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WO1988000434A1 - Litiere non-absorbante utilisable avec des tampons absorbants - Google Patents

Litiere non-absorbante utilisable avec des tampons absorbants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988000434A1
WO1988000434A1 PCT/US1987/001697 US8701697W WO8800434A1 WO 1988000434 A1 WO1988000434 A1 WO 1988000434A1 US 8701697 W US8701697 W US 8701697W WO 8800434 A1 WO8800434 A1 WO 8800434A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
urine
litter
combination
absorbent
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Ceased
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PCT/US1987/001697
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English (en)
Inventor
Patrick Yananton
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/01—Removal of dung or urine ; Removal of manure from stables
    • A01K1/0107—Cat trays; Dog urinals; Toilets for pets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a specific non-absorbent litter for use in com ⁇ bination with an absorbent medium for odor prevention in animal litter units.
  • the litter can be a mineral particle, such as coarse sand
  • the absorbent pad can be a disposable, sorbent/dessicant pad-liner system.
  • Cats being the most frequent users of litter boxes, present a further problem in that the urine of the feline contains the highest content of urea which, when allowed to stand for any length of time in any sorbent material, releases an ammonia odor. This odor is one of the more objectionable factors in the ownership of a cat.
  • the cat urine is transferred directly from overlying litter particles, through a cat claw resistant screen into a sorbtive-desiccant member of fibers and having high surface area and high urine sorbency.
  • the urine disperses quickly from fiber to fiber in the sorbtive-desiccant member.
  • the moisture impermeable sheet prevents urine from leaving the side of the sorbtive-desiccant member opposite the screen.
  • the screen and the fibers of the sorbtive-desiccant member provide for transport of moisture, aiding the drying process of the urine, thus inhibiting the growth and bacterial action of bacteria. Consequently, the bacteria die or become dormant thereby preventing significant odor formation.
  • FIGURE 1 is a top perspective of the assembled unit in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is an exploded fragmentary view of the sorbent pad of the in ⁇ stant invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a graph which compares evaporation rate for several material and plots time versus quantity of water evaporated and retained.
  • the sorbent pad structure of the instant invention can include a protective screening and a moisture impermeable liner.
  • the protective screening is fully disclosed in U. S. Patent 4,640,225, issued February 3, 1987, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto, as though disclosed herein in detail.
  • the screen must be capable of withstanding the clawing action of an animal such as a cat, thus protecting the sorbent pad and the moisture impermeable liner.
  • the holes in the screen are sized small enough to prevent the animal's claws from reaching the sorbent pad, while numerous and large enough to allow for air passage and rapid evaporation of liquids.
  • the sorbent pad constructed from high wicking capability materials, is positioned between the screen and the moisture impermeable material.
  • the screen is sealed to moisture impermeable material along at least a substantial portion of their peripheral edges.
  • the screen is a flexible member formed of strands bonded at their intersections and is formed of a material which is substantially inert to urine.
  • a sorbent pad structure is positioned between a protective screening, capable of withstanding the clawing action of a cat, and a moisture impermeable liner.
  • the cat urine is trans ⁇ ferred directly from overlying litter particles, through a cat claw resistant screen into a sorbtive-desiccant member of fibers and having high surface area and high urine sorbency.
  • the urine disperses quickly from fiber to fiber in the sorbtive-desiccant member.
  • the moisture impermeable sheet prevents urine from leaving the side of the sorbtive-desiccant member opposite the screen.
  • the screen and the fibers of the sorbtive-desiccant member provide for aera- tion, thus inhibiting the growth and bacterial action of bacteria as well as aid the evaporation of the urine from the sorbtive-desiccant member. Con ⁇ sequently, the bacteria die or become dormant, thereby preventing significant odor formation.
  • Cat urine is normally sterile, that is, free of bacteria which acts on the urine and produces the odor associated with cat urine. Nevertheless, it has been found that if steps are taken to inhibit the growth of, or cause the death of bacteria, odor formation can be prevented. It is presumed that the bacteria present in the fecal excreta, or present in the litter or air borne bacteria comes into contact with the urine, thereby producing an odor problem.
