt sein können . In der Praxis wichtige Vertreter dieser Mo¬ nomerbausteine enthalten wenigstens in dem überwiegenden Anteil der (Meth) Acrylate geradkettige und /oder verzweigte und/oder auch gesättigte cyclische Alkoholreste mit bevorzugt 6 bis 12 C-Atomen . I m Rahmen dieser Unterklasse kann den n-Hexyl- ( meth)-acrylaten und/oder den 2-Ethylhexyi (meth)acrylaten als Monomer-Hauptkomponente besondere Bedeutung zukommen . Die erfindungsgemäß als Additiv vorgesehenen Polymerverbindungen können Homopolymerisate und/oder Copolymerisate des angege¬ benen Typs sein , wobei im Bereich der Copolymerisate begrifflich zwei Klassen zu trennen sind . In der ersten Klasse werden unterschiedliche (Meth)Acrylate der angegebenen Definition miteinander copolymerisiert und bilden damit ein copolymeres Reaktionsprodukt, das gleichwohl in seiner Gesamtheit die er¬ findungsgemäße Definition der wesentlichen Monomerbausteine auf (Meth)Acrylatbasis erfüllt. Andererseits umfaßt die Erfindung aber auch die Mitverwendung carboxylgruppenfreier copolymeri- sierbarer Monomerverbindungen , die sich nicht der erfindungs¬ gemäßen (Meth)Acrylatdefinition zuordnen . I n diesem Fall sind höchstens etwa gleiche Mengenantei le der Comonomeren im Poly¬ mermolekül vorhanden . Zweckmäßigerweise liegt in diesem Fal l der Comonomergehalt bei höchstens etwa 35 Gew . -% und vorzugsweise bei nicht mehr als etwa 25 Gew .-% - jewei ls bezogen auf das Monomergemisch . Vergleichsweise geringe Mengen mit bis zu 5 bis 1 0 Gew . -% der Comonomeren im Polymermolekül können besonders zweckmäßig sein . Geeignete Comonomere der zuletzt genannten Art können beispielsweise Styrol und Styrolderivate wie Alkylstyrole , (Meth)Acrylate von monofunktionellen Alkoholen mit weniger als 4 C-Atomen , Acrylnitri l , Vinylester von aliphatischen Carbonsäuren wie Vinylacetat und/oder Vinylester höherer aliphatischer Car¬ bonsäuren mit bis zu 1 8 C-Atomen oder auch weitere übliche Comonomere sein . Das erfindungsgemäße Additiv ist vorzugsweise als bei Normal¬ temperatur gießfähige Lösung der Polymerverbindung in einem Trägeröl ausgebildet. Als Trägeröl können beliebige Ölphasen eingesetzt werden , die eine homogene Einmischung des Additivs in die letztlich zu modifizierende Öl- bzw. Fettzubereitung zulassen. In Betracht kommen hier - die hinreichende Löslichkeit voraus¬ gesetzt - Öle auf Basis reiner Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen. Es kann allerdings bevorzugt sein , Trägeröle einzusetzen , die sich durch erhöhte biologische Verträglichkeit auszeichnen. In aller Regel handelt es sich hierbei um Kohienwasserstoffverbindungen , die mit Sauerstoffunktionen derivatisiert sind. Innerhalb dieser Klasse kann den Esterölen besondere praktische Bedeutung zu¬ kommen. Geeignet sind beispielsweise Esteröie auf natürlicher und/oder synthetischer Basis , wobei wiederum aus Gründen der Umweltverträglichkeit Esterölen natürlichen Ursprungs besondere Bedeutung zukommen kann . Über die Kettenlänge der Ester-bil¬ denden Carbonsäurereste , das Ausmaß ihrer olef 'mischen Doppel¬ bindungen in den Säureresten und/oder über die Funktionalität der Alkoholkomponente kann Einfluß auf die Rheologie dieses Trägeröles genommen werden . Geeignet als Trägeröl sind bei¬ spielsweise raffinierte bei Raumtemperatur gut fließfähige Triglyceride von Fettsäuren mit bis zu 24 C-Atomen , die insbe¬ sondere im Bereich C. -_ _„ wenigstens anteilsweise einfach und/oder mehrfach olefinisch ungesättigt sind .The essential monomer units for the polymer compounds provided according to the invention as an additive are selected esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid - hereinafter referred to simply as (meth) acrylates or (meth) acrylic acid esters for the sake of simplicity. The alcohol component of these (meth) acrylates is derived from straight-chain and / or branched monofunctional alcohols with at least 4 carbon atoms, with corresponding alcohol residues with at least 6 carbon atoms and in particular those in the C chain range from 6 to 18 being particularly preferred. Representatives of these monomer units which are important in practice contain, at least in the majority of the (meth) acrylates, straight-chain and / or branched and / or also saturated cyclic alcohol residues with preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms. In this subclass, n-hexyl (meth) acrylates and / or 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylates can be of particular importance as the main monomer component. The polymer compounds provided as an additive according to the invention can be homopolymers and / or copolymers of the type specified, with conceptually separating two classes in the field of copolymers. In the first class, different (meth) acrylates of the given definition are copolymerized with one another and thus form a copolymeric reaction product, which nevertheless fulfills the definition according to the invention of the essential monomer units based on (meth) acrylate. On the other hand, the invention also includes the use of copolymerizable monomer compounds which are free of carboxyl groups and which do not correspond to the (meth) acrylate definition according to the invention. In this case, at most approximately equal amounts of the comonomers are present in the polymer molecule. In this case, the comonomer content is expediently at most about 35% by weight. -% and preferably not more than about 25 wt .-% - each based on the monomer mixture. Comparatively small amounts with up to 5 to 10 wt. % of the comonomers in the polymer molecule can be particularly expedient. Suitable comonomers of the last-mentioned type can, for example, styrene and styrene derivatives such as alkylstyrenes, (meth) acrylates of monofunctional alcohols with less than 4 carbon atoms, acrylonitrile, vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate and / or vinyl esters of higher aliphatic carboxylic acids with up to 1 8 carbon atoms or other conventional comonomers. The additive according to the invention is preferably designed as a solution of the polymer compound in a carrier oil which is pourable at normal temperature. Any oil phases can be used as the carrier oil, which allow the additive to be mixed homogeneously into the oil or fat preparation that is ultimately to be modified. Oils based on pure hydrocarbon compounds come into consideration here - provided they are sufficiently soluble. However, it can be preferred to use carrier oils which are distinguished by increased biological compatibility. As a rule, these are hydrocarbon compounds that are derivatized with oxygen functions. Within this class, the ester oils can be of particular practical importance. Suitable are, for example, ester oils on a natural and / or synthetic basis, with ester oils of natural origin again being particularly important for reasons of environmental compatibility. On the chain length of the ester-bil¬ Denden carboxylic acid residues, the extent of their olefinic 'mix double bonds in the acid residues and / or the functionality of the alcohol component may affect the rheology of this carrier oil to be taken. Suitable as carrier oil are, for example, refined triglycerides of fatty acids with up to 24 C atoms which are free-flowing at room temperature and which are, in particular in the range C.sub.1-, at least partially mono- and / or poly-olefinically unsaturated.
