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WO1988003086A1 - Structure d'ame a geometrie variable - Google Patents

Structure d'ame a geometrie variable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988003086A1
WO1988003086A1 PCT/US1986/002237 US8602237W WO8803086A1 WO 1988003086 A1 WO1988003086 A1 WO 1988003086A1 US 8602237 W US8602237 W US 8602237W WO 8803086 A1 WO8803086 A1 WO 8803086A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core structure
panel
variable geometry
core
pyramids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1986/002237
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English (en)
Inventor
Fred R. Patterson
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/US1986/002237 priority Critical patent/WO1988003086A1/fr
Publication of WO1988003086A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988003086A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D24/00—Producing articles with hollow walls
    • B29D24/002—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/536—Hardness
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3411—Dimpled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3422—Dimpled spacer sheets with polygonal dimples
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3472—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets with multiple layers of profiled spacer sheets

Definitions

  • variable geometry core structure relates generally to structural members and more specifically to core structures capable of supporting loads and distributing stresses in such a manner as to closely approximate stress distribution in a solid panel.
  • stress distribution is instrumental in forming a panel of a high strength to weight ratio and has applications in numerous fields of construction.
  • the endeavors in this field usually result in designing a core structure that takes advantage of voids in the interior of a panel to reduce weight while maintaining sufficient and appropriately oriented structures within to distribute the forces to an area of the panel that is more efficient in carrying those forces.
  • the instant invention is in that specific category, but expands its applicability through and by means of the inherent flexibility of the design used.
  • Patent Number 4,495,237 which is held by applicant, does not address the flexibility of the instant invention and it is not apparent from prior art.
  • the flexibility and varied applications made possible by the variable geometry core structure are new.
  • the instant invention is to some extent the progeny of all other core structures including the venerable honeycomb, it is not an extension or modification of any of them.
  • the primary purpose of the instant invention is to provide a simple and cost effective means of enhancing the strength to weight ratio of a wide variety of materials and using them in the construction of practically all physical shapes.
  • the configurations made possible can be extended to virtually all shapes and may have varying thicknesses across the sections.
  • Another goal of such a consideration is to lower the cost associated with the use of extremely expensive materials in construction, e.g., graphite composites.
  • the instant invention is the embodiment of a geometric concept to attain those engineering goals.
  • variable geometry core structure which is capable of being formed into each of the desired shapes based on a series of hollow quadrilateral pyramids (described in the following sections) in which the bases, altitudes, face angles, bevels, truncations and channels of the hereinafter described concept may be varied in each individual pyramid provided.
  • the geometry of such a core structure is normally obtained by the "embossment" of the pyramids in a series of rows and columns on each of two sheets forming the core structure in such a manner as to allow the mating of the two panels across the bevels of all pyramids with the truncations attaching at the intersection of the channels between the pyramids.
  • the core structure described is based solely on the geometry obtained.
  • Face angles may be acute or obtuse and bevels or channels may vary in width along the pyramids ' vertices and bases thereby allowing for smoothly curved embodiments.
  • the truncation may also become a concave or convex curve.
  • the resulting pyramid may assume the form of a dimensionally flat surface.
  • the single sheet of "embossed" pyramids is inversely mated to a second sheet of pyramids that is designed so as to provide mating between the bevels of each adjacent pyramid.
  • the truncations are normally attached to the channels at the point of intersection between pyramids.
  • the face angles, base dimensions and orientation, as well as the altitude of the pyramids of the opposing panel are determined by the pyramid apex and channel intersection to which each attaches.
  • the structure so formed provides both a stressed skin and truss type reinforcement in the core structure.
  • the stressed skin occurs where the bevels attach and form a skin along the faces of the pyramids to form interlocking "V" channels across the panel approximately normal to each other.
  • the truss type reinforcement occurs along the bevels and is formed in two directions approximately 45 degrees from the stressed skin and approximately normal to each other.
  • the combination of these stress carrying members result in a high strength to weight ratio, with three dimensional stability and a decreased effect of local failure on the overall structure formed.
