WO1990004719A1 - Current generation and storage with superconductors in the cold sink - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for current generation and storage with superconductors in the cold sink in which a shelved store (1) has been set up in difficult ground after a cold wall (2) has been formed by the cold sink. Air is to be cooled by thermal and mechanical effects until it can be broken down into its component parts (low-pressure fractionation). Preferably nitrogen, possibly with the addition of helium, is to be continuously cooled further under the protection of the preferably insulated cold wall and finally stored at the lowest pressures and temperatures until it facilitates the production of electric power by means of generators in the shortest possible time on being re-heated. The temperatures attainable in the cold wall make it likely that primarily the useful properties of superconducting materials can be exploited because, for instance, the viscosity is reduced and it is possible to counter heating through resistances. The useful storage may be extended to other materials.

Description

 Power generation and storage with superconductors in the freezing depth

Description:

Increasing space constraints in metropolitan areas are already being met by using shelf storage facilities to store larger components. These can be loaded automatically, save maneuvering and traffic space and enable a higher positioning density.

This is an advantage if, for example, difficult soils have been developed with the freezing depth. Such soils, swampy, gravelly, filled with rubble or sand, have always required elaborate foundation work, usually carried out as variants of the pile dwellings.

For this purpose, pipes have recently been rammed or flushed into the ground, the ground in them has been removed, steel reinforcement has been introduced and the pipe itself has been loaded with concrete. If the concrete piles are then connected above ground, a sufficiently stable foundation is created, but no basement.

However, this can occur if the raw material, which is also cleared of soil, has been provided with cooling pipes, which in turn have been filled with liquid nitrogen (N,), which can be obtained inexpensively. This already boils at temperatures from approx. 196 ° C. (minus) and in turn draws the heat required for this from the ground, which in turn freezes as it cools. The frozen components of water expand and in turn form a watertight sheet pile wall, which also strongly isolates further heat supply or significantly reduces it.

Automated shelf storage systems require drive energy, as such electrical energy is the first option. Practical experience shows, however, that this has to be mechanically reshaped and that in the event of a power failure, emergency power generators can only be provided for smaller rack storage facilities. The city planners, on the other hand, would prefer larger rack stores for automobiles, for example; such could preferably be located in places from which long-distance transport (using the car as individual transport) is to use public transport.

I therefore proposed double-acting pneumatic cylinders permanently installed in the racking warehouse in such a way that on the one hand they adibatically compress air or another medium absorbing pressures of the loads, or on the other hand they let that medium have an adibatic relaxing effect on the loads. This enables equilibrium to be established between a large number of cylinders, and an additional possible compressor capacity should be set quite low to enable operation.

Pneumatic cylinder vaguely reminiscent of the Stirling external combustion engine, which "gas engine" operated quite advantageous Wirkun _\ can reach a grade. The most important component of the Stirling engine is si

ή the regenerator, which supplies heat to the incoming gases and removes them from the returning gases.

A Stirling engine would be able to continuously extract heat from the shelf storage like a cooling device, which would also affect the pneumatics because it preferably works in a temperature range of approx. 10 - 70 ° C. However, in order to dispose of waste heat, normal ambient air can be obtained and first processed mechanically and / or chemically in such a way that pneumatic work can be developed.

Thereafter, the air is to be conveyed into the frost depths remaining from the construction phase, releasing its heat components from inversely flowing material to work performance (which it does in a relaxing manner), while itself at the condensation temperature of. Stic substance (Na) and oxygen (0a) is cooled.

Already in the rack warehouse, pressures of around 6 bar can preferably be used. With this initial pressure, a low-pressure fractionation can be operated within the frost wall, which was caused by the frost depths and thereby advantageously protected against accidental heat supply, which is based on the fact that by means of controlled temperature change, individual components are worked out in gaseous form. The air passes through a medium-pressure / low-pressure double column, is freed of additional components in secondary columns and because no uncontrolled heat supply is possible, the temperature and the density of the nitrogen purge gas decrease. At 30 ° K, the pressure of nitrogen (NO, which is now in its crystalline solid form, is only about 10 ³ bar, the space requirement is the least possible.) In the frost wall, the depot (cooling pipe) with liquid nitrogen (Na) so much heat is removed that it now also changes into solid form, ie the entire frost wall becomes insulation, which slows down uncontrolled heat movements more and more.