Die Menge der eingesetzten Polymerverbindung im Trägeröl des Additivs bestimmt sich durch anwendungstechnische Gesichts¬ punkte, insbesondere durch die gewünschte einfache Handhab¬ barkeit dieses Additivs bei Zusatz und Einmischung zu Ölen und/oder Fetten des Schmierstoffbereichs. Der Polymergehalt im Additiv kann dementsprechend beispielsweise bis zu 5 Gew. -% betragen und liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 0 ,5 bis 3 Gew. -% - bezogen jewei ls auf Additivgesamtgewicht. Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß als Additiv eingesetzten Polymerverbindungen erfolgt insbesondere durch Emulsionspolyme¬ risation in einem wäßrigen Medium. Bevorzugt ist dabei die Einhaltung vergleichsweise niedriger Temperaturen während des Polymerisationsvorganges. Bevorzugte Arbeitstemperaturen bei der Polymerisation l iegen im Bereich bis etwa 60 °C , wobei insbe¬ sondere während des Reaktionszeitraumes , der sich durch einen exothermen Reaktionsverlauf kennzeichnet, die Einhaltung von Arbeitstemperaturen im Bereich von etwa 25 bis 35 °C zweckmäßig ist. Erst zur Vervollständigung der Polymerisationsreaktion wird dann zweckmäßigerweise auf Temperaturen bis maximal etwa 60 °C aufgewärmt.The amount of the polymer compound used in the carrier oil of the additive is determined by application engineering aspects, in particular by the desired ease of handling of this additive when it is added and mixed into oils and / or fats in the lubricant range. The polymer content in the additive can accordingly be, for example, up to 5% by weight and is preferably in the range from about 0.5 to 3% by weight, based in each case on the total additive weight. The polymer compounds used according to the invention as an additive are produced in particular by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium. It is preferred to maintain comparatively low temperatures during the polymerization process. Preferred working temperatures in the polymerization are in the range up to about 60 ° C., with maintenance of working temperatures in the range from about 25 to 35 ° C. being expedient, in particular during the reaction period, which is characterized by an exothermic course of the reaction. It is then expedient to heat up to a maximum of about 60 ° C. only to complete the polymerization reaction.
Die zur wäßrigen Emulsionspolymerisation eingesetzte Wasserphase enthält vorzugsweise oberflächenaktive Verbindungen , insbeson¬ dere anionische Tenside , zur Begünstigung der Wasserlδslichkeit der an sich weitgehend wasserunlöslichen Monomerverbindungen . Die Menge dieser Tenside kann beispielsweise bis zu 15 Gew . -% - bezogen auf das eingesetzte Monomere bzw . Monomergemisch - ausmachen und liegt zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich von etwa 1 bis 15 Gew. -% und insbesondere im Bereich von etwa 3 bis 10 Gew . -%, bezogen jeweils auf das Monomergewicht. Die oberflächen¬ aktiven Verbindungen können in ihrer Gesamtheit von Anfang an eingesetzt werden , sie können aber auch gewünschtenfalls im Ver¬ laufe der Reaktion dem wäßrigen Medium zugegeben werden. Ge¬ eignete anionische Tenside zählen beispielsweise zu den Klassen der Aikyl- bzw. Arylsulfonate, der Alkyl- bzw. Arylsulfate und der Ethersulfate. Geeignete Beispiele sind etwa Fettalkohoisulfate wie Natriumlaurylsulfat oder entsprechende Fettalkoholethersulfate wie das Natriumsalz eines C. _ .. .-Fettalkohol . 4 EO-Sulfats. Andere geeignete anionische Emulgatoren sind Alkylbenzolsuifo- nate, Alkylphenolsulfate bzw. Alkylphenolethersulfate. Eine wichtige Emulgatorenklasse sind Sulfobernsteinsäurederivate bei- spielsweise Dialkylsulfosuccinate oder Sulfosuccinate von alk- oxylierten insbesondere ethoxyiierten Alkanolen insbesondere Fettalkoholen.The water phase used for the aqueous emulsion polymerization preferably contains surface-active compounds, in particular anionic surfactants, in order to promote the water-solubility of the monomer compounds, which are essentially water-insoluble. The amount of these surfactants can, for example, up to 15 wt. -% - based on the monomers used or. Monomer mixture - make up and is expediently in the range of about 1 to 15% by weight and in particular in the range of about 3 to 10% by weight. -%, each based on the monomer weight. The surface-active compounds can be used in their entirety from the start, but they can also be added to the aqueous medium if desired in the course of the reaction. Suitable anionic surfactants belong, for example, to the classes of the alkyl or aryl sulfonates, the alkyl or aryl sulfates and the ether sulfates. Suitable examples are, for example, fatty alcohol sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate or corresponding fatty alcohol ether sulfates such as the sodium salt of a C. .. fatty alcohol. 4 EO sulfates. Other suitable anionic emulsifiers are alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylphenol sulfates or alkylphenol ether sulfates. An important class of emulsifiers are sulfosuccinic acid derivatives - for example, dialkylsulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinates of alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated, alkanols, especially fatty alcohols.
Die wäßrige Emulsionspolymerisation bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen unter Mitverwendung von Tensiden insbesondere Aniontensiden als Lösungsvermittler ist eine im Prinzip bekannte Verfahrenstechnik. Verwiesen wird beispielsweise auf die EP-A2-0 048 084. So kann das Polymerisationsverfahren nach zwei grundsätzlichen Verfahrenstypen erfolgen . Im ersten Fall wird die gesamte Monomerenmenge im wäßrig-tensidischen Reaktionssystem vorgelegt, im zweiten Fall wird zunächst mit einer begrenzten Monomermenge der Polymerisatioπsprozeß begonnen und weiteres Monomer bzw. Monomergemisch im Laufe des Verfahrens zudosiert.Aqueous emulsion polymerization at comparatively low temperatures with the use of surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants as solubilizers, is a process technology which is known in principle. Reference is made, for example, to EP-A2-0 048 084. For example, the polymerization process can be carried out according to two basic process types. In the first case, the entire amount of monomers is placed in the aqueous surfactant reaction system, in the second case the polymerization process is started first with a limited amount of monomer and further monomer or monomer mixture is metered in during the process.