  • the bases of the pyramids may take on certain required curvature so that the core may be evenly bonded to one or more sheets used for surfacing the entire panel so as to provide a continuous and smooth surface for the desired shape, and to provide additional stress carrying capability.
  • the panel has the attribute of continuation, meaning that by attaching the next series of pyramids to the preceding set, large panels can be formed f om a number of smaller ones.
  • this attribute is of particular importance in the case of a flat uniform thickness panel, it is applicable to any shape. It is also particularly important in the formation of objects comprising or similar to spherical shapes, in that the inherent problems of converting such a shape to a two dimensional embodiment make it practically impossible to form the desired shape in one series of core structures without undesirable distortions and loss of strength.
  • One of the simplest means of overcoming this limitation is to produce the spherical structure in a minimum of six pieces, and then join them by means of continuation as described below.
  • orientation of the rows and columns may be of the utmost concern where loading is discontinuous and may vary from the 45 or 90 degree arrangement in various applications. Further, the rows and columns may vary from the basic orientation of being normal to each other, e.g., a diamond-like configuration of the pyramidal base pattern may be desirable.
  • the orientation of the pyramids be changed to another angle.
  • it is usually more effective and simple to end a panel with a 45 degree orientation, whereas other considerations may require a 90 degree orientation for the rest of the panel.
  • the change in orientation can normally be carried out on separate sets of panels and then "continued" with various panels of diverse sizes.
  • Other uses for change of orientation are too numerous to list, but as one becomes familiar with the particular flexibilities of the panels, it becomes obvious that all are of this generic case.
  • the core structure merely provides the means by which forces are transmitted to the surface or surfaces of the panel being formed. In certain instances it is apparent that no extra surfacing panel is necessary. In others, one or two panels are required for facing the core structure. Other applications require the use of multiple layers of the core structure of possibly varying shapes and which may or may not be separated by other surfacing panels. Some applications may require the use of compressible or non-compressible materials inserted in the voids. One envisioned use would require that the voids be filled with helium. Still other uses may dictate that a series of "shells" be constructed and each succeeding shell may require different pressures.
  • any type of bonding may be used for the attachment of the sheets of the core as well as the sheet(s) attached to the core to provide the final result (if a requirement) of a smooth surface.
  • Modern bonding techniques allow the use of different materials for each member of the panel. Most applications do require that complete bonding along the bevels and truncations occurs. The requirements for attachment are more fully discussed in the section entitled "Modes For Carrying Out The Invention".
  • variable geometry core structure that enhances its flexibility is that the core or any surfacing panel may be varied in thickness as the engineering requirements of the panel being formed dictate, e.g., where extra support is required in mid-span, those variables can be addressed and incorporated to form a structure capable of supporting a larger load at the interface with the column or beam and thereby appropriately overcoming the shear stresses associated with such a configuration.
  • This feature coupled with the curvature allowed by the core structure may also be used to integrate the columns into the overall architectural design for aesthetic purposes. Additional support may be required or desirable in certain usages and the variable geometry core structure is equally applicable to providing a means of forming box channels, "I" beams and other similar support methods.
  • the flexibility of the variable geometry core structure permits such additional reinforcement to take on other than normally used shapes, e.g., additional support may take on the form of a flowing curve and blend with the architectural effect being sought, without resort to facades covering the stress bearing panels.
  • each pyramidal face,truncation,etc. in place, as the panel is formed.
  • the means of attaching a sufficiently thick skin could take advantage of many currently used methods, such as riveting, or welding as the core structure is built.
  • variable geometry core structure provides a panel that has three dimensional stability which can withstand local failure without probable destruction of the entire panel and of ending the panel in a uniform continuous manner thereby preventing loss of "stiffness" or strength at such terminus.
  • Corner attachment of the panel is a sometimes difficult task.
  • One method is obvious in that the pyramids may be attached "face to face” , but the inherent stability desired suffers from such a treatment, particularly in uses in which the stresses carried by one panel may be advantageously carried over the "corners".
  • One method of accomplishing this goal is presented in the "Drawings" and description thereof. This is one approach that results in providing two or more stressed skins for direct mating.