  • steps are taken to prevent odor by killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth, without having to resort to the use of bactericides.
  • water may be considered to be the most important. Indeed, water may really be considered a nutrient since it forms the bulk of the cellular substance. Compared to higher organisms, which regulate their water content to some ex ⁇ tent, microorganisms are dependent upon the amount of water in the environ ⁇ ment. For growth and multiplication bacteria require high concentrations of water in their immediate environment. In spite of their seemingly solid character and dry appearance, agar media and other solid foods used for the cultivation of bacteria require high concentrations of water as part of their composition. When organisms are grown on surfaces such as an agar plate, high humidity can provide conditions favorable to the development of microor ⁇ ganisms.
  • Water acts as a solvent, and most metabolic activities are con ⁇ ducted within an aqueous environment in the cell. Water also serves as a catalyst by aiding or actually entering into many enzymatic reactions. Tur ⁇ gidity of the cell is dependent upon the presence of water. In turn, turgidity is affected by the surface tension (osmotic tension) of the medium in which the organisms are suspended. It probably would be correct to consider all bacteria as aquatic organisms.
  • the granular material as employed in the instant invention is utilized to satisfy the digging instinct of the animal and therefore need not provide ab ⁇ sorptive qualities. Consequently, inexpensive non-absorbent materials such as mineral particles such as small pebbles, rocks, stones gravel, coarse sand and the like, previously unsuitable as a cat litter material because of the lack of absorbency or ability to hold urine that pools in the bottom of the litter box can now be used as a more effective cat litter box filler when used with ab ⁇ sorbent pads.
  • the more numerous air spaces between these larger particles gives them an inherent ability to allow urine to rapidly drain into the absorb ⁇ ent pad without impeding the flow or spread of the urine through out the pad and allowing for a more rapid evaporation of the urine back through the par ⁇ ticles.
  • Very fine particle such as fine sand or soil, will not act as good cat box filler because the flow of urine into the pad is impeded by the numerous, closely packed particles. The transmission of the water vapor through these particles is also impeded.
  • the absorption quality of the layer 24 can provide the total or the predominant desiccation effect.
  • washed mineral particles contain less dust than clay and is not friable therefor creates no dust of its own.
  • the litter material is commonly in granular form and must be in moisture transfer contact with the underlying sorbent material so that the urine can be drawn from the litter material into the sorptive layers.
  • the use of a surfac ⁇ tant on the screen material can enhance the moisture transfer capability of the screen and is essential in combination with hydrophobic or low hydrophilicity screen materials.
  • the particle size distribution can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Fine sand having a particle size at the lower end of sands, that is at the 200 mesh (0.074 mm.) size, pack so densely as to limit or restrict liquid and air flow between the particles. At the upper end of the particle size the sand or gravel material can be rejected by the cats and fail to enhance the distribution of the liquid across the ab ⁇ sorbent pad, as evident from the test and the graph of Figure 3.
  • a coarse sand referred to as fine gravel commonly found in central New Jersey. These gravels and sands were deposited during the formation of the early coastal plain.
  • the grit is mined from beds that can be from glacial, riverbed or ocean basin origin.
  • the sands and gravels consist mostly of quartz or silica.
  • the available par ⁇ ticles are found in a wide range of particle sizes and must be sieved to ob ⁇ tain the desired particle size distribution.
  • the non-absorbent particles must be sufficiently free of friable materials, such as clay, in order to avoid the fill ⁇ ing of the interstices.
  • the particles can be as small as one millimeter in diameter and as large as three centimeters.
  • the preferred range is between two millimeters and about one centimeter. It should be understood that the particles typically are not round, but rather, most typically are oval or irregular in shape and the diameter referred to is the average diameter of the particle. The particles are washed to get rid of the small dust particles and then air or oven dried prior to use as a non-absorbent litter.
  • Alternate litter materials include grits formed from crushed stone, lime ⁇ stone and other naturally occurring reactive mineral systems. From an economic stand point, the optimum material is calcium carbonate, in the form of naturally occurring limestone.
  • the particles can be dyed to a particular color.
  • Mordant dyes can be used where the particles are silica.