Wichtig ist, daß die Reaktanten und das Reaktionssystem in ad¬ äquater Weise Sauerstoff-frei gehalten werden . Durch Spülung mit inertgas und Durchführung der Potymerisationsreaktion unter I nertgas wird diese Bedingung in an sich bekannter Weise erfüllt. Geeignete Polymerisationskataiysatoren sind üblicherweise soge¬ nannte Redox-Sy steme , beispielsweise Ammoniumpersulfat oder Kaliumpersulfat in Kombination mit Ascorbinsäure , Natriumdi- thionit, Natriumsulfit oder Natriumthiosulfat. Bevorzugte Mengen des I nitiatorsystems liegen im Bereich von etwa 0 ,05 bis 0 ,8 Gew.-%, insbesondere im Bereich von etwa 0 , 1 bis 0 ,3 Gew.-% bezogen auf eingesetzte Monomere.It is important that the reactants and the reaction system are kept adequately oxygen-free. This condition is met in a manner known per se by purging with inert gas and carrying out the polymerization reaction under inert gas. Suitable polymerization catalysts are usually so-called redox systems, for example ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate in combination with ascorbic acid, sodium di-thionite, sodium sulfite or sodium thiosulfate. Preferred amounts of the initiator system are in the range from about 0.05 to 0.8% by weight, in particular in the range from about 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, based on the monomers used.
Die Erfindung betrifft in einer weiteren Ausführungsform ein be¬ sonderes einfaches Verfahreri zur Einarbeitung der in dieser Weise hergestellten wäßrigen Emulsionspolymerisate bzw. Emulsionsco- polymerisate in das Trägeröl des Additivs . Es hat sich heraus¬ gestellt, daß die einfachste und gleichzeitig zuverlässig wie¬ derholbare Verfahrensform ohne Ausbildung störender Inkrustationen an Mischbehältern und/oder Mischvorrichtungen wie folgt durchgeführt wird : Man verteilt die wäßrige Polymeremulsion unter Normaldruck und vorzugsweise bei vergleichsweise niederen Temperaturen , z. B . unterhalb 60 °C, gewünschtenfalis unter be¬ schränktem Rühren homogen feindispers in der Ölphase und be¬ läßt dann das Mehrkomponentengemisch mit oder ohne Erwärmen so lange in diesem Zustand , bis die Polymerverbindung in die Ö lphase übergegangen ist. Zurück bleibt die feindisperse wäßrige Phase , die in diesem Stadium dem Reaktionsgemisch in der Regel ein opaleszierendes Aussehen verleiht. Gewünschtenfalis kann jetzt in einem nachfolgenden Reaktionsschritt die wäßrige Phase abgetrennt werden . I n einfacher Form erfolgt das durch Anlegen von Vakuum . Es entstehen dann klare bzw. blanke Lösungen des Polymeren im Trägeröl . Die Ü berführung des Emulsionspolymeri¬ sats in das Trägeröl und das Abziehen des Wassers kann auch in einem Verfahrensschritt, gewünschtenfalis unter Erwärmen , bei¬ spielsweise auf 1 10 C , durchgeführt werden .In a further embodiment, the invention relates to a particularly simple process for incorporating the aqueous emulsion polymers or emulsion copolymers prepared in this way into the carrier oil of the additive. It has been found that the simplest and, at the same time, reliably repeatable process form without training is more troublesome Incrustations on mixing containers and / or mixing devices is carried out as follows: The aqueous polymer emulsion is distributed under normal pressure and preferably at comparatively low temperatures, e.g. B. below 60 ° C, if desired with limited stirring homogeneously finely dispersed in the oil phase and then leaves the multicomponent mixture with or without heating in this state until the polymer compound has passed into the oil phase. What remains is the finely dispersed aqueous phase, which generally gives the reaction mixture an opalescent appearance at this stage. If desired, the aqueous phase can now be separated off in a subsequent reaction step. In a simple form, this is done by applying a vacuum. Clear or bare solutions of the polymer are then formed in the carrier oil. The conversion of the emulsion polymer into the carrier oil and the removal of the water can also be carried out in one process step, if desired with heating, for example to 110.degree.
Für den beabsichtigten Anwendungszweck ist ein hinreichend ho¬ hes Molekulargewicht der (Meth)Acrylathomo- oder copolymerisate wichtige Voraussetzung . Die bereits angegebenen Mindestgrenz¬ werte ausgedrückt als Grenzviskositätszahl Cr in ml . g be¬ ziehen sich dabei auf die fachübliche Definition , vergleiche hierzu beispielsweise Vollmert "Grundriß der makromolekularen Chemie" Band I I I , Seiten 55 bis 61 (Verlag E. Vollmert, Karlsruhe, 1982 ) .A sufficiently high molecular weight of the (meth) acrylate homo- or copolymers is an important requirement for the intended application. The minimum limit values already expressed are expressed as the limit viscosity number Cr in ml. g refer to the definition customary in the art, see, for example, Vollmert "Outline of Macromolecular Chemistry" Volume I I I, pages 55 to 61 (E. Vollmert, Karlsruhe, 1982).