  • the "corner” does not necessarily mean a square corner or the point of joining flat plates and may prove desirable over continuation in certain applications. This approach is particularly important where the structure must have a large stress carrying capacity at the "corners". This approach will become more apparent in the "Description of the Drawings" and the "Drawings" themselves.
  • variable geometry core structure allows an additional capability, namely a method of attaching panels at a mid-point on another panel.
  • the depiction is shown in the "Drawings", and is very close to that of corner attachment in usage and variability. Both structures are normally formed separately and added by means of attachment through “continuation”, except where additional stress carrying constraints are applicable or where only a singl dimensioned structure is contemplated.
  • variable geometry core structure it is obvious that one can take the panels formed by the variable geometry core structure and make a larger core structure based on the same principles. Every individual variable geometry core structure may be considered to be a solid panel in its own right, and using the correct formulae to determine its strength will allow it to be used to make progressively larger constructions, e.g., it may be desirable to construct very large ships or rigid airships by using the variable geometry core structure as the basis for a larger variable geometry core structure. The number of repetitions is dictated by the usage.
  • variable geometry core structure relates to the geometric structure capable of attaining the goals hereinbefore related and thickness of the particular members of the structure and any desired or required skin or surfacing of the core structure is dictated by the particular uses to which the architect or the engineer puts them, the thicknesses, and the depictions of the bevels, channels and truncations of the panels so formed will normally be ommitted except where necessary for clarity.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of the invention in a flat uniform thickness sheet. It is oriented at 45 degrees from the panel edges and shows the preferred embodiment for ending such a construction in a continuous manner.
  • Figure 2 is an inverted view of the top core sheet taken through the line 2-2 in figure 1, as depicted.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the bottom core sheet taken through the line 3-3.
  • Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken through the apexes of a row of pyramids in the lower illustrated embossment on line 4-4 in figure 1 showing the invention assembled.
  • Figure 5 is a cross section view taken through the apexes of a row of pyramids in the upper illustrated embossment on line 5-5 in figure 1 showing the invention assembled.
  • Figure 6 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 6-6 in figures 4 and 5.
  • Figures 7 through 11 are depictions of the invention in a 90 degree oriention to the panel edge and correspond to figures 1 through 6, except that figure 9 incorporates the aspects of figures 2 and 3.
  • Figures 8 and 9 additionally depict the normal manner of ending a panel of this orientation. No cross sectional view through plane 11-11 is presented, as figure 6 adequately represents the concept.
  • Figure 11 is an exploded perspective view of a method of changing from a 90 degree pyramid orientation to a 45 degree orientation.
  • Figure 12 depicts the embodiment used in a uniform thickness spherical configuration and relates to sheets 12 and 14 in figure 1.
  • Figures 13 and 14 depict a section and a plan view of a compound curve of variable thickness panel, based on a wing section, and showing the ease with which the opposing sheet of the construction may be derived for any given curvature.
  • Figure 15 depicts an exploded view of a hypothetical supercritical wing, constructed using the variable geometry core structure.
  • Figures 16 and 17 depict two methods of mid-panel attachment, useful in many areas where shear forces need to be converted into torsion and then skin stress forces.
  • Figure 18 depicts corner attachment of the panel in three spatial dimensions, using the 45 degree orientation. It should be obvious that that in use of a 90 degree orientation that the preferred method would be to simply join the pyramids face to face, normally with a strip of material joining them along the line of their attachment for added stability. MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • the primary mode for carrying out the invention and the one which has the broadest appability is by means of appropriately embossing the required pyramidal shapes of the appropriate geometry in a continuous manner in rows and columns on two sheets of the chosen material and then mating them by appropriate means to form a core structure.
  • the forming is usually done by means of rotary compression forming,vacuum forming or some other means such as an extrusion process.
  • the mating is achieved by the use of appropriate means for the material(s) being used. This could be solvent cements, glues, welding by electrical or other means or attachment in a mechanical manner, e.g., serrations along the bevels of the pyramids formed which would be held in place once the below described skin was installed.