  • the particles can be coated to moderate the hydro-phobicity or hydrophilicity of the surface of the particles.
  • the use of waxes, silicons, and the like can be used in this regard.
  • the coating material can be an organosilicon compound, such as an organohalsilane, organosilylamines and organodisilazanes.
  • organosilicon compound such as an organohalsilane, organosilylamines and organodisilazanes.
  • the coating process and materials can be in accordance with the teachings of U.S. patents 3,464,920 and 3,382,170, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • each grit particle having water-repellent characteristics tends to cause the majority of the urine void to enter the ab ⁇ sorbent pad rather than cling to each particle or gather in the in spaces in between each particle.
  • a variety of compounds can be used to treat mineral grit particles so as to make them water-repellent or water-proof economically.
  • Metallic stearates can be applied conveniently to mineral surfaces in a powder, liquid or suspen ⁇ sion form. Various stearates such as aluminum, calcium or zinc can be used.
  • hydrophobic nature of specific metallic stearates enables them to inhibit capillary absorption of water.
  • Hydrocarbon solvent solutions of Witco aluminum stearates are utilized for water-repellent application to surfaces.
  • an aluminum stearate solution should be as fluid as possible and should be applied to dry hardened surfaces. Solutions of 2 to 10% by weight of Aluminum Stearate Non-Gel A are used for low viscosity spray-on or brush-on applications.
  • Dow Corning 772 Water Repellent is a nonflammable water soluble sodium methyl siliconate solution designed to impart water repellency to a wide variety of surfaces. Supplied at a 30% solids in water, this water repellent is diluted to a concentration of 3% before being applied. The siliconate reacts with moisture and carbon dioxide in the air to form an insoluble water- resistant resin within 24 hours.
  • Dimethyl emulsions and other types of silicone fluids can be used to ef ⁇ fectively seal off micropores and make the granules waterproof.
  • Aqueous emulsions and solutions are desireable because they impart no odor to the granules.
  • the process of application can be by tumbling, immersion, spraying or brushing. Usually about 80 ml. of silicone liquid is added per 50 pounds of grit, however, this concentration can be altered to thin or thicken the coating.
  • the Grit particles are allowed to dry.
  • the coating process also aids the "dustless" characteristics of the mineral grit as small dust particles are adhered and coated to the larger mineral particles.
  • the coating process serves to wash the mineral grit as well as prevent the escape of any remaining particles.
  • the dry grit because of its size and coating is difficult to remove from the litter box by adherence to the cat's paws, yet is totally safe and inert. Hence the grit coating helps enhance its dustless and anti-
  • the absorptive elements can be any material such as paper, tissue, pulp starch and related polymers, etc. which can disperse the liquid quickly, thus providing a large surface area for evaporation of moisture.
  • sorbent materials are those manufactured by Dow Chemical and marketed under U.S. Patent 4,117,184.
  • the super sorbent can be a material such as the National Starch and Chemical Corporation product sold under the registered trademark PERMASORB.
  • the National Starch product is a hydrophilic polymer which has the ability to absorb and hold urine. There is a significant reduction in urine odor and pH level in the presence of PERMASORB.
  • absorbent is the material sold under the trademark WATER-LOCK by Grain Processing Corp.
  • ground paper pulp ab ⁇ sorptive material In contrast to the ultra-high absorbency materials, ground paper pulp ab ⁇ sorptive material has been found to provide a combination of high absorbency, high surface area and low " cost.
  • the large surface area provides for rapid urine evaporation and consequently is extremely effective in odor prevention.
  • Toxic chemicals or biologically active ingredients are not only unnecessary but preferably are avoided.
  • U.S. patent 4,494,482 assigned to Proctor and Gamble relies on the use of 5000 to 30,000 ppm of a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon bacteriostat in an sorbent pad to effectively control odor development. It has been found that if the sorbent material has the ability to absorb the urine, distribute the urine rapidly throughout its mass, and evaporate the urine faster than the bacteria can act on the urine, then the additives are not only unnecessary but undesirable.
