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WO1989011630A1 - Procede et dispositif pour mesurer des surfaces - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour mesurer des surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989011630A1
WO1989011630A1 PCT/EP1989/000598 EP8900598W WO8911630A1 WO 1989011630 A1 WO1989011630 A1 WO 1989011630A1 EP 8900598 W EP8900598 W EP 8900598W WO 8911630 A1 WO8911630 A1 WO 8911630A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light spot
theodolite
projector
beam path
theodolites
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1989/000598
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Bernhard
Hartmut Ehbets
André HUISER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leica Geosystems AG
Original Assignee
Wild Leitz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wild Leitz AG filed Critical Wild Leitz AG
Publication of WO1989011630A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989011630A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing accuracy when measuring surfaces with the aid of at least two theodolites, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • Methods and devices of this type have long been known in which a light spot is projected onto the surface by a theodolite and the light spot is aimed with the aid of the other theodolite and the position thereof is determined trigonometrically in relation to the known positions of the theodolites .
  • Methods and devices of this type have been used for years in the measurement of, for example, antennas, body parts, linings of aircraft and similar objects. Such systems often work automatically and computer-controlled. In order to be able to carry out the position measurements with the aid of the detection devices on the receiver theodolites in the shortest possible time and with sufficient detection accuracy, the highest possible radiant density of the light spot visible by diffuse reflection on the surface is required.
  • a high radiance in the projected light spot with a simultaneously tolerable expenditure of radiated radiation power can only be achieved with small light spot sizes.
  • Small light spots in particular light spots projected with diffraction, on the other hand have the disadvantage that the method is sensitive to inhomogeneities on the surface, such as e.g. Scratches, holes, rough structures with changing reflectivity in small areas.
  • a major advantage of the solution according to the invention is that even with very homogeneous rough surfaces, the systematic position measurement errors caused by the speckle effect are reduced. Further advantages result from the detailed description below.
  • Fig.l the basic representation of a measuring device with two
  • FIG. 3 the example of an irradiance distribution in the plane of an image processing camera
  • FIG. 4 the optical functional diagram of a projection telescope chosen as an example
  • FIG. 5 the example of a reticule figure
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the effect of a conical lens in connection with a telescope.
  • the areas to be measured can always be regarded as flat in very small areas.
  • the position measurement of such a surface element is now realized not only by a single position determination at a point on this surface element, but by N position measurements at adjacent points on the surface element. If the distances between the points are larger than the diameter of the light spot, the measurements are independent of one another and the position measurement accuracy is increased by the factor / N.
  • the prerequisite here is that the target positions of the light spots relative to one another are known for each individual light spot detection. However, if the axis of the projecting bundle describes a circular cone, a much simpler solution results, in which neither the target positions of the light spots need to be known, nor is synchronization between the projector and receiver necessary.
  • Ellipses then arise on the surface element whose position is to be determined and in the camera plane of the receiver theodolite.
  • the elliptical irradiance distribution in the camera plane is approximated by the image processing using an ellipse, the center of which is regarded as a representative target point. Since only the radial component is evaluated in this measurement method, there is an increase in accuracy by the factor VN / 2 in the case of N independent measurements on the ellipse.
  • the center of the elliptical irradiance distribution detected by the observation theodolite corresponds in most of the usual positions with the image of the intersection of the surface to be measured and the axis of the circular cone, which is formed by the beam axes of the projector.
  • a theodolite 21 projects a light spot 22 onto the surface 23.
  • This light spot is targeted by a second theodolite 24.
  • the Coordinates of the light spot on the surface are calculated.
  • the coordinates of the intersections of the theodolite axes are known for each theodolite.
  • several receiver theodolites are used, in which case the location and the direction of the theodolite need not be known exactly with the projection device.
  • the beam path is shown in an exaggerated magnification in FIG.