As a result of entropy, the medium itself can only cool down to the temperature of the substance which causes the cooling, further cooling can be brought about mechanically. For this purpose, energy derived from other processes can be used, which can be waste heat, the potential energy of the loads, which is converted into kinetic thermal energy, which is prevented from converting kinetic kinetic energy, but can preferably also be act additive electrical energy.

Such additive energy is used when a larger quantity is generated contrary to the actual need. It is already becoming apparent that such additive energies, particularly in the summer months, have to be taken off as so-called "alternative energies" in order to escape the pressure of white groups of the population. If nitrogen is continuously isolated by means of additional compressor services, taking into account the given possibilities, and lowered to a very low temperature, temperatures are reached in which semiconductors, like in thermocouples, enable a different handling of electrical energy.

In the area of such temperatures, "thermogenerators" as well as "supra motors" with particularly advantageous properties can now be used, but in particular the following change can be used: Normally, the insulating effect of the Fros wnad prevents spontaneous heat supply by suitable ones Cable routing, however, can be carried out in almost normal temperature ambient air with frozen

Nitrogen must be confronted with the fact that it spontaneously binds the heat and expands extremely on a gas turbine, the nitrogen turbine. This in turn can produce peak demand electricity again "Residual energies" in turn enable the working lines of the pneumatic cylinders. This also takes into account the fact that times of peak electricity demand usually go hand in hand with the so-called rush hour, the times of high traffic. On page 7, FIG. 1 shows a functional principle of a possible application with the components conical bearing (1), frost wall (2), low pressure fractionation (3) and nitrogen turbine (4).

Air is sucked in by means of pneumatic cylinders by a force that is provided mechanically by overlying or attached loads. Air is compressed, pressed in the direction of the frost wall and passes through cooling pipes which are at different temperature levels and are fed, for example, with Na, and cools down to the condensation temperature of Na and Oa. The frost wall (2) is insulating against the shelf storage (1) and the cooling pipes also have an effect, so that the temperature in the middle of the frost wall is the lowest and can be maintained with little effort.

The air is optionally transferred to the fractionation device (3), which is broken down by 6 bar at initial pressures. The individual components of the air can be stored largely without loss (due to the insulating effect of the Fro wall) or can be used economically.

Nitrogen Na can be used as a coolant in such and comparable processes, in which case it experiences a supply of heat with which it can move loads located in the rack storage, and cools down again. It can now be brought into the area of the nitrogen turbine (4) in the same way as the air, in which it can be cooled further by reducing additive energies as a compressor and in turn increasing the temperature in the consolation wall by lowering the storage capacity, but it can also be frozen Melting nitrogen opens up the compressor usable as a pneumatic motor or turbine.

Nitrogen located at different temperature levels is able to heat the individual components of the air stored in the frost wall so that they can be used in gaseous form elsewhere

Claims

Claims 1. A device for power generation and storage with superconductors in the freezing depth, characterized in that by compressing services starting from pneumatic cylinders or other compressors, air in connection with colder media is cooled down to the condensation temperature of Na and Oa and subsequently fractionated can, in particular Na, possibly still "contaminated" with He, using all advantageous energies and devices, should be cooled to the lowest possible temperature, acting on nitrogen initially related to a lower purity wheel, this is first prepared for fractionation and then later using as insulation in a resulting "frost wall", for example, an "underground car park" should be surrounded, whereby an undetected heat migration is to be counteracted and long-term storage is to be made possible, whereupon heat is required as waste heat on the solid or liquid S By acting on the substance, the volume and the pressure increasing it should enable electricity generation by means of a gas turbine or should enable other work as compressed gas. 2. Device according to 1., characterized in that energy conversions are favored preferably by the temperatures which are advantageous for superconducting semiconductors or correspondingly designed generators. 3. Device according to 1, characterized in that other components of the air stored in the frost wall have an insulating effect and, in turn, enable higher efficiencies in connection with the low pressure fractionation and comparable technology. 4. The device according to 3, characterized in that other gases should be used directly or indirectly instead of a or He, if novel semiconductors etc. make this appear advantageous.