  • Bacteria from the feces cannot grow in the absorptive layer because they are dried out and die or become dormant. It is the bacteria which is capable of breaking down the urine which cause the strong volatile odor commonly as ⁇ sociated with cat litter boxes, the dry environment of the sorbent material ef ⁇ fectively prevents odor.
  • the high absorption capacity of the super absorbent polymers such as available from Dow Chemical, do not provide an advantage over a pulp fiber, due to the high rate of evaporation of urine from the fiberous material.
  • the instant invention requires substan ⁇ tially less granular material for each use and requires fewer changes, saving further on granular use. In the prior art type of litter box, the litter con ⁇ sumption is greater than in accordance with the present invention.
  • the amount of litter which is used can be decreased with time in order to permit the cat to become accustomed to the low litter level. In some cases, cats can be trained to the pads without litter. Whereas, in conven ⁇ tional litter boxes, two to three inches of litter are required, in accordance with the present invention less than one inch of litter, and preferably no more than about one half inch, provides the desired results, as evident from the chart which appears hereinafter.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the assembled unit 10 of the instant invention.
  • the granular material 20 is placed on top of the sorbent unit 12 to provide the animal with the necessary scratching materials, if so required.
  • the granular material would not be required if the unit was being used for a dog or other animal which did not have the scratching instinct.
  • the sorbent unit can be used with standard litter boxes and can be com ⁇ bined with the adhesive securing means, elasticized securing means or any other method disclosed in copending applications.
  • Figure 2 shows, in exploded form, a cross-section of the layers which form the sorbent unit 12.
  • the outer layer 22 which is a thin plastic sheet of a material such as polypropylene or polyethylene prevents waste from making contact with the box and can double as a bag when disposing of the soiled litter.
  • a protective layer 26, which can be used, if desired, is made from a durable, non-woven tissue substance. If a binder is used for either the fabric of the tissue layer or other layer, it must be of a non-water soluble material.
  • the protective screen 28 is of a flexible, durable substance which prevents the animal from scratching through to the bottom layers.
  • the granular material 20 is placed on top of the sorbent unit as previously described herein.
  • Urine evaporation tests were conducted for the purpose of comparing the evaporation rates of a variety of materials.
  • the quantity of water was contained in a bowl having an eight inch diameter.
  • 9 milliliters of liquid were tested since this represents the average amount of urine deposited on a litter pad by a cat each time it uses a pad. Quite obviously a young kitten will pass less liquid than a large adult cat.
  • cats will void once every four hours and the quantity of liquid will be about 9 milliliters.
  • the rate of evaporation of the urine is slower than the rate of deposit of urine in the pad, the pad will never reach a dry state and the odor associated with bacterial action on urine can not be prevented.
  • a four hour time limit is beyond the maximum time permitted for the evapora ⁇ tion of urine particularly if the litter box is used by more than one cat. It has been found that if the urine is not evaporated within a short period of time that the bacteria have sufficient time to attack the urine and begin the odor problem. Quite obviously this time factor will tend to be shorter on a warm day than on a cold day, due to the temperature dependency of the bac ⁇ terial action.
  • the loft or density of the absorbent material is seen to have an effect on the evaporation rate since a relatively high loft fibrous mass provides for bet ⁇ ter aeration and evaporation. Whereas a low loft (highly compacted) absorbent tends to restrict the essential air flow, the greatest benefit is attained with a high loft material.
  • the superabsorbents are extreme examples of a highly compacted absorbent which has much less surface area per ounce than the high loft fiberous absorbent.
  • Evaporation rate maximization can be achieved, in part, if the urine travel within the pad is maximized; that is the wicking effect of the sorbent medium should be such that the urine distributes rapidly across the surface of the pad 24 thus maximizing the surface area of the urine exposed to the at ⁇ mosphere.
  • short fibers will have a larger surface area than long fibers, but long fibers optimize the wicking effect of the sorbent pad.
  • the quantity of litter employed in the system is significantly less critical when the teachings of the instant invention are followed.
  • Sand is a well known medium for use as cat litter.
  • the sand particles do not appear to absorb the urine, in the manner that clay and other commercial litters absorb and hold large quantities of urine.
  • the urine appears to be held by surface tension within the densely packed material.
