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WO1988006229A1 - Systeme de commande, notamment pour un petit vehicule, et petit vehicule equipe d'un tel systeme - Google Patents

Systeme de commande, notamment pour un petit vehicule, et petit vehicule equipe d'un tel systeme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988006229A1
WO1988006229A1 PCT/DE1988/000087 DE8800087W WO8806229A1 WO 1988006229 A1 WO1988006229 A1 WO 1988006229A1 DE 8800087 W DE8800087 W DE 8800087W WO 8806229 A1 WO8806229 A1 WO 8806229A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drive system
small vehicle
frame
vehicle according
steering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1988/000087
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Graff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8888901565T priority Critical patent/DE3872792D1/de
Publication of WO1988006229A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988006229A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/02—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for hand-held tools
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/001—Exhaust gas flow channels or chambers being at least partly formed in the structural parts of the engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1861—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the assembly using parts formed by casting or moulding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/06—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hand-held tools or portables devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive system, in particular for a small vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving a drive system in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the noise emission is reduced without the power output decreasing or the weight-performance ratio being deteriorated.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the noise emission in drive systems with an internal combustion engine essentially arises from the fact that the combustion gases, which are still under considerable pressure, reach the atmosphere as exhaust gas and expand in the process within a very short time.
  • This expansion bang can be reduced if the expansion is not carried out in the atmosphere but in a separate expansion vessel. Since the exhaust gases also cooled after the expansion, the exhaust gas, which is now reduced in volume, can enter the engine without significant noise - 5 -
  • the expansion vessel can be arranged separately on the engine housing or alternatively can be formed by the crankcase.
  • the latter solution has the advantage that the exhaust gas output is supported by the piston from the underside, no additional volume and material is required for the expansion vessel and the heat can be dissipated by conduction onto the cylinder and thus via the cooling fins.
  • the exhaust system including the expansion vessel, is designed and dimensioned as a resonance system for the exhaust gas.
  • the resonance system brings about a significant increase in performance at certain speeds.
  • the exhaust gas output of the piston is reduced, since when the exhaust gas is introduced into the crankcase, it is below the piston Builds up pressure that supports the upward movement of the piston.
  • the resonance wave is considerably amplified by the return of the piston. The increase in performance thus has an effect in both directions of movement.
  • valves are designed as two-way rotary valves.
  • a further development provides that the two-way rotary valve is mounted in a sealing cylinder which can be displaced against the rotary valve under the action of the combustion pressure.
  • the ignition system comprises a non-contact scanning and an electronic control, which delivers an ignition pulse with each revolution.
  • the ignition system is practically maintenance-free, ensures a strong, even with possibly unfavorable mixing ratios of fuel and air for a safe ignition at the right time and allows simple assembly of the drive system without having to pay attention to the correct position of the The shaft carrying the sample must be observed.
  • a balancing shaft rotating counter to the crank drive is provided, on which the scanning takes place.
  • the balance shaft ensures that one through the - o -
  • this shaft enables a very precise determination of the ignition timing in the case of a contactless scanning for determining the ignition timing.
  • the fuel system comprises an interchangeable energy cassette which is under positive pressure and additionally contains a battery and an air filter.
  • the overpressure in the energy cassette ensures a secure supply of fuel to the carburetor without the need for a fuel pump. This has a weight-saving effect. At the same time it is avoided that the user himself carries out refueling with the fuel system. This prevents fuel from being spilled on the one hand, on the other hand it makes operation safer and also prevents the use of a wrong, less pollutant-free fuel. In the presence of a battery and an air filter, the otherwise necessary maintenance work is also avoided or on the supplier of the energy cassette relocated, and when the reusable energy cassettes are exchanged, the prerequisites for proper operation of the drive system were created.
  • the internal combustion engine forms a central part consisting of cylinder, cylinder head, combustion chamber, piston, crank mechanism, valves, crankcase, carburetor and ignition system, a side part which comprises the valve drive, possibly the drive of the counter-rotating balancer shaft accommodates several output shafts, a carburettor linkage as well as supply and disposal lines and a side part which serves as a closure on the opposite side.