Die Erfindung betrifft schließlich in einer weiteren Ausfüh¬ rungsform Öle und/oder Fette insbesondere des Schmierstoffbe¬ reichs mit verbesserter Haftklebrigkeit und/oder Kohäsion , die durch einen Gehalt an Polymerverbindungen der erfindungsgemäß geschi lderten Art gekennzeichnet sind . Der Gehalt dieser Poly¬ merverbindungen in der schließlich zu Anwendung kommenden Einsatzform dieser Ö le und/oder Fette liegt üblicherweise bei Zusatzmengen von höchstens etwa 5 Gew . -% und vorzugsweise i m Bereich von etwa 0 , 1 bis 3 Gew . -I - jeweils bezogen auf Öl- b zw . Fett-Grundbasis . Die Einarbeitung der Polymerverbindungen ist mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Additivs , das die Polymerverbin¬ dungen bereits in einem Trägeröl gelöst enthält, in einfacher Weise möglich . Die Öle und Fette können ihrerseits in einer be¬ vorzugten Ausführungsform auf biologisch verträglichen Struktu¬ ren aufgebaut sein. Einsatzgebiete für die erfindungsgemäß auf¬ gebesserten Materialien sind beispielsweise Hydrauliköle, Säge¬ kettenöle , Rostschutzöle, Formtrennmittel bzw . Schalungsöle , Schmierfette und dergleichen. Der Zusatz der Polymerverbindun¬ gen im erfindungsgemäßen Sinne führt beim Einsatz der Öle und Fette zu vielgestaltigen Verbesserungen . So wird die sogenannte Verlustschmierung bei Sägekettenölen , d . h. die Gefahr des Ab- schleuderns des Öls im Betrieb , substantiell vermindert. Beim Einsatz in Schalungsölen bzw. Formtrennmitteln wird auch bei senkrechter Anordnung der Form das Ablaufen der Ölphase gemin¬ dert. Bei Einwirkung starker mechanischer Kräfte, die normaler¬ weise zur Bi ldung von Olnebeln führen , wird eine wirkungsvolle Reduktion dieser unerwünschten Erscheinung erreicht. Das Faden¬ ziehvermögen wird deutlich gesteigert. Bei der Ü berprüfung der Scherstabi lität wird gegenüber bis heute eingesetzten vergleich¬ baren Produkten ebenfalls eine deutliche Verbesserung durch die Zugabe der erfindungsgemäß beschriebenen Poly (meth)acrylatver- bindungen erzielt.Finally, in a further embodiment, the invention relates to oils and / or fats, in particular of the lubricant range, with improved pressure-sensitive adhesiveness and / or cohesion, which are characterized by a content of polymer compounds of the type according to the invention. The content of these polymer compounds in the form of use of these oils and / or fats which is finally used is usually at a maximum of about 5% by weight. -% and preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 3 wt. -I - each based on oil- b between Fat base. The polymer compounds can be incorporated in a simple manner by means of the additive according to the invention, which already contains the polymer compounds dissolved in a carrier oil. In a preferred embodiment, the oils and fats can in turn be based on biologically compatible structures. Areas of application for the materials improved according to the invention are, for example, hydraulic oils, saw chain oils, rust protection oils, mold release agents or. Formwork oils, greases and the like. The addition of the polymer compounds in the sense of the invention leads to multifaceted improvements when using the oils and fats. So the so-called loss lubrication in saw chain oils, d. H. the risk of oil being thrown off during operation is substantially reduced. When used in formwork oils or mold release agents, the drainage of the oil phase is reduced even when the mold is arranged vertically. With the action of strong mechanical forces, which normally lead to the formation of oil mist, an effective reduction of this undesirable phenomenon is achieved. The thread pulling ability is significantly increased. When checking the shear stability, compared to comparable products used to date, a significant improvement is also achieved by adding the poly (meth) acrylate compounds described according to the invention.
Die nachfolgenden Beispiele beschreiben zunächst die Herstellung geeigneter Polymerverbindungen auf dem Wege der wäßrigen Emul¬ sionspolymerisation unter Variation von Monomerentyp, Verfah¬ rensbedingungen und Reaktionshilfsmittein. In einer nachfol¬ genden Versuchsreihe werden vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Einsatz der Polymerverbindungen in Ölen und Fetten mit Schmier¬ stoffcharakter geschildert. Dabei wird die Verbesserung cha¬ rakteristischer Produkteigenschaften durch die Lehre der Er¬ findung aufgezeigt. B e i s p i e l eThe following examples first describe the preparation of suitable polymer compounds by aqueous emulsion polymerization, varying the type of monomer, process conditions and reaction auxiliaries. In a subsequent series of tests, comparative studies on the use of polymer compounds in oils and fats with a lubricant character are described. The improvement of characteristic product properties by the teaching of the invention is shown. Examples
Im nachfolgenden wird zunächst eine allgemeine Verfahrensvor¬ schrift zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Poly- (meth.acrylatverbindungen durch Emulsionspolymerisation in wäßrigem Medium gegeben.In the following, a general procedure for the preparation of the poly (methacrylate compounds used according to the invention by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium is given first.
Anschließend werden dann in tabellarischer Zusammenfassung die hergestellten Polymertypen und im Zusammenhang damit bestimmte Variationen der Verfahrensbedingungen dargestellt.The polymer types produced and, in connection therewith, certain variations in the process conditions are then presented in a tabular summary.
Allgemeine VerfahrensvorschriftGeneral procedure
Reaktionsansatz:Reaction approach:
400 g entmineralisiertes Wasser400 g demineralized water
6,7 g Diethylhexylsulfosuccinat (75 %ig) - Handelsprodukt6.7 g diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (75%) - commercial product
"Disponil SUS 875" 100 g (Meth)Acrylatmonomer bzw. -monomergemisch"Disponil SUS 875" 100 g (meth) acrylate monomer or monomer mixture
Starter:Starter:
1. 0,1 g Ammoniumpersulfat/3 ml H_01. 0.1 g ammonium persulfate / 3 ml H_0
2. 0,15 g Ascorbinsäure/3 ml H_02. 0.15 g ascorbic acid / 3 ml H_0
Es wird unter einem Stickstoff-Strom gearbeitet, Arbeitstempera¬ tur des 1. Verfahrensschrittes bei 28 bis 29 °C, Reaktionsdauer ca. 3 Stunden.The process is carried out under a stream of nitrogen, the working temperature of the first process step is from 28 to 29 ° C., the reaction takes about 3 hours.
Im einzelnen wird wie folgt gearbeitet:The procedure is as follows:
In eine Rührapparatur bestehend aus einem Vierhalskolben mit Rührer, Thermometer und 2 Tropftrichtern sowie einer Stickstoff¬ einleitung wird das Wasser, der Emulgator und das (Meth)Acrylat eingefüllt. In die Tropftrichter werden die Starterkomponenten als wäßrige Lösung gegeben. Dann wird das Reaktionssystem entlüftet und mit Stickstoff gefüllt. Nachdem der Reaktionsansatz auf 28 bis 29 C erwärmt ist, wird in der oben angegebenen Reihenfolge die Polymerisation gestartet. Sobald die Polymerisationsreaktion nicht mehr exotherm verläuft ( nach ca . 2 Stunden) , wird mit 50 % Starter nachkatalysiert und bei 60 C 1 Stunde nachreagiert.The water, the emulsifier and the (meth) acrylate are introduced into a stirring apparatus consisting of a four-necked flask with a stirrer, thermometer and 2 dropping funnels and a nitrogen inlet. The starter components are added to the dropping funnel as an aqueous solution. Then the reaction system is vented and filled with nitrogen. After the reaction mixture has been heated to 28 to 29 ° C., the polymerization is started in the order given above. As soon as the polymerization reaction is no longer exothermic (after about 2 hours), the catalyst is post-catalyzed with 50% starter and the reaction is continued at 60 ° C. for 1 hour.
Es werden jeweils 20 %ige Coagulat-freie Emulsionen erhalten.20% coagulate-free emulsions are obtained in each case.