  • the core structure so constructed, would normally be bonded to at least one sheet and in most instances to two sheets of an appropriate material, thereby attaching a smooth skin to the core. This results in increased strength in most applications and facilitates the utility of the panel formed. It should be noted that certain applications might dictate that each of the core sheets and each of the facing (or surfacing) sheets be made of different materials and of different thicknesses. The variations allowed are only limited by the availability of suitable bonding and forming methods.
  • the panels so formed may contain embossments on the external faces simulating any number of aesthetic effects, e.g., wood grain, rock like embossments and artistic designs such as murals or any other feature that add color or texture to the finished panel.
  • each pyramid is capable of having it's own individual dimensions and the core design can be made to fit the required continuation, whether the configuration of the product panel is curved, flat or of variable thickness.
  • the dimensions of the pyramids at the continuation can therefore be independent of the normal configuration of the pyramids throughout the remaining core structure.
  • This mode of carrying out the invention further allows multiple layers of core structure as described in the "Disclosure of Invention". Multiple layered core structures are particularly important in embodiments of the invention which require good thermal insulation or buoyancy qualities. Further uses of this mode include formation of panels embodying the concept of offset orientation in which adjoining cores would have different orientation of the rows and columns of the pyramids. Use of these methods is not limited to flat plate embodiments.
  • Another mode of carrying out the invention is to di stamp the individual sheets and mate them appropriately. This mode would normally be reserved for metal like materials, although requirements for precision may make die stamping applicable to other material usage. Formation of complex shapes may also be best carried out using die stamping. An example of such a structure would be the formation of an aircraft wing or wing section. The precision required, the complexity of the design and the reliance on easily calculable strength and aerodynamic properties in structures of this type, demand processes not normally required or attainable by means of other processes.
  • the core structure may be produced by means of rolled thermal molding, rolled extrusions, die casting, injection molding, compression molding, vacuum forming, blow molding, dip forming, accretion of materials to a substrate and any other means developed for the formation of this structure or others.
  • the listing, included in the subtitle "Industrial Applicability”, is included for example only and is by no means intended as an exhaustive treatment of the objectives of constructions contemplated.
  • reinforcement may be required only along the channels or bevels of some or all of the pyramids in a sheet. Additionally, there may be a requirement for only local reinforcement, as in where exceptional stresses are localized in the panel. Examples are: where a column is required, wall attachment or corners occur, or windows, doors or other openings in the panel are required.
  • the applicability of the geometry to a cementitious type material or any other material with low tensile strength dictates an entirely different approach, from those described above, in order to take advantage of the strength to weight ratios - offered by this invention.
  • the "Disclosureof Invention" section provides the mode of construction required to utilize the geometry provided. Basically, such types of materials inherently require the use of reinforcing material to carry the tension loading; then the material itself prevents distortion or deformation of the reinforcing (other than in tension) and carries the compressive and shear forces, with shear and torsional forces being carried to some extent by both.
  • the variable geometry core structure provides a realistic method of constructing such products (which would normally be associated with the building construction industry, including public works such as bridges).
  • this core structure serves its purposes to some extent by the "V" channel, stressed skin reinforcement providing stability to the trusses and vice-versa.
  • the voids formed in cementitious type construction provide an excellent visualization of the overall concept, even though malleable and high tensile strength material provide many more paths for stress distribution.
  • the structure formed after appropriate attachment becomes a unified structure with appropriate voids, thereby deleting unnecessary, costly and burdensome material.
  • This feature of the core structure allows the same principle of stress distribution to be used to form a panel of ther relatively heavy yet low tensile strength material, thereby permitting greater free span distance.
  • a panel e.g., an elevated parking garage floor, a bridge, a building wall, or even a complex curve shape such a building constructed in the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid; the builder installs within the appropriately designed reinforcing structure, very light weight pyramids and tetrahedrons of the geometry required to void the useless material, while leaving the required space for the cementitious type material for the transmission o stresses, stabilization of the reinforcement and obtaining o the shape which is desired.
  • th reinforcing cage and the required forms must be able t support themselves and the amount of cementitious materia inserted, until setup has occurred.