  • the parts of the internal combustion engine are designed to be pluggable, the part receiving the shafts and lines forming a supply module, the middle part forming a power module and the other side part forming an end plate.
  • This configuration combines functional units of the drive system that can be combined with one another. So the performance of the drive system can be increased in that several - ⁇ -
  • Power modules are cascaded. Only one supply module and one end plate are required for the side closure.
  • the standardization of the modules means that drive systems in different performance classes can be put together individually and, because of the small number of variants, manufactured and stored inexpensively. In the event of a repair, it is possible to temporarily remove a defective power module and to operate the drive system without this power module or to replace it with another reserve power module.
  • the supply lines and the output shafts can be connected and the supply of the other power modules takes place automatically when they are plugged together.
  • a mutual sealing is not necessary, only the shafts in the supply module must be provided with appropriate seals. In contrast, no moving parts protrude from the end plate, so that rotary seals can be omitted here.
  • the output shafts in the supply module are preferably mounted both axially and radially. Thereby - Q _
  • the supply module can be mounted on both sides.
  • This configuration enables the same drive system to be used for both directions of rotation without changes to the ignition and valve control.
  • the shaft ends of the supply module and the power modules are provided with cross-shaped recesses. These are coupled for non-positive connection via loosely inserted driver crosses and the carburetor linkages are equipped with intermeshing claw drivers.
  • claw drivers are provided here, but they also interlock automatically when the modules are assembled and cause the carburetor linkage to be coupled.
  • the power modules provide fuel lines, electrical lines, and exhaust gas and air ducts, which extend in the axial direction of the shafts and are also connected to one another when the modules are plugged together.
  • the shaft ends can be offset by 1/4 - 1/2 turn, so that a uniform torque curve can be achieved with low balancing.
  • the shaft enders When cascading the modules, the shaft enders can be moved so that the cheapest possible kung is found out.
  • the modules carry guide elements on the connecting surfaces and have detachable snap connections.
  • the invention further relates to a micro vehicle according to the preamble of claim 20.
  • the object of the invention is to design a small vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that it can be carried as a handy vehicle with the smallest dimensions and weight and can be transferred from the transport operation to the operation and vice versa in a simple manner .
  • the arrangement of the hinge and the alignment of its swivel axis ensure that the miniature vehicle does not need any locking elements for the alignment of the frame while driving, so that it can be put into operation immediately after being unfolded.
  • the driving position of the frame is generated by the body weight of the user or by the weight of objects that are to be transported.
  • the steering lever is equipped with a locking device which can be unlocked via an actuating button, into which a locking pin arranged on the rear part of the frame can be locked.
  • a practical embodiment of the locking device consists of a guide tube arranged in the steering lever, within which a locking body which is displaceable against the pressure of a spring is arranged.
  • the bolt body is connected to the actuation button and has a bolt shaft with a nose, the locking pin having an undercut conical tip behind which the nose engages.
  • This configuration has the effect that when the small vehicle is folded the locking pin automatically moves the locking body until it engages behind the nose.
  • unlocking can be done by pressing the actuation button, whereupon the small vehicle unfolds automatically due to gravity.
  • a further development provides that the front part has a longitudinal recess into which the steering lever is sunk in the folded state.
  • the center of gravity is distributed around the steering lever so that when the small vehicle is carried it then serves as a handle Steering lever is not pulled into an agonically unfavorable position.
  • the distance between the steering lever and the rear part of the frame is smaller, so that the locking pin which has to penetrate the front part of the frame to engage in the latch body, manages with 'of a smaller length.
  • a practical embodiment enables the steering lever to be designed as a transport handle as well as a driving and braking lever.
  • the steering lever is gimbal-mounted at a distance from the frame and is provided at its frame end with a locking device for power transmission to a combined steering, driving and braking linkage.