Beispiele 1 bis 11Examples 1 to 11
Die nachfolgende tabellarische Zusammenstellung gibt zunächst die im jeweiligen Beispiel eingesetzten Monomeren bzw. Monomerge- mische in Gewichtsteilen (GT) und in der letzten Spalte die Grenzviskositätszahl an. Zusätzlich ist das Lösiichkeitsver- halten der Polymerverbindungen in 2 charakteristischen Ölphasen auf Basis Esteröl angegeben. Bei dem unter dem Handelsnamen "KE 491 " vertriebenen Produkt handelt es sich um einen Misch¬ ester aus Trimethylolpropan , Neopentylglycol und einem Cfi_- 2- Vorlauffettsäureschnitt ( Handelsprodukt "Edenor V 85 KR" ) . The following table shows the monomers or monomer mixtures used in parts by weight (parts by weight) and the limit viscosity number in the last column. In addition, the solubility behavior of the polymer compounds in two characteristic oil phases based on ester oil is given. The product sold under the trade name "KE 491" is a mixed ester of trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol and a C fi _- 2 - forward fatty acid cut (commercial product "Edenor V 85 KR").
Tabelle 1Table 1
Bei- Monomer-Zusammensetzung spiel 1With monomer composition game 1
1 100 GT EHMA1 100 GT EHMA
2 100 CT n-BuMA2,100 CT n-BuMA
3 100 GT i-BuMA3 100 GT i-BuMA
4 100 GT EHA4 100 GT EHA
5 100 GT n-HMA5 100 GT n-HMA
6 50 CT n-HMA, 50 GT n-DMA6 50 CT n-HMA, 50 GT n-DMA
7 85 GT EHA, 15 CT MMA7 85 GT EHA, 15 CT MMA
8 67 GT EHMA, 33 CT Styrol8 67 GT EHMA, 33 CT styrene
9 75 CT n-BuMA, 25 CT EHMA9 75 CT n-BuMA, 25 CT EHMA
10 75 GT n-BuMA, 25 GT EHA10 75 GT n-BuMA, 25 GT EHA
11 50 CT EHA, 50 CT n-BuA 11 50 CT EHA, 50 CT n-BuA
EHMA = Ethylhexylmethacrylat MMA = Methylmethacrylat n-BuMA = n-Butylmethacrylat n-HMA = n-Hexylmethacrylat i-BuMA = i-Butylmethacrylat n-DMA = n-Decylmethacryiat EHA = Ethylhexylacrylat n-BuA = n-ButylacrylatEHMA = ethylhexyl methacrylate MMA = methyl methacrylate n-BuMA = n-butyl methacrylate n-HMA = n-hexyl methacrylate i-BuMA = i-butyl methacrylate n-DMA = n-decyl methacrylate EHA = ethylhexyl acrylate n-BuA = n-butyl acrylate
Beispiele 12 bis 14Examples 12 to 14
Die Emulsionspolymerisation von Ethylhexylmethacrylat gemäß Beispiel 1 wird bei Variationen des Initiators wiederholt. Wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben, werden Ethylhexylmethacrylat, Diethyl- hexylsulfosuccinat und Wasser vorgelegt und entgast. Der Initi¬ ator wurde dabei gemäß den Angaben der nachfolgenden Tabelle 2 variiert. Tabelle 2The emulsion polymerization of ethylhexyl methacrylate according to Example 1 is repeated with variations of the initiator. As described in Example 1, ethylhexyl methacrylate, diethylhexylsulfosuccinate and water are introduced and degassed. The initiator was varied according to the information in Table 2 below. Table 2
Beispiel Initiator Example initiator
12 0,1 g Ammoniumpersulfat 1170 0,08 g Natriumdisulfit12 0.1 g ammonium persulfate 1170 0.08 g sodium disulfite
13 0,2 g Ammoniumpersulfat 950 0,3 g Ascorbinsäure13 0.2 g ammonium persulfate 950 0.3 g ascorbic acid
14 0,05 g Ammoniumpersulfat 980 0,075 g Ascorbinsäure14 0.05 g ammonium persulfate 980 0.075 g ascorbic acid
Beispiele 15 bis 21Examples 15-21
Wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben, werden 100 g Ethylhexylmeth¬ acrylat, die in der nachfolgenden Tabelle 3 genannten Emuiga- toren und 400 g Wasser vorgelegt. Initiiert wurden die Reaktionen mit 0,1 g Ammoniumpersulfat und 0,15 g Ascorbinsäure.As described in Example 1, 100 g of ethylhexyl methacrylate, the emigators mentioned in Table 3 below and 400 g of water are introduced. The reactions were initiated with 0.1 g ammonium persulfate and 0.15 g ascorbic acid.
Tabelle 3Table 3
Beispiel Emulgator L l ml.gExample emulsifier L l ml.g
15 3,35 g Disponil SUS 8751 } 87015 3.35 g Disponil SUS 875 1} 870
16 13,4 g Disponil SUS 8751' 91016 13.4 g Disponil SUS 875 1 '910
17 16,7 g Disponil FES 322) 82017 16.7 g Disponil FES 32 2) 820
18 5 g Natriumlaurylsulfat 99018 5 g of sodium lauryl sulfate 990
19 16,7 g Disponil AES 133^ 86019 16.7 g Disponil AES 13 3 ^ 860
20 12,5 g Disponil SUS 654) 85020 12.5 g Disponil SUS 65 4) 850
21 12,5 g Disponil SUS 295) 870 1) Diethylhexylsulfosuccinat, 75 %ig21 12.5 g Disponil SUS 29 5) 870 1) Diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate, 75%
2) C12/li,-Fettalkohol . 4 EO-Sulfat-Na-Salz, 30 %ig2) C 12 / li , fatty alcohol. 4 EO sulfate Na salt, 30%
3) Nonylpheπol . 4 EO-Sulfat-Na-Salz, 30 %ig3) nonylphenol. 4 EO sulfate Na salt, 30%
4) Cl2/14~Fettalkohol . 3 EO-Sulfosuccinat, 40 %ig4) C 12/14 ~ fatty alcohol. 3 EO sulfosuccinate, 40%
5) Sulfobernsteinsäureamid des Kokosamins, 40 %ig5) Sulfosuccinic acid amide of coconut amine, 40%
Beispiel 22Example 22
In einem 1 -I-Dreihalskolben mit Rührer, Stickstoffeinleitung und Tropftrichter wurden 300 g destilliertes Wasser, 13,4 g Disponil SUS 875 und 200 g 2-Ethylhexylmethacrylat vorgelegt.300 g of distilled water, 13.4 g of Disponil SUS 875 and 200 g of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate were placed in a 1 liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet and dropping funnel.
Die Mischung wurde unter Rühren entgast und auf eine Tempera¬ tur von 29 C gebracht. Nacheinander wurden 0,1 g Ammoniumpersulfat und 0,15 g Ascorbinsäure, jeweils in 5 ml Wasser gelöst, zugefahren.The mixture was degassed with stirring and brought to a temperature of 29 ° C. 0.1 g of ammonium persulfate and 0.15 g of ascorbic acid, each dissolved in 5 ml of water, were added in succession.