  • any required mechanical ducts such a conduits, water pipes, etc.
  • light weight voids ligh weight solidified foam, other light weight solids or hollo construction of some other material may be used, as required
  • the cementitious type material is then placed in the remainin space and allowed to set up to its final configuration.
  • Panels may be pre-poured, pre-stressed and then post-tensioned as desired. The effects of post-tensioning have not been explored. However, the linearity of performance of test panels indicate that it is feasible to use such a procedure with some modification of the fully formed panel. It may, however, be proven to be more effective to vary the geometry of the core structure than use such an approach.
  • the surfaces (skin) in such construction may or may not be desired or required. If so, they may be an integral part of the pour and contain their- own reinforcing.
  • Such structures may utilize other types of materials appropriately attached (including those of variable geometry core structure) for such surfacing.
  • the exposed light weight materials may be removed or remain in place, depending on the aesthetics and engineering requirements of the construction. In certain instances, especially where the core structure is to be left exposed or a different type of skin is to be emplaced, it may be desirable to remove the voiding material and reuse it in succeeding forms or later construction. In most uses for horizontal surfaces, the "bottom" surfacing sheet would not be used as the most efficient means of carrying the tension loading is in the internal reinforcement. The cost efficiency factors will be different form any given application and as they dictate the approach in most instances. Any preference of method must be left to the architect, engineer and ultimately to the builder.
  • Figures 1 through 10 illustrate various aspects of the variable geometry core structure in a uniform thickness flat panel configuration. They feature the two normal orientations of 45 and 90 degrees in sufficient detail to allow elimination of many drawings of particular embodiments and permit some of the special features to be displayed by means of line ' drawings only.
  • Figure 11 depicts a means of transition from one orientation to another for use in those instances where particular requirements call for different stress carrying capability at different points in the structure.
  • Figure 12 depicts a portion of a uniform thickness spherical structure. It should be easy for one trained in the art to produce any other global shape from that depiction and those of Figures 13 and 14.
  • Figure 13 depicts a section through a panel of variable thickness and curvature.
  • Figure 14 is a plan view of the same panel showing the ease with which the opposing pyramids can be deduced.
  • Figure 15 is an exploded view of a portion of a hypothetical wing - depicting a possible application of the core structure.
  • Figures 16 and 17 show two methods of mid-panel attachment, hereinbefore described.
  • Figure 16 depicts such an attachment for a 45 degree orientation and figure 17 for a 90 degree orientation.
  • Figure 18 is a line drawing of a method of attaching panels of three separate dimensional planes at a common corner. The facing sheets in figure 18 are omitted due to the fact that such attachment should be obvious and it ,is a practical impossibility of presenting them without destroying an possibility of understanding the attachment.
  • Figure 1 is illustrative of the general concept, eve though it is limited to a flat plate. It uses various type of pyramids 20 and results in an intergral panel endin without voids.
  • Each sheet 12 and 14 usually has continuou (except as otherwise noted) hollow pyramid shapes 20 embosse in both the longitudinal and latitudinal directions or at 45 degeees thereto with narrow channels 22 between them.
  • Each o the pyramid shapes 20 have slightly beveled edges 24 and a slightly truncated top 26.
  • sheet 12 and 14 are identical and sheet 12 can be inverted and mated to sheet 14 along the bevels 24 with the truncations 26 mating at the intersection of opposing channels 29.
  • Figures 7 through 10 generally relate to figures 1 through 6 with the exceptions that the core structure 28 is not ended in a continuous manner and as sheets 12 and 14 are identical, figure 8 represents figures 2 and 3. Further the figure represented by the plane 11-11 is not shown as it is adequately represented by figure 6. It is noted that although not shown, the primary means of ending a panel such as figure 7 is by means of making one of the sheets 12 or 14 have the outside row of pyramids attain a 90 degree face angle with the opposing sheet wrapping around at that point to form a smooth core ending.
  • Figure 11 is particularly representative of the variability of the instant core structure, in that it presents a number of individual pyramids with several of the varying configurations possible under the concept on a two dimensional or flat plate presentation.