  • This configuration enables the very small vehicle to be operated very simply. Steering of the vehicle as well as control of the acceleration or actuation of the brake is possible with one hand, while with the other hand e.g. Luggage can be held. It is also possible to use your hands at any time to indicate the intended direction of travel.
  • the cardanic bearing allows multiple freedom especially when the steering lever is moved, which makes it possible, for example, to steer the wheels by swiveling left or right and to control the driving speed or braking by swiveling forwards or backwards.
  • it is necessary to detach it from a steering, driving and braking linkage for this purpose, or to reconnect it after folding it apart.
  • the steering lever comprises an upper outer telescopic tube and a lower, inner telescopic tube. These are pushed into one another in the transport mode and moved apart during the driving mode, the locking device being engaged in the driving mode and disengaged in the transport mode due to the position of the telescopic tubes.
  • the length-variable property of the steering lever is thus used to actuate the locking device, thereby ensuring that the locking device is actually brought into engagement during driving operation, since only in the extended position of the telescopic tube is it convenient Operation of the small vehicle is possible.
  • the collapsed state on the other hand, there is only a slight length extension for the folded-up small vehicle as a transport unit, so that it can also be carried with the arm extended. is possible in an ergonomic posture.
  • a specific embodiment of the locking device consists of a driving rod which can be displaced in a guide body as an extension of the lower telescopic tube against the force of a spring and which engages in a driving body connected to the combined steering, driving and braking linkage.
  • a deflection lever is arranged in the lower telescopic tube, which engages with one end in a lifting shaft of the driving rod and projects outwards with the other end and is actuated by the upper telescopic tube when pushed together in such a way that the driving rod comes out of the driving body backs away.
  • the driving rod is removed from the driving body by means of the deflection lever by means of the telescopic rotor.
  • the steering lever can then be folded onto the front part.
  • When leaving pushing the telescopic tube together can engage the driving rod in the driving body, this being done by the force of the spring.
  • the spring also compensates for the depth of engagement of the driver rod in the driver body which varies due to the pivoting movement.
  • a further development provides that a further direction reversal is provided between the steering linkage and the steering lever.
  • This measure makes it possible for a steering movement to the right to be initiated when the swivel lever is swiveled to the right and to the left when the swivel lever is swiveled to the left.
  • a steering lever with a wheel is arranged on the front part of the frame and the front part accommodates an energy cassette of the drive system.
  • a swiveling axle holder with two wheels is arranged on the rear part of the frame and the rear part accommodates an internal combustion engine with a transmission, a generator and a starting device of the drive system.
  • the distribution of the drive system and the wheels on the front part and the rear part of the frame enable a 'weight distribution of the small vehicle which is favorable for the driving properties.
  • the parts of the drive system are accessible when the frame is folded, and when the frame is unfolded it is protected against external influences while driving.
  • the weight distribution between the front part and the rear part is dimensioned such that the rear part is somewhat heavier than the front part, which makes it easier to fold apart independently into the driving position when the latching device is unlocked.
  • the steering stool comprises upper and lower, mutually parallel mounting parts, between which three or four guide rollers are arranged.
  • the longitudinal bolster is rotatably mounted within a profile bore of the front part of the frame by means of the guide rollers about an axis inclined rearward to the vertical.
  • the storage of the steering stool according to this embodiment offers a very stable, tipping-resistant guide of the steering stool relative to the frame.
  • the bearing assumes the function of both an axial and a radial bearing.
  • the front part of the The frame is used, material being saved through the profile bore and thus the weight of the entire small vehicle being reduced.
  • the axis inclined backwards to the vertical causes the frame to incline when driving through the curves, so that on the one hand the centrifugal forces when driving through tight curves can be counteracted more easily and on the other hand a return of the steering stool to the straight-ahead position after driving through the curve is facilitated.
  • a further development provides that a swing arm is articulated in one of the assembly parts, which receives the wheel axle of the front wheel at its other end and is supported by a spring with a shock absorber on the assembly part.
  • the suspension as such contributes to driving comfort and to the care of the vehicle and its units in the event of uneven floors. Furthermore, it is provided that the axle holder is mounted in a receiving body of the rear part of the frame so that it can pivot about a diagna nut.