  • typical sand such as employed in children's sand boxes can function to retard odor formation only so long as there is a great mass of material.
  • many inches of this litter would be required.
  • the fine sand is better than an absorbent litter, from the standpoint of evaporation, but the urine tends to puddle beneath the sand in the litter box and odor forms rapidly un ⁇ less large volumes of sand are used.
  • sand is not an acceptable medium for household use as a litter in a cat litter box.
  • the combination of fine sand with an absorbent pad does not produce an appreciable evaporation rate change over the use of the sand alone. From a evaporation standpoint it is better than the combination of an absorbent litter with an absorbent pad, but tends to be less effective than than the litter-absorbent pad system. The decreased efficacy is probably due to the fact that the evaporation rate is too low to be effective.
  • the sand tends to accumu ⁇ late the urine in a wet form, while, like the absorbent liter, it retards the efficacy of the absorbent pad.
  • the data corresponding to Figure 3 appears in the following table.
  • the exposed, up ⁇ wardly disposed portion of the absorbent pad can be seen to become rapidly wet when the sand is wetted with about 300 ml. of water.
  • con ⁇ trast in the case of absorbent litter, fine sand and an absorbent pad by it- self, the water is initially in a small area of only several inches in diameter.
  • the fine sand is densely packed and consequently tends to both inhibit the travel of the urine to the absorbent pad and the evaporation from the absorb ⁇ ent pad. It is this evaporation inhibition which normally renders critical, the use of a minimum amount of a non-absorbent litter. Users who are accus ⁇ tomed to the use of three or more inches of litter must dramatically change their habit in order to achieve the desired results.
  • the coarse sand both widely distributes the urine and permits free evaporation. Consequently, the use of coarse sand is more forgiving, that is, there is a wider latitude in the amount of coarse sand which can be used. Nevertheless, it is preferred that the coarse sand be limited to use in a layer of about one quarter to three quarters of an inch. Because in a cat litter box, the litter is rewetted ever two to tour hours, depending upon the number of cats using the box, the diet of the cat, etc., the long term effectiveness of the odor prevention system is dependent upon the ability to remove the urine from the system.
  • the science of diagnostics has been based upon providing the practitioner with rapidly obtainable, accurate data, pertaining to a patient's normal or ab ⁇ normal clinical values. This information is then acted upon and a course of treatment, if needed, can be administered, monitored or adjusted. Many present day tests have been adopted or recognized as being the test method of choice because of the accuracy of the test reagents and method plus the rapidity involved in obtaining test data.
  • One of the most important aspects of obtaining quality data is obtaining a quality specimen of the clinical material desired to be examined.
  • Urinanalysis involves studying the urine for various chemical, biochemical, microbiological, cellular and parasitological data that can indicate normal or diseased states not only of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters but for other parts of the body as well. Analysis of the urine yields a great deal of in ⁇ formation quickly and economically. The use of simple tests such as those for proteinuria, sugars and the examination of the urinary sediment will provide the physician with helpful information concerning the diagnosis and management of renal disease, urinary tract disease and many systemic diseases.
  • Other types of metabolic disturbances such as diabetes can be detected and monitored by examining the urine for glucose. Many diabetic cats should be monitored daily for their urine glucose levels so as to see if the medica ⁇ tion being administered is working at proper levels and food intake levels are adequate.
  • Proteinuria is probably the most common indicator of renal disease. It is for example an early indicator of latent glomerulonephritis, toxemia of preg ⁇ nancy and diabetic nephropathy. The finding of proteinuria may strongly sug ⁇ gest the presence of renal disease as opposed to lower urinary tract disease. When considered with the clinical findings, confirmation of the presence of renal disease can be made by finding casts in the microscopic examination of the urine sediment.
  • Microscopic examination of the sediment in a properly collected sample of urine may not only provide evidence of renal disease but may also indicate the kind of lesion present or the state of activity of a known lesion. It should be included in every complete medical examination because it provides important information concerning the kidneys and urinary tract not readily ob- tainable in any other way.
  • the urine collection liner is unique in that it consists of 3 layers: a bottom water-impervious sheet having a top rip-proof sheet with a non-absorbent, supportive middle section.