Die Temperatur wurde durch Kühlung mit einem Wasserbad zwi¬ schen 29 und 31 C gehalten.The temperature was kept between 29 and 31 ° C. by cooling with a water bath.
Es resultiert eine 40 %ige Coagulat-freie Dispersion. Das Polymer hat eine Grenzviskosität von 830 ml . g gemessen bei 20 C in THF.The result is a 40% coagulate-free dispersion. The polymer has an intrinsic viscosity of 830 ml. g measured at 20 C in THF.
AnwendungsbeispieleExamples of use
Die gemäß Beispiel 1 erhaltene 20 Gew.-Iige wäßrige Poly-ethyl- hexylmethacrylat-Dispersion wird 12,5 %ig in raffiniertem Rüböl gelöst. Der Polymergehalt dieses Additivs beträgt damit 2,5 Gew.-%. Diese Stoffmischung wird nachstehend der Einfachheit halber als "erfindungsgemäßes Additiv" bezeichnet.The 20% by weight aqueous polyethylhexyl methacrylate dispersion obtained according to Example 1 is dissolved in 12.5% strength in refined rapeseed oil. The polymer content of this additive is thus 2.5% by weight. For the sake of simplicity, this mixture of substances is referred to below as "additive according to the invention".
In 5 verschiedenen Versuchsmodellen wird die Wirkung des erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Additivs bestimmt und mit vergleichbaren Rezepturen des Standes der Technik verglichen . Im einzelnen werden dabei die folgenden Eigenschaften geprüft:In 5 different test models, the effect of the additive according to the invention is determined and with comparable ones Formulations of the prior art compared. The following properties are checked in detail:
1 . Leckageverhinderung1 . Leakage prevention
2. Haftvermögen2. Adherence
3. Ölnebelverhinderung3. Oil mist prevention
4. Fadenziehvermögen4. Thread pulling ability
5. Scherstabilität5. Shear stability
Zu 1 .To 1 .
Für diesen Test wurden 2 Testmischungen mit identischer Viskosi¬ tät (100 mPas bei 20 °C) hergestellt.For this test, 2 test mixtures with an identical viscosity (100 mPas at 20 ° C.) were produced.
Mischung A : 10 Gew . -% erfindungsgemäßes Additiv (0 ,25 Gew.-%Mixture A: 10 wt. % additive according to the invention (0.25% by weight
Polymer im Rüböl) Mischung B : 0 ,9 Gew .-% eines handelsüblichen Styrol-Butadien-Polymer in the beet oil) mixture B: 0.9% by weight of a commercially available styrene-butadiene
Copolymers (Handelsprodukt "Clissoviscal SG" ) in raffiniertem RübölCopolymers (commercial product "Clissoviscal SG") in refined rapeseed oil
Die Lösungen wurden jeweils 60 Sekunden lang mittels einer Schlauchpumpe , Fabrikat Heidolph, Typ 5 2214, mit maximaler Fördergeschwindigkeit bei Raumtemperatur durch einen 2 m langen PE-Schiauch gepumpt. Dieser Schlauch hatte einenThe solutions were pumped for 60 seconds each time using a Heidolph hose pump, type 5 2214, at maximum conveying speed at room temperature through a 2 m PE hose. This hose had one
Innendurchmesser von 8 mm und war mit einem Loch versehen , dessen Durchmesser 0 ,5 mm betrug . Das während des Testlaufs durch dieses Loch austretende Öl wurde aufgefangen und ausgewogen. Von den Testmischungen A traten hierbei 2 ,58 g , von der Testmischung B dagegen 12 ,28 g aus. Durch Zusatz des Polymeren wird damit der Austritt der Leckage-Flüssigkeit um 500 % verringert.Inner diameter of 8 mm and was provided with a hole whose diameter was 0.5 mm. The oil escaping through this hole during the test run was collected and weighed. In this case, 2.58 g emerged from test mixtures A, while 12.28 g emanated from test mixture B. By adding the polymer, the leakage liquid is reduced by 500%.
Zu 2.To 2.
Für diesen Test wurde eine Aluminiumplatte (250 x 300 x 1 mm) mit erfindungsgemäßem Additiv vollständig benetzt. Nach 5 Minuten Abtropfzeit befanden sich noch 20 , 52 g der Testflüssigkeit auf der Aluminiumplatte . Bei einem mit dem Handelsprodukt "Glissoviscal SC" verdicktem Rüböl , welches die gleiche Viskosität ( 978 mPas bei 20 °C ) wie das erfindungsgemäße Additiv aufwies , verblieben lediglich 8 , 79 g auf der Aluminiumplatte zurück.For this test, an aluminum plate (250 x 300 x 1 mm) was completely wetted with the additive according to the invention. After 5 Minutes of draining time were still 20.52 g of the test liquid on the aluminum plate. In the case of a beet oil thickened with the commercial product "Glissoviscal SC" and which had the same viscosity (978 mPas at 20 ° C.) as the additive according to the invention, only 8.79 g remained on the aluminum plate.
I n 2 weiteren Tests zur Prüfung des Haftvermögens wurde das Produkt einem Feuchtigkeitskammertest unterworfen .The product was subjected to a moisture chamber test in two further tests to check the adhesiveness.
Ein 50 x 25 x 1 mm großes Stahlblech wurde hierzu in das erfin¬ dungsgemäße Additiv , ein anderes Stahlblech in raffiniertes Rüböl eingetaucht und nach einer Stunde Abtropfzeit in die Feuchtig¬ keitskammer gehangen (Original Kesternich Korrosionsprüfgerät der Fa . Köhler KC in 4780 Lippstadt-Lipperode) . Testbedingungen : 1 00 % Luftfeuchtigkeit, 50 C in der Apparatur, Durchleitung von 875 I Luft/h . Die Bleche wurden alle 24 Stunden auf Korrosionserscheinungen untersucht. Das Blech , welches in Rüböl eingetaucht wurde , wies bereits nach einem Tag Korrosi¬ onsgrad 3 auf (5 % der Oberfläche korridiert) , während dies bei dem anderen Blech erst nach 6 Tagen der Fall war .For this purpose, a 50 x 25 x 1 mm steel sheet was immersed in the additive according to the invention, another steel sheet in refined rapeseed oil and hung in the moisture chamber after an hour of dripping (original Kesternich corrosion tester from Köhler KC in 4780 Lippstadt-Lipperode ). Test conditions: 100% humidity, 50 C in the apparatus, passage of 875 I air / h. The sheets were checked for signs of corrosion every 24 hours. The sheet, which was immersed in rapeseed oil, already showed degree of corrosion 3 after one day (5% of the surface corroded), whereas this was only the case with the other sheet after 6 days.