  • This measure also causes the axle holder to be pivoted when driving through the curve due to an inclination of the frame, so that the rear wheels can also steer and the steering angle can be reduced.
  • the energy cassette also contains a starter and ignition battery and an air filter in addition to a fuel tank.
  • This configuration enables ; to be able to do without maintenance work from the smallest vehicle practically entirely, since the parts requiring maintenance are also exchanged each time the energy cassette is replaced. These are reusable parts that can be checked by the fuel manufacturer or supplier of the energy cassette and exchanged if necessary. The user of the vehicle is thus certain that he has done everything possible to ensure that his vehicle works properly.
  • the energy cassette preferably consists of two parts, which are accommodated on both sides of the longitudinal recess in the front part of the frame and have a shape which permits insertion in only one orientation.
  • one part of the energy cassette serves to supply the drive system, while the other part is carried as a reserve. It is thus possible to replace the energy cassette or a part thereof at regular intervals without having to resort to the reserve. If, however, an exchange is forgotten or a longer route has to be covered, the trip can be continued after switching to the reserve energy cassette.
  • the shape ensures that an automatic connection between the connecting piece of the energy cassette and supply lines of the drive unit is possible.
  • the front part and the rear part of the frame have separating points for fuel, air, brake and electrical lines and actuating linkages, which automatically separate when opened and close automatically after folding and that the ends of the fuel and brake lines with valves are provided.
  • the separation points provided ensure that the folding and unfolding of the small vehicle can be carried out in a few seconds, without having to spend time connecting supply lines or actuating rods. This considerably improves the functionality and ease of use.
  • One embodiment provides that stainless steel is used as material for the frame, steering lever and wheels for use in italics.
  • This material is characterized by very high strength and low weight and is therefore able to withstand the particularly high bending and stretching stresses and, due to the low weight, enables a very quick reaction when driving on courses, accelerating and braking.
  • the drive system is suspended elastically, encapsulated and soundproofed.
  • the noise caused by the drive system is so strongly decoupled and insulated from the rest of the frame that the noise of the drive is practically no longer perceived.
  • the small vehicle would thus also be able to be used in the inner city area and also in pedestrian zones if the legal requirements were created for this. Otherwise, when using low-polluting fuels, there is also the possibility of using the small vehicle indoors, for example for locomotion within larger halls.
  • the braking system of the small vehicle is expediently equipped with self-centering drum brakes that can be actuated mechanically or hydraulically. This creates a reliable brake system which is insensitive to environmental influences such as splashing water or icing and which requires little effort to operate due to the self-reinforcing effect of the drum brakes.
  • Fig. 8 is a side view of a
  • Fi ⁇ . 24 shows a longitudinal section through a Locking device
  • Fig. 26 is a partial longitudinal section through a steering stool
  • an internal combustion engine 10 of the drive system is shown in longitudinal section.
  • the engine comprises an engine housing with a cylinder 12, a cylinder head 14, and a crankcase 26.
  • a piston 18 which is connected to a crank mechanism comprising a connecting rod 22 and a crankshaft 20.
  • a combustion chamber 16 is formed between the piston 18 and the interior of the cylinder 12 and the cylinder head 14.
  • the cylinder head 14 is equipped with valves 24, which are designed as white-way slide valves.
  • the fuel-air mixture is generated in the carburetor 28, which can be controlled by means of the carburetor linkage 50.
  • the carburetor contains fuel via a supply line 52 and air via an air duct 66.
  • the exhaust gas is finally discharged into the atmosphere 38 via an exhaust duct 64.
  • the design of the drive system according to the invention prevents the exhaust gas from reaching the atmosphere immediately after the exhaust. Instead, an expansion vessel 36 in the form of the crankcase 26 is provided, into which the exhaust gas first arrives and is only then passed on to the atmosphere 38 after relaxation and cooling.
  • FIGS. 1-4 To clarify the mode of operation of the combustion engine 10, the operating phases or cycles shown in FIGS. 1-4 are discussed in succession.