  • This middle layer or spacer can consist of a high loft, non-absorbent non- woven or any other material that al ⁇ lows urine to pass through to the bottom impervious layer while providing sup ⁇ port to the non-absorbent grit digging medium above.
  • the urine collection device with the grit litter is easy to use, rapid and efficient.
  • the liner and non-absorbent litter are placed in a litter box, with the liner being secured to the litter box with the self-contained adhesive strips.
  • the urine specimen will immediately pass through the non-absorbent litter, rip-proof top sheet, non-absorbent supportive layer and collect on the impervious bottom sheet.
  • Collection of the specimen involves lifting the liner up, piercing the center of the liner and allowing the urine to flow into a specimen cup.
  • Another liner can be used to collect a second specimen which can be added to the refrigerated specimen if quantity urine is desired. If desired, the specimen liner can be folded properly containing the test urine specimen, stored in a refrigerator until being brought in its entirety to the vet's office.
  • the instant disclosure enables the user to observe a problem, get proper diagnosis and treatment more rapidly as well as observe whether treatment is working. Normally a cat's urinary tract disease or infection would have to progress to a point where the cat has become visibly affected before the owner could respond. Now effective treatment can be administered long before clinical evidence is noticed.
  • Liners as disclosed in U.S. Patent #4,640,225 consist of a waterproof plastic sheet, overlaid by an absorbent layer used for wicking and evaporating the urine, covered by a moisture-air transmitting screen that cannot be clawed through by the cat.
  • non-absorbent litters such as the mineral grits
  • in place of the standard clay litters have the advantages of not only being acceptance by the cat but they are dust-free, non-friable, totally inert and possess minimal scattering or tracking.
  • cat urine flowing over a non-absorbent mineral grit litter reaches the bottom of the litter box or liner in a relatively clean free form and of proper volume compared to urine pass ⁇ ing over clay litter and picking up clay dust.
  • a high loft non-woven can be used as a spacer between the Grit Bag and litter box for better collection of the urine specimen.
  • Grit is placed over diagnostic unit which includes a non- woven sheet and a plastic impermeable liner for collecting urine.
  • a layer of high loft, in ⁇ ert non-woven such as a spray-bonded material also can be used between the non-woven sheet and the impermeable liner to provide for better collection of the urine specimen.
  • the urine can be tested directly in the liner or the entire liner can be refrigerated and taken to the vet's office.
  • nonwoven sheet and impermeable liner can be bonded along the non-woven sheet's perphery.
  • the urine would be removed from the bonded unit by puncturing the impermeable liner and pour the urine into a container.
  • the receptacle can alternatively be a cardboard or coated cardboard box.
  • a snap on vacuum-molded protective top with drain holes is placed over the absorbent layer giving, from bottom to top to bottom, a: a. waffled base or ridge stripe vacuum-formed bottom member, the ridges would support the absorbent layer, top protective layer and grit; b. super-absorbent or fluff-absorbent member in the middle or between the ridges; and c. snap-on locking vacuum-formed protective top piece with holes or grooves for urine drainage.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

Prévention d'exhalaisons malodorantes provoquées par l'action des bactéries sur l'urine de chat dans une boîte à litière (10) pour chats. La boîte à litière comprend une base et des parois pourvues d'un élément absorbant-desséchant collecteur d'urine animale. La litière est en contact direct de transfert d'humidité avec l'élément absorbant-desséchant (12). La prévention d'exhalaisons malodorantes comprend le transfert direct de l'urine de chat des particules granulées à l'élément absorbant-desséchant, l'absorption de l'urine par un élément absorbant-desséchant ayant une grande superficie et un fort pouvoir absorbant de l'urine, la dispersion rapide de l'urine dans ledit élément absorbant-desséchant, et l'évaporation de l'urine de l'élément absorbant-desséchant à grande superficie à travers les particules granulées. L'élément absorbant-desséchant maintient l'urine dans un milieu qui soumet les bactéries dans l'urine à l'action du séchage.