  • the axes of the imaging bundles of the projection telescope 25 describe a circular cone, so that an elliptical light spot 22 is formed on the object surface 23.
  • the light diffusely reflected by the rough surface 23 reaches the receiver telescope 26, where it is detected by an image processing camera.
  • 3 shows an exemplary irradiance distribution in the plane of an image processing camera.
  • the optical functional diagram of a projection telescope is shown in an exemplary embodiment in FIG.
  • the radiation from a HeNe laser 1 is coupled into the single-mode fiber 4 by means of the optics 3.
  • the exit opening of the single-mode fiber on the projector is imaged on a telescope grating plate 11 via an optic 5, a rotatable, inclined plane plate 6, a divider cube 7, an optic 8, a window 9 and a divider cube 10 and with a telescope 16 projected the object.
  • a small part of the radiation reflected on the reticle 11 passes through the Divider 10 and an eyepiece 12 in the eye of the observer. The observer can visually check the adjustment of the ring-shaped light spot to the center of the cross line and readjust if necessary.
  • the reticle 11 is returned to the divider 7 via the divider 10, the window 9 and the optics 8. A small proportion of the radiation passes through the divider 7.
  • the reticle is imaged in the plane 13 of the image processing camera.
  • the ring-shaped radiation intensity distribution in the plane 13 of the image processing camera appears there intensity-modulated by the surface elements with different reflectivity of the reticle 11.
  • both the center of the crosshair and the center of the ring are taken from the intensity-modulated, circular irradiance distribution. Even minor changes in the projection figure's alignment to the telescope stroke cross, such as may occur with extremely different telescope inclinations, are recognized in this way and computationally compensated.
  • a graticule with a graticule figure according to the example in FIG. 5 has proven to be particularly suitable for the present application.
  • the reticle contains a cross-shaped part 28 for visually aiming an object and a circular part 29 for visually centering the circular reflex figure of the projected radiation. These parts are opaque.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically the effect of a cone lens in the beam path of the projector.
  • the telescope 40 Without a cone lens, the telescope 40 generates a light spot 42 on the surface 23 with the aid of the radiation source (not shown) and the optical coupling elements (also not shown).
  • This light spot is converted by the cone lens into a light spot 22 with an annular radiation intensity distribution, the Annular shape occurs in a plane through the surface 23 perpendicular to the telescope axis.
  • an approximately elliptical irradiance distribution is formed on the surface.
  • the cone lens exists made of a material with the refractive index n, and it has a flat boundary surface. However, both sides can also be conical.
  • the annular irradiance distribution can be generated both with full cones, as shown in Fig. 6, and with hollow cones.
  • the same optical effect as with a conical lens can also be achieved by arranging a holographic-optical element in the beam path of the projector.
  • a practically proven embodiment with two electronic precision theodolites THEOMAT WILD T3000 and a HeNe laser as radiation source had the following technical data: Free lens diameter of transmitter and receiver theodolite when focusing on a surface at a distance of 5 m: 44 mm; Cone angle of the circular cone that the axes of the bundles projecting the light spot describe: 8.6 mgon; Diameter of the circular light spot at a distance of 5 m: 0.7 mm; Uncertainty of measurement (standard deviation) of the position of the center of the elliptical ring-shaped radiation distribution detected by the receiver theodolite on the object with a uniform surface structure: 0.06 mgon.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Pour mesurer une surface dans l'espace à l'aide d'au moins deux théodolites, un desdits théodolites projette une tache de lumière sur ladite surface et ladite tache de lumière est repérée par le ou les autre(s) théodolite(s). On détermine ainsi trigonométriquement la position de ladite tache dans l'espace. Afin d'améliorer la précision dudit procédé, l'axe du faisceau qui projette la tache de lumière décrit un cône de révolution. Le point central de l'ellipse détectée par le ou les théodolite(s) sert de cible représentative pour déterminer trigonométriquement la position de l'élément de surface correspondant de la surface à mesurer. De préférence, on obtient par une ellipse de compensation une approximation de la répartition annulaire de l'intensité d'irradiation détectée par le ou les théodolite(s) de réception. Même dans le cas de surfaces rugueuses de manière homogène, les erreurs systématiques de mesure de position dues à l'"effet de Speckle" sont ainsi réduites.
PCT/EP1989/000598 1988-05-26 1989-05-26 Procede et dispositif pour mesurer des surfaces Ceased WO1989011630A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH203188 1988-05-26
CH2031/88-5 1988-05-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989011630A1 true WO1989011630A1 (fr) 1989-11-30