  • the rotary valve 24 is in a position which opens a path from the carburetor 28 via an intake pipe 70 into the interior of the cylinder 12. The When the piston 12 is lowered, the vacuum that is produced can thus suck in the fuel-air mixture.
  • the rotary valve 24 is in a position that closes the combustion chamber 16.
  • the piston 18 goes up, the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder 12 is compressed.
  • Fig. 3 the compressed fuel-air mixture is ignited, approximately at the moment when the piston 18 reaches its top dead center.
  • the exact ignition timing is optimized on the basis of the fuel used and is specified by the ignition system (not shown here).
  • the described exhaust gas routing through the expansion vessel creates a resonance system which reduces the power required to expel the exhaust gas and also the intake of the new fuel-air mixture by the reso ⁇ nanzwelle intensifies this process, so that a considerable increase in performance occurs.
  • FIG. 7 shows the structural design of the mounting of the two-way rotary valve 24 in the cylinder head 14 as a detail. To improve the -? -
  • a sealing cylinder 40 which can be displaced in the direction of the arrow under the influence of the combustion pressure, serves to slide critical seals. This results in an effective seal only when it is really needed. During the remaining time, the rotary slide valve 24 can rotate with little play of the sealing cylinder 40, so that its wear and the friction losses of the drive system are reduced overall.
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of the internal combustion engine 10 and, in particular, reveals a counter-rotating balancer shaft 44, which serves to eliminate any imbalance.
  • the crankshaft 20, the counterrotating balance shaft 44 and the rotary slide valve 24 can be coupled to one another by a gearbox which is connected between the shaft ends. The gear ratio of the transmission is to be selected so that the rotary valve 24 rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft 20.
  • the gear for the valve drive and the drive of the counter-rotating balancer shaft, the output shafts as well as the linkage and supply lines can be accommodated in a separate side part. Assembly with such side parts is facilitated by guide elements ' e 68. Markings 72 on cross-shaped recesses 60 of the shaft ends 58 serve to make the basic positions of the shafts 20, 44 and the rotary valve 24.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the modular construction possible through the design of the drive system.
  • a part of the internal combustion engine which includes cylinder 12, cylinder head 14, combustion chamber 16, piston 18_, crank mechanism 20, 22, valves 24, crankcase 26, carburetor 28 and ignition system 30, forms a power module 46, a side part which the valve drive, if necessary the drives the counter-rotating balancer shaft, one or more output shafts 48, a carburettor linkage 50 as well as supply and disposal lines 52, a supply module 54.
  • a closing plate 56 is provided as a conclusion on the opposite side.
  • a plurality of power modules 46 can be placed next to one another, which only require a single supply module 54 and an end plate 56 for lateral closure.
  • the force-fit connection between the shaft ends of the force modules 46 takes place via driver crosses 62, which are loosely inserted into cross-shaped recesses 60 of the shaft ends.
  • Interlocking claw drivers are provided in the carburetor linkage 50.
  • the other lines that is to say fuel lines 52, electrical lines, and exhaust gas ducts 64 and air ducts 66, are also automatically connected to one another and to the supply module 54 when the power modules 46 are plugged together.
  • the assembly is facilitated by guide elements 68. In the assembled state, releasable snap connections ensure a secure connection.
  • the configuration of the supply module 54 means that the output shaft 48, a carburetor linkage 50, a fuel line to a fuel system 32 and an exhaust pipe 74 need only be connected once. The connection to the other power modules is then made automatically when plugged together.
  • FIGS. 12-21 show a small vehicle in side view, which comprises a frame 110 with wheels 112 and 114 and a steering lever 122. Furthermore, the small vehicle, which is only shown in FIG. - 55 -
  • reference numbers provided drive system that is provided with at least one of the wheels in engagement ', a brake system 118 and a steering 120th
  • the frame 110 consists of a front part 124 and a rear part 126, which can be folded and opened via a hinge 128 about a pivot axis running parallel to the wheel axes.