  • figure 11 presents a method of changing orientations of the pyramidal alignment of the core structure 28 in cases where stresses change at critical areas of the panel.
  • engineering criteria dictate uses other than the 45 and 90 degree orientation presented in the drawings it should become obvious that the variations can be numerous in a flat plate embodiment. Compound curves and variable thicknesses increase the variation even further.
  • Figure 15 is a possible embodiment of the Variable Geometry Core Structure. From the detail presented, it should be obvious to one versed in the art, how the various individual constructions of the pyramids and tetrahedrons combine to form the myriad shapes and structures presented.
  • Figures 16 and 17 should be self explanatory from the introduction to this section. It is obvious that in each case, the mating core structure translates forces from a shear stress to a torsional stress, which in turn is translated into a tension force on the attaching panel.
  • FIGS are presented in a perspective in which the panels are presented as being normal to each other, it should be obvious that a certain degree of latitude in the angula orientation is allowed.
  • Figure 18 presents the before described "corner", i which three separate dimensional planes meet. Corners, as defined herein need not be of plates normal to each other no of flat plates, but are where a discontinuity arises. typical use would be in the construction of a non-curved containment with high internal forces. As previously stated, only one sheet of each of the core structure is presented due to confusion possible in the drawing. It is obvious that in order to attain this attribute of the core structure, one must resort to the variability of the core structure and in this case arrive at a symetrical arrangement in which each sheet will contain one side with a closed end (180 degree face angle) and the other edge having a normal full quadridlateral base with the bevel angles designed for the appropriate corner angles.
  • Corner attachment of panels having a 90 degree orientation is simply a matter of placing the pyramids of the exterior sheets face to face with an additional flat member of approprita- size placed along the intersections.
  • these approaches work perfectly well, however, when the numbers of sheets meeting at a corner exceed this number, it may be necessary to resort to other aspects of the Variable Geometry Core Structure.
  • integration of these panels in multi-faceted structures, such as the geodesic dome will require the engineer to use the teachings contained herein to derive the necessary variations in the pyramidal core to attain the optimum mating at said corners. It is obviously impossible to depict all practicle embodiments.
  • the face angles 36, base vertex angles 38, the pyramid altitude 40, the bevels 24, the channels 22 and the truncations 26 are variable over a wide range to produce the desired structure.
  • the bevels 22 should, to the extent possible, be designed so as to allow a continuous unbroken "V" channel to be formed in each direction to achieve optimum utility.
  • the trusses will then also be formed of the optimum shape (normally a square bar) .
  • the face angles 36 may even become obtuse in certain applications and base vertex angles 38 may become or even exceed 180 degrees.
  • a 180 degree base angle 38 (usually associated with a face angle 36 of 90 degrees) has wide spread use as evidenced by the "Drawings".
  • the channels 22 may require changing width and may assume a curved surface 30 or 32 to accomodate embodiments other than flat plate panels.
  • the truncations 26 may require a concave or convex surface to facilitate complete bonding. This feature allows the formation of complex curves of variable thickness. Certain uses may even require that the faces of the individual pyramids assume a slight curvature. To accomodate other engineering requirements associated with the use of the panel, the thickness of any member may also be varied.
  • variable geometry pyramidal core structure is specifically presented as a geometric embodiment capable of being formed from a variety of materials and in such usage is further capable of transmitting stresses along numerous paths thereby embodying such structures with enhanced strength to weight ratios over a global range of shapes; industrial applicability is virtually unlimited within the constraints of cost effectiveness and material adaptability.