PCT/US1987/001697 1986-07-15 1987-07-15 Litiere non-absorbante utilisable avec des tampons absorbants Ceased WO1988000434A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US88593286A 1986-07-15 1986-07-15
US885,932 1992-05-19

Publications (1)

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WO1988000434A1 true WO1988000434A1 (fr) 1988-01-28

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PCT/US1987/001697 Ceased WO1988000434A1 (fr) 1986-07-15 1987-07-15 Litiere non-absorbante utilisable avec des tampons absorbants

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EP (1) EP0277997A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU7875787A (fr)
WO (1) WO1988000434A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2630624A1 (fr) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-03 Chelle Rene Litiere pour chats et petits animaux, faite de grains de materiau peu dense caverneux et non absorbant, eliminant l'eau des urines par evaporation naturelle et empechant le developpement des mauvaises odeurs par l'adjonction de bactericide
WO1995008263A1 (fr) * 1993-09-22 1995-03-30 Ranpak Corp. Caisse a litiere jetable et legere pour chats
US5685259A (en) * 1993-11-16 1997-11-11 Ranpak Corp. Feline urinary tract disease-detecting transversely folded paper cat litter
US5730085A (en) * 1993-09-22 1998-03-24 Ranpak Corp. Lightweight disposable kitty litter box
EP1215170A1 (fr) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-19 Akzo Nobel N.V. Silice précipitée pour litière pour chat
EP1125494A3 (fr) * 2000-01-14 2003-05-14 Kao Corporation Matelas absorbant pour le traitement des excréments
WO2004008843A1 (fr) * 2002-07-19 2004-01-29 Mars Incorporated Toilette pour chats comprenant un test d'urine
US7128023B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2006-10-31 Kao Corporation Pet toilet

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DE4011254C1 (fr) * 1990-04-05 1991-06-20 Effem Gmbh, 2810 Verden, De

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Cited By (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2630624A1 (fr) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-03 Chelle Rene Litiere pour chats et petits animaux, faite de grains de materiau peu dense caverneux et non absorbant, eliminant l'eau des urines par evaporation naturelle et empechant le developpement des mauvaises odeurs par l'adjonction de bactericide
EP0341125A1 (fr) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-08 René Chelle Litière pour chats et petits animaux, faite de grains de matériau peu dense, caverneux et non absorbant, éliminant l'eau des urines par évaporation naturelle et empêchant le développement des mauvaises odeurs par l'adjonction de bactéricides
US5780385A (en) * 1992-03-31 1998-07-14 Ranpak Corp. Feline urinary tract disease-detecting paper cat litter and method
US5655479A (en) * 1993-09-22 1997-08-12 Ranpak Corp. Lightweight disposable kitty litter box method
US5730085A (en) * 1993-09-22 1998-03-24 Ranpak Corp. Lightweight disposable kitty litter box
WO1995008263A1 (fr) * 1993-09-22 1995-03-30 Ranpak Corp. Caisse a litiere jetable et legere pour chats
US5830765A (en) * 1993-09-22 1998-11-03 Ranpak Corp. Feline urinary tract disease-detecting paper cat litter and method
US5685259A (en) * 1993-11-16 1997-11-11 Ranpak Corp. Feline urinary tract disease-detecting transversely folded paper cat litter
EP1125494A3 (fr) * 2000-01-14 2003-05-14 Kao Corporation Matelas absorbant pour le traitement des excréments
US6578520B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-06-17 Kao Corporation Absorbent mat for excreta treatment
EP1215170A1 (fr) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-19 Akzo Nobel N.V. Silice précipitée pour litière pour chat
WO2002048037A1 (fr) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-20 Grace Gmbh & Co. Kg Particules de silice precipitees pour litiere de chat
US7037475B2 (en) 2000-12-14 2006-05-02 Grace Gmbh & Co. Kg Precipitated silica particles for cat litter
US7128023B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2006-10-31 Kao Corporation Pet toilet
WO2004008843A1 (fr) * 2002-07-19 2004-01-29 Mars Incorporated Toilette pour chats comprenant un test d'urine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7875787A (en) 1988-02-10
EP0277997A4 (fr) 1988-11-22
EP0277997A1 (fr) 1988-08-17

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