  • the steering lever 122 can also be folded and opened on the front part 124 of the frame about a pivot axis running parallel to the wheel axes.
  • the small vehicle forms a compact unit which can be transported on the steering lever 122 as a carrying handle.
  • the front part 124 and the rear part 126 are held on the steering lever 122 by means of a locking device 132.
  • the latching device 132 is triggered by pressing an actuation button 130.
  • the frame 110 then falls out of the center of gravity with the steering lever 122 at the articulation point and folds due to the greater proportion by weight of the rear part 126 according to the illustration - r> -
  • the miniature vehicle assumes the position shown in FIG. 14, the wheel 114 having already been placed on the ground and the front part 124 forming a continuous platform with the rear part 126.
  • the small vehicle can now be placed on the ground according to FIG. 15 and locked by pulling out a telescopic tube on the steering lever 122 with a combined steering, braking and driving linkage. Since when the front part 124 and the rear part 126 are unfolded, all the line and linkage connections have been automatically closed at the same time, the vehicle is now ready to start. As soon as the frame 110 is entered, the drive system starts and the vehicle can now be started by pushing the steering lever 122 forward. Braking occurs by pulling the steering lever 122 towards the body. The vehicle is steered by tilting the steering lever 122 to the right or left in accordance with the desired direction of travel.
  • the steering lever 122 must first be pushed together again so that the locking device 150 disengages.
  • the rear part 126 remains _ 7- 1 -
  • the separation points of fuel, air, brake and electrical lines and of actuation linkages also open.
  • the separation points are provided with valves.
  • the steering lever 122 In the transport position, the steering lever 122 is sunk in a longitudinal recess 148 in the front part 124.
  • the configuration of the front part 124 with the longitudinal recess 148 results from that shown in FIG. 22 Cross-sectional drawing.
  • an energy cassette 172 which can be inserted into the front part 124, is provided for supplying the drive system 116, which is accommodated in the rear part 126.
  • the energy cassette 172 also contains a starter and ignition battery and an air filter.
  • the energy cassette 172 consists of two parts which are accommodated on both sides of the longitudinal recess 148 in the front part 124 of the frame 110. The shape of the energy cassette 172 allows the insertion only in one orientation, so that it is ensured that the fuel lines are automatically closed when the small vehicle is brought into the operating state.
  • the latching device 132 shown in FIG. 23 holds in the folded state, ie for the purpose of transport, the rear part 126, the front part 124 and the steering lever 122 together.
  • it consists of a guide tube 136, within which a displaceable locking body 140 is arranged against the pressure of a spring 138.
  • the locking body 140 is connected to the actuation button 130 and has a locking shaft 142 with a nose 144.
  • a locking pin 134 arranged on the rear part 126 has an undercut conical tip 146 which engages behind the nose 144.
  • the cone tip 146 pushes the nose 144 and thus the locking body 144 back against the force of the springs 138 until the nose engages behind the undercut cone tip 146 and the transport position is thus secured.
  • the locking device 150 shown in FIG. 24 comprises an upper, outer telescopic tube 154 and a lower, inner telescopic tube 156. These are pushed into one another during transport and pushed apart during driving.
  • the lower telescopic tube 156 has, as an extension, a guide body T58, in which a driver rod 162 which is displaceable against the force of a spring 160 is arranged. This engages in a driver body 164 connected to the combined steering, driving and braking linkage 152.
  • a deflection lever 166 is arranged on the lower telescopic tube 156 and engages with one end in a lifting shaft 168 of the driving rod 162. At the other end, the bellcrank 166 projects outward and can be actuated by the upper, outer telescopic tube 154. When the telescopic tube 154 is pushed together, the entraining rod 162 is pressed upward by the deflection lever 166 against the force of the spring 160 and withdraws from the entraining body 164.
  • the steering lever 122 is mounted in a pivot point D.
  • a universal joint 196 which is shown in Fig. 25.
  • 26 shows an embodiment of the steering bolster 170 to which the front wheel 112 is attached.