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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Une structure d'âme à géométrie variable est constituée de deux feuilles (12, 14). Chaque feuille comporte une série de pyramides (20) creuses, biseautées (24), tronquées (26) réalisées par emboutissage, et lorsque les feuilles sont appariées en opposition le long des biseaux, elles constituent à l'intérieur une structure additionnelle qui forme un tétraèdre. Les angles de pointe de la base des pyramides, les angles de face, les troncatures, la largeur des biseaux et la largeur des canaux, ainsi que l'épaisseur de paroi sont variables en dépit du fait que, pour faciliter la visualisation, chaque pyramide peut être considérée comme une pyramide à base quadrilatérale, de géométrie variable, qui à la limite pourrait prendre la forme de la plupart des configurations géométriques solides depuis le triange ''bidimensionnel'' jusqu'au cône. La structure d'âme résultante présente les caractéristiques d'une structure du type à la fois à revêtement porteur et en treillis, qui se combinent pour assurer une stabilité tridimensionnelle dans l'âme. Ladite structure est ensuite normalement liée à une ou deux feuilles supplémentaires (16, 18) afin de former une surface lisse pour la structure et d'assurer une stabilité et une résistance additionnelles. D'autres dispositions sont prises pour terminer l'âme de manière continue, à savoir modification de l'orientation, fixation à mi-panneau et dans les coins, aspects de la continuité et, la capacité de former des courbes composites d'épaisseurs variables dans des formes globales. Sont également décrites d'autres variations englobant de nombreux types de matériaux et de multiples couches de la structure d'âme en vue d'une résistance et d'une isolation accrues, et d'une plus grande souplesse d'application.
PCT/US1986/002237 1986-10-24 1986-10-24 Structure d'ame a geometrie variable Ceased WO1988003086A1 (fr)

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PCT/US1986/002237 WO1988003086A1 (fr) 1986-10-24 1986-10-24 Structure d'ame a geometrie variable

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PCT/US1986/002237 WO1988003086A1 (fr) 1986-10-24 1986-10-24 Structure d'ame a geometrie variable

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WO1988003086A1 true WO1988003086A1 (fr) 1988-05-05

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2779379A1 (fr) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-10 Peguform France Procede de realisation d'un panneau de structure composite renforcee du type sandwich a ame alveolaire et panneau realise selon un tel procede
GB2355429A (en) * 1999-10-22 2001-04-25 Iain Norman Bridge Interfitting core parts for use in forming a structure
WO2002072341A1 (fr) * 2001-03-14 2002-09-19 Hubert Leutermann Panneau leger
WO2002094544A1 (fr) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-28 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Panneau composite a compartiments creux et procede de fabrication
US6655299B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2003-12-02 Patent Holding Company Reinforced composite pallet assembly of the cellular core sandwich-type
US6748876B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2004-06-15 Patent Holding Company Reinforced composite pallet assembly of the sandwich-type with a locally crushed cellular core
US6823803B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2004-11-30 Patent Holding Company Assembly for enclosing and protecting a plurality of meters for storage or transportation purposes and carrier and pallet for use therein
US6890023B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2005-05-10 Patent Holding Company Reinforced composite inner roof panel of the cellular core sandwich-type and method of making same
EP1667802A4 (fr) * 2003-09-24 2008-04-23 Hoejung Yang Pour fabriquer une structure a nids d'abeille
WO2010031786A1 (fr) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-25 Equimax Ag Plaque de base pour supporter des produits pendant leur production et leur stockage sur une étagère ou analogue
US20120193020A1 (en) * 2010-10-11 2012-08-02 Bradford Company Multi-Layered Product Having Dimpled Interior and Method of Making Same
CN104129109A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-05 哈尔滨工业大学 一种整体加固的单向纤维增强复合材料点阵夹芯板及其制备方法
US9475434B2 (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-10-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Designs and processes for using discrete stiffeners to create light, stiff and strong automotive structures
CN106488844A (zh) * 2014-07-14 2017-03-08 新日铁住金株式会社 层叠金属板
EP3225760A4 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2018-10-17 Chung Gi Kim Structure de paroi à supports multiples
EP3233467A4 (fr) * 2014-12-16 2018-10-31 HRL Laboratories, LLC Panneau sandwich en alliage de température élevée incurvé comportant une partie centrale en treillis, et procédé de fabrication
WO2020068194A3 (fr) * 2018-06-15 2020-05-28 Ogre Skin Designs, Llc Structures, systèmes et procédés pour la répartition d'énergie