Der zweite Test wurde ebenfalls in der Feuchtig keitskammer durchgeführt. Als Trägersubstanz für das erfindungsgemäße Additiv wurde ein lithiumverseiftes Schmierfett auf Rübolbasis eingesetzt:The second test was also carried out in the moisture chamber. A lithium saponified grease based on rapeseed was used as the carrier substance for the additive according to the invention:
Rezeptur ARecipe A
10 ,3 % Lithium-12-hydroxystearat10.3% lithium 12-hydroxystearate
69 ,7 % raffiniertes Rüböl69.7% refined rape oil
20 , 0 % biologisch abbaubares Additiv für Schmierfette20.0% biodegradable additive for greases
( Handelsprodukt "Edenor VP 2449" der Anmelderin) Rezeptur B(Commercial product "Edenor VP 2449" from the applicant) Recipe B
10 , 3 % Lithium-12-hydroxystearat10.3% lithium 12-hydroxystearate
68 ,7 % raffiniertes Rüböl68.7% refined beet oil
20 ,0 % "Edenor VP 2449" (wie oben)20.0% "Edenor VP 2449" (as above)
1 ,0 % erfindungsgemäßes Additiv1.0% additive according to the invention
Das mit dem nach der Rezeptur A beschichtete Prüfblech wies nach 7 Tagen Korrosionsgrad 3 auf, das zweite Prüfblech dagegen erst nach 14 Tagen .The test sheet coated with recipe A showed degree of corrosion 3 after 7 days, the second test sheet, however, only after 14 days.
Zu 3.To 3.
Zur Herstellung einer wäßrigen Testflüssigkeit wurden zunächst in gleichen Gewichtstei len die beiden folgenden Bestandteile miteinander vermischt: naphthenbasisches Mineralöl (Handeispro¬ dukt "Pionier 4556" der Fa. Hansen & Rosenthal , Hamburg) sowie Emulgator ( Handelsprodukt "Eumulgin KE 2132 A" der Anmelde¬ rin) . Diese Flüssigphase wird in 2 Anteile aufgeteilt. Dem einen Anteil wird das erfindungsgemäße Additiv in einer Menge von 1 Gew.-% zugesetzt. Die Stoffgemische werden dann jeweils zu 3 Cew. -% in destilliertem Wasser emulgiert.To produce an aqueous test liquid, the following two constituents were first mixed together in equal parts by weight: naphthenic mineral oil (hand ice product "Pionier 4556" from Hansen & Rosenthal, Hamburg) and emulsifier (commercial product "Eumulgin KE 2132 A" from the applicant) rin). This liquid phase is divided into 2 parts. The additive according to the invention is added to one portion in an amount of 1% by weight. The mixtures are then 3 cew each. -% emulsified in distilled water.
Die Testflüssigkeiten werden mittels der unter 1 . beschriebenen Schlauchpumpe durch einen 2 m langen PE-Schlauch mit 8 mm In¬ nendurchmesser gepumpt. An einem Ende des Schlauches befand sich ein Duschkopf aus Glas , das andere Schlauchende mündete in einem Glasbehälter, der 3000 ml der Testflüssigkeit enthielt. Der aus dem Duschkopf austretende Flüssigkeitsstrahl wurde durch einen Fön mit einem heißen Luftstrahl angeblasen. Neben dem Duschkopf war auf der rechten Breitseite des Beckens eine 200 x 200 mm große Glasscheibe montiert. Der Abstand zwischen Fön und Duschkopf wurde nun solange vergrößert, bis keine Spritzer mehr auf die Scheibe auftrafen. Die Entfernung betrug bei der ersten Testflüssigkeit 151 cm, während bei der zweiten Test¬ flüssigkeit die Distanz zwischen Fön und Duschkopf auf 135 cm reduziert werden konnte. Nachstehend eine genaue Beschreibung der Testapparatur:The test liquids are determined using the procedure under 1. The peristaltic pump described is pumped through a 2 m long PE hose with an inner diameter of 8 mm. At one end of the hose was a shower head made of glass, the other end of the hose ended in a glass container that contained 3000 ml of the test liquid. The liquid jet emerging from the shower head was blown with a hot air jet by a hair dryer. In addition to the shower head, a 200 x 200 mm glass pane was mounted on the right broad side of the basin. The distance between the hair dryer and shower head has now been increased until no more splashes hit the window. The distance for the first test liquid was 151 cm, while for the second test liquid the distance between the hair dryer and shower head could be reduced to 135 cm. Below is a detailed description of the test equipment:
Innenmaße des Glasbeckens: 465 x 285 x 290 mm (L x B x H)Internal dimensions of the glass basin: 465 x 285 x 290 mm (L x W x H)
Durchmesser Duschkopf: 65 mmShower head diameter: 65 mm
Anzahl der Löcher im Duschkopf: 78;Number of holes in the shower head: 78;
Durchmesser der Löcher: 1 mmHole diameter: 1 mm
Abstand Außenkante Duschkopf - Glasplatte: 150 mmDistance outer edge of shower head - glass plate: 150 mm
Abstand Unterkante Duschkopf - Oberkante Becken: 120 mmDistance lower edge of shower head - upper edge of basin: 120 mm
Fönfabrikat: Braun super compact PGC 1000, 1000 WattHair dryer: Braun super compact PGC 1000, 1000 watts
Abstand zwischen Fönunterseite und Duschkopfunterseite vomDistance between the underside of the hairdryer and the underside of the shower head from
Labortisch: jeweils 420 mmLaboratory table: 420 mm each
Abstand Außenrand Duschkopf - Innenlängsseite Becken: 120 mmDistance outside edge of shower head - inside long side basin: 120 mm
Fallhöhe der Flüssigkeit: 397,4 mmFall height of the liquid: 397.4 mm
Zu 4.To 4.
Zur Beurteilung des Fadenziehvermögens wurde als Positivstan¬ dard eine 20 %ige Lösung von "Edenor SKH" (Handelsprodukt der Anmelderin) in raffiniertem Rüböl herangezogen. Um die Faden¬ ziehintensität dieser Mischung zu erreichen, mußten lediglich 7 % des erfindungsgemäßen Additivs gelöst werden.A 20% solution of "Edenor SKH" (commercial product of the applicant) in refined rapeseed oil was used as a positive standard for assessing the thread pulling ability. To achieve the thread drawing intensity of this mixture, only 7% of the additive according to the invention had to be dissolved.
Zu 5. Überprüfung der ScherstabilitätTo 5. Check the shear stability
Als Betriebs- und Belastungseinheit diente der Shell-Vierkugel- Apparat gemäß DIN 51 350 T 1. Geschert wurden die beiden Prüf¬ öle mittels eines Kegelrollenlagers (Prüfvorrichtung der Fa. Optimol, München, Kegelrollenhalter nach VW PV 1437).The Shell four-ball apparatus in accordance with DIN 51 350 T 1 served as the operating and loading unit. The two test oils were sheared by means of a tapered roller bearing (tester from Optimol, Munich, tapered roller holder according to VW PV 1437).