Family

ID=4224309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1989/000598 Ceased WO1989011630A1 (fr) 1988-05-26 1989-05-26 Procede et dispositif pour mesurer des surfaces

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1989011630A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0412398A1 (fr) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mesure du volume de matériau excavé à partir du profil de coupe d'une roue excavatrice ou similaire
FR2700611A1 (fr) * 1993-01-18 1994-07-22 Matra Sep Imagerie Inf Procédé et dispositif de contrôle dimensionnel du profil de produits longs.
US6482148B1 (en) 1997-06-27 2002-11-19 Keymed (Medical & Industrial Equipment) Ltd. Optical scope with measuring system
DE102013001359A1 (de) * 2013-01-28 2014-07-31 Baumer Electric Ag Lasertriangulationsvorrichtung und -verfahren mit Bildzeichenerkennung
CN111758013A (zh) * 2017-10-27 2020-10-09 精密自动化股份有限公司 用于采集物体表面特性的数据和信息的系统和方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3143654A (en) * 1958-08-25 1964-08-04 Bunker Ramo Radiant energy detecting device using disc shaped reticle
US3520607A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-07-14 Hughes Aircraft Co Phase sensing laser contour mapper
US3589815A (en) * 1968-06-21 1971-06-29 Information Dev Corp Noncontact measuring probe
US4299491A (en) * 1979-12-11 1981-11-10 United Technologies Corporation Noncontact optical gauging system
EP0145957A1 (fr) * 1983-11-25 1985-06-26 Firma Carl Zeiss Procédé et appareil de mesure à distance d'objets

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3143654A (en) * 1958-08-25 1964-08-04 Bunker Ramo Radiant energy detecting device using disc shaped reticle
US3520607A (en) * 1967-10-17 1970-07-14 Hughes Aircraft Co Phase sensing laser contour mapper
US3589815A (en) * 1968-06-21 1971-06-29 Information Dev Corp Noncontact measuring probe
US4299491A (en) * 1979-12-11 1981-11-10 United Technologies Corporation Noncontact optical gauging system
EP0145957A1 (fr) * 1983-11-25 1985-06-26 Firma Carl Zeiss Procédé et appareil de mesure à distance d'objets

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Machine Design, Band 38, Nr. 25, 27. Oktober 1966 (Cleveland, US), J. Weldon Cade: "Optical choppers Seiten 167-170 *
Measurement Techniques, Band 12, Nr, 12, Dezember 1978, Plenum Publishing Corp. (New York, US), V.P. Pozdnakov et al.: "Measuring large components with the aid of an optical theodolite", siehe Seite 1644-1647 *
Microtecnic, Nr. 3, 1984 (Zurich, CH), A. Lardellli: "Ein elektronisches Mess- und Berechnungssystem f}r industrielle Anwendungen weldus, Siehe Seiten 40-43 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0412398A1 (fr) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mesure du volume de matériau excavé à partir du profil de coupe d'une roue excavatrice ou similaire
AU634801B2 (en) * 1989-08-08 1993-03-04 Sick Ibeo Gmbh Conveying-volume measurement from the cut contour of a bucket-wheel excavator or other open-cast mining appliance
FR2700611A1 (fr) * 1993-01-18 1994-07-22 Matra Sep Imagerie Inf Procédé et dispositif de contrôle dimensionnel du profil de produits longs.
US6482148B1 (en) 1997-06-27 2002-11-19 Keymed (Medical & Industrial Equipment) Ltd. Optical scope with measuring system
DE102013001359A1 (de) * 2013-01-28 2014-07-31 Baumer Electric Ag Lasertriangulationsvorrichtung und -verfahren mit Bildzeichenerkennung
DE102013001359B4 (de) * 2013-01-28 2017-10-26 Baumer Electric Ag Lasertriangulationsvorrichtung und -verfahren mit Bildzeichenerkennung
CN111758013A (zh) * 2017-10-27 2020-10-09 精密自动化股份有限公司 用于采集物体表面特性的数据和信息的系统和方法

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