US10895015B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2021-01-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Thin-walled high temperature alloy structures via multi-material additive manufacturing
US12507802B2 (en) * 2020-04-24 2025-12-30 New-Tec Integration (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Structural board and table

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6537413B1 (en) 1998-06-05 2003-03-25 Peguform France Method of making a reinforced composite panel of the cellular-core sandwich type, and a panel obtained by performing such a method
WO1999064224A1 (fr) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-16 Peguform France Procede de realisation d'un panneau de structure composite renforcee du type sandwich a ame alveolaire et panneau realise selon un tel procede
FR2779379A1 (fr) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-10 Peguform France Procede de realisation d'un panneau de structure composite renforcee du type sandwich a ame alveolaire et panneau realise selon un tel procede
GB2355429A (en) * 1999-10-22 2001-04-25 Iain Norman Bridge Interfitting core parts for use in forming a structure
WO2001030560A1 (fr) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-03 Iain Norman Bridge Structure comprenant des parties centrales et des moyens de renforcement
GB2355429B (en) * 1999-10-22 2002-02-13 Iain Norman Bridge Improved structure for manufacture
WO2002072341A1 (fr) * 2001-03-14 2002-09-19 Hubert Leutermann Panneau leger
WO2002094544A1 (fr) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-28 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Panneau composite a compartiments creux et procede de fabrication
US6655299B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2003-12-02 Patent Holding Company Reinforced composite pallet assembly of the cellular core sandwich-type
US6748876B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2004-06-15 Patent Holding Company Reinforced composite pallet assembly of the sandwich-type with a locally crushed cellular core
US6823803B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2004-11-30 Patent Holding Company Assembly for enclosing and protecting a plurality of meters for storage or transportation purposes and carrier and pallet for use therein
US6890023B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2005-05-10 Patent Holding Company Reinforced composite inner roof panel of the cellular core sandwich-type and method of making same
EP1667802A4 (fr) * 2003-09-24 2008-04-23 Hoejung Yang Pour fabriquer une structure a nids d'abeille
WO2010031786A1 (fr) * 2008-09-17 2010-03-25 Equimax Ag Plaque de base pour supporter des produits pendant leur production et leur stockage sur une étagère ou analogue
US20120193020A1 (en) * 2010-10-11 2012-08-02 Bradford Company Multi-Layered Product Having Dimpled Interior and Method of Making Same
CN106488844B (zh) * 2014-07-14 2019-11-26 日本制铁株式会社 层叠金属板
CN106488844A (zh) * 2014-07-14 2017-03-08 新日铁住金株式会社 层叠金属板
CN104129109A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-05 哈尔滨工业大学 一种整体加固的单向纤维增强复合材料点阵夹芯板及其制备方法
US9475434B2 (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-10-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Designs and processes for using discrete stiffeners to create light, stiff and strong automotive structures
EP3225760A4 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2018-10-17 Chung Gi Kim Structure de paroi à supports multiples
US10500811B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2019-12-10 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Curved high temperature alloy sandwich panel with a truss core and fabrication method
EP3233467A4 (fr) * 2014-12-16 2018-10-31 HRL Laboratories, LLC Panneau sandwich en alliage de température élevée incurvé comportant une partie centrale en treillis, et procédé de fabrication
US10895015B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2021-01-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Thin-walled high temperature alloy structures via multi-material additive manufacturing
US11661664B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2023-05-30 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Thin-walled high temperature alloy structures via multi-material additive manufacturing
US12018394B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2024-06-25 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Thin-walled high temperature alloy structures via multi-material additive manufacturing
WO2020068194A3 (fr) * 2018-06-15 2020-05-28 Ogre Skin Designs, Llc Structures, systèmes et procédés pour la répartition d'énergie
US11371576B2 (en) 2018-06-15 2022-06-28 Ogre Skin Designs, Llc Structures, systems, and methods for energy distribution
US11898619B2 (en) 2018-06-15 2024-02-13 Ogre Skin Designs, Llc Structures, systems, and methods for energy distribution
US12507802B2 (en) * 2020-04-24 2025-12-30 New-Tec Integration (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Structural board and table

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