  • the steering bolster 170 comprises upper and lower, mutually parallel mounting parts 176 and 178. Three or four guide rollers 180 are arranged between the mounting parts 176 and 178.
  • the steering stool 170 is mounted within a profile bore 182 of the front part 124 of the frame 110 by means of the guide rollers 180.
  • the pivot axis 184 is inclined to the vertical backwards.
  • the design of the guide rollers 130 and the profile bore 182 can be made prismatic in addition to the circular design shown.
  • a swing arm 186 is articulated to the upper mounting part 176 and this receives the wheel axis 188 of the front wheel 112 at its other end. Furthermore, it is supported by a spring with a shock absorber 190 in the mounting part 176.
  • the bearing shown forms an axial and radial bearing at the same time and is very stable against torsion.
  • the suspension brings about a more comfortable driving behavior of the small vehicle and protects the components from material-wearing vibrations.
  • FIG. 27 finally shows the wheel suspension of the rear wheels 114.
  • This wheel suspension is taken over by an axle holder 174 which is pivotally mounted about a diagonal axis 192 in a receiving body 194 of the rear part 126 of the frame 110.
  • the receiving body 194 is also inclined.
  • the axle holder 174 mounted in the diagonal axis 192 is rotated at an angle during this movement, so that the wheel axis 198 changes its angle to the longitudinal center line of the vehicle and the rear wheels 114 are also steered. This leads to a safe and comfortable driving behavior, whereby the steering angle of the front wheels can be less due to the steering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Des systèmes de commande équipés d'un moteur à combustion, comme ceux utilisés dans des petits véhicules et dans des outils, émettent des substances hautement nocives et des bruits désagréables. D'après l'invention, l'émission de bruit est réduite par une chambre d'expansion dans le système d'échappement, qui est reliée à la chambre de combustion via les soupapes pendant l'expulsion des gaz d'échappement, et dans l'atmosphère pendant au moins une partie du temps restant. De plus, un petit véhicule est décrit qui est équipé d'un tel système de commande qui peut être emmené partout avec le véhicule. A cet effet, le petit véhicule est démontable, son châssis comprenant une section avant et une section arrière qui peuvent être repliées ensemble à travers une bordure dans un axe pivotant parallèle aux petites roues. Le levier pivotant peut de la même manière être pivoté et aligné avec un axe pivotant parallèle aux petites roues sur la section avant du châssis.
PCT/DE1988/000087 1987-02-20 1988-02-19 Systeme de commande, notamment pour un petit vehicule, et petit vehicule equipe d'un tel systeme Ceased WO1988006229A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8888901565T DE3872792D1 (de) 1987-02-20 1988-02-19 Antriebssystem, insbesondere fuer ein kleinstfahrzeug.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3705379 1987-02-20
DEP3705379.5 1987-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988006229A1 true WO1988006229A1 (fr) 1988-08-25

Family

ID=6321375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1988/000087 Ceased WO1988006229A1 (fr) 1987-02-20 1988-02-19 Systeme de commande, notamment pour un petit vehicule, et petit vehicule equipe d'un tel systeme

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0303643B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3872792D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988006229A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE123336C (fr) *
US3590945A (en) * 1970-04-03 1971-07-06 Milo E Murphy Tuned resonance mufflers
DE3151130A1 (de) * 1980-12-25 1982-08-05 Kioritz Corp., Mitaka, Tokyo Abgasschalldaempfer fuer einen zweitakt-zweizylinder-boxermotor einer kettensaege

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE123336C (fr) *
US3590945A (en) * 1970-04-03 1971-07-06 Milo E Murphy Tuned resonance mufflers
DE3151130A1 (de) * 1980-12-25 1982-08-05 Kioritz Corp., Mitaka, Tokyo Abgasschalldaempfer fuer einen zweitakt-zweizylinder-boxermotor einer kettensaege

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0303643B1 (fr) 1992-07-15
DE3872792D1 (de) 1992-08-20
EP0303643A1 (fr) 1989-02-22

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