Testbedingungen : Temperatur: 65 C Dauer: 60 Minuten Belastung: 2000 N Zusammensetzung der Prüföle: Prüföl 1 : 95 % raffiniertes RübölTest conditions: temperature: 65 C duration: 60 minutes load: 2000 N Composition of the test oils: Test oil 1: 95% refined rapeseed oil
5 % erfiπdungsgemäßes Additiv5% additive according to the invention
Viskosität bei 40 °C nach DIN 51 562, T2 : 42,6 mm 2 /.sViscosity at 40 ° C according to DIN 51 562, T2: 42.6 mm 2 / s
Prüföl 2: 80 % raffiniertes RübölTest oil 2: 80% refined rapeseed oil
20 % Edenor SKH (polymerhaltiger Haftfähigkeits¬ verbesserer auf Rübolbasis der Anmelderin)20% Edenor SKH (polymer-based Rübol based adhesion improver by the applicant)
Viskosität bei 40 °C nach DIN 51 562, T2: 100,1Viscosity at 40 ° C according to DIN 51 562, T2: 100.1
2, mm /s2.mm / s
Die Viskosität der ersten Mischung betrug nach der Scherung 38,5 mm /s, die der zweiten Mischung 46,3 mm /s bei 40 C. Da das Rüböl selbst eine Viskosität von 35,6 mm /s bei 40 C auf¬ weist, betrug der Scherverlust der ersten Mischung 41,4 %, der der zweiten jedoch 83,4 %. The viscosity of the first mixture after the shear was 38.5 mm / s, that of the second mixture 46.3 mm / s at 40 C. Since the beet oil itself has a viscosity of 35.6 mm / s at 40 C, The shear loss of the first mixture was 41.4%, but that of the second was 83.4%.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3924160A DE3924160A1 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1989-07-21 | ADDITIVE FOR INFLUENCING THE RHEOLOGY OF OILS AND FATS, ITS PRODUCTION AND USE |
| DEP3924160.2 | 1989-07-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1991001362A1 true WO1991001362A1 (en) | 1991-02-07 |
Family
ID=6385542
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1990/001148 Ceased WO1991001362A1 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-12 | Additive for influencing the rheology of oils and greases, its manufacture and use |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0483257A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6070890A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3924160A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991001362A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0566048A1 (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-10-20 | Röhm Gmbh | Synthetic oil containing cooligomers comprising alpha-olefins and (meth)acrylate esters |
| WO1995023200A1 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-31 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Oil compositions |
| US8329667B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2012-12-11 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Inhibition of hairless protein mRNA |
| US20200308390A1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Self-inverting polymer emulsions |
| US12187959B2 (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2025-01-07 | Championx Llc | Emulsion polymers and methods for improving pumpability |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4201978A1 (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1992-12-03 | Henkel Kgaa | FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS IN LUBRICANTS FOR MATING YARN SPINNING |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1308412A (en) * | 1960-12-23 | 1962-11-03 | Shell Int Research | Lubricating oil composition |
| GB1195320A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1970-06-17 | Lubrizol Corp | Oil-Soluble Interpolymers of N-Vinylthiopyrrolidones |
| FR2041052A1 (en) * | 1969-02-17 | 1971-01-29 | Procter & Gamble | |
| US3758406A (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1973-09-11 | Halliburton Co | Flow of hydrocarbon liquids methods and compositions for reducing frictional pressure loss in the |
| FR2229477A1 (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1974-12-13 | Uss Eng & Consult | |
| DE2441277A1 (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1975-04-03 | Kanebo Ltd | METHOD OF SIZING YARN CONTAINING CELLULOSIC FIBERS |
| US4027070A (en) * | 1974-03-08 | 1977-05-31 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel plate for preparing cans by ironing |
| EP0048084A2 (en) * | 1980-09-17 | 1982-03-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Production by low temperature aqueous emulsion polymerisation of copolymers derived mainly from monomers of low water solubility, and use of the copolymers as hydrocarbon fuel additives |
| EP0051169A1 (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-05-12 | Bayer Ag | Process for preparing dispersions of polyacrylates, and their use |
| EP0242040A2 (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1987-10-21 | Nihon Kousakuyu Co. Ltd. | Oily lubricant for cold plastic processing of metallic material |
-
1989
- 1989-07-21 DE DE3924160A patent/DE3924160A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-07-12 EP EP90911601A patent/EP0483257A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-07-12 WO PCT/EP1990/001148 patent/WO1991001362A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-12 AU AU60708/90A patent/AU6070890A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1308412A (en) * | 1960-12-23 | 1962-11-03 | Shell Int Research | Lubricating oil composition |
| GB1195320A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1970-06-17 | Lubrizol Corp | Oil-Soluble Interpolymers of N-Vinylthiopyrrolidones |
| FR2041052A1 (en) * | 1969-02-17 | 1971-01-29 | Procter & Gamble | |
| US3758406A (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1973-09-11 | Halliburton Co | Flow of hydrocarbon liquids methods and compositions for reducing frictional pressure loss in the |
| FR2229477A1 (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1974-12-13 | Uss Eng & Consult | |
| DE2441277A1 (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1975-04-03 | Kanebo Ltd | METHOD OF SIZING YARN CONTAINING CELLULOSIC FIBERS |
| US4027070A (en) * | 1974-03-08 | 1977-05-31 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel plate for preparing cans by ironing |
| EP0048084A2 (en) * | 1980-09-17 | 1982-03-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Production by low temperature aqueous emulsion polymerisation of copolymers derived mainly from monomers of low water solubility, and use of the copolymers as hydrocarbon fuel additives |
| EP0051169A1 (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-05-12 | Bayer Ag | Process for preparing dispersions of polyacrylates, and their use |
| EP0242040A2 (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1987-10-21 | Nihon Kousakuyu Co. Ltd. | Oily lubricant for cold plastic processing of metallic material |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0566048A1 (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-10-20 | Röhm Gmbh | Synthetic oil containing cooligomers comprising alpha-olefins and (meth)acrylate esters |
| WO1995023200A1 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-31 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Oil compositions |
| US8329667B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2012-12-11 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Inhibition of hairless protein mRNA |
| US8946402B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2015-02-03 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Inhibition of hairless protein mRNA |
| US20200308390A1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Self-inverting polymer emulsions |
| US12173146B2 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2024-12-24 | Championx Llc | Self-inverting polymer emulsions |
| US12187959B2 (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2025-01-07 | Championx Llc | Emulsion polymers and methods for improving pumpability |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6070890A (en) | 1991-02-22 |
| DE3924160A1 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
| EP0483257A1 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
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