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WO1986003372A1 - Procede et dispositif pour etablir un champ electrique equipotentiel dans le sol - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour etablir un champ electrique equipotentiel dans le sol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986003372A1
WO1986003372A1 PCT/AT1985/000052 AT8500052W WO8603372A1 WO 1986003372 A1 WO1986003372 A1 WO 1986003372A1 AT 8500052 W AT8500052 W AT 8500052W WO 8603372 A1 WO8603372 A1 WO 8603372A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
area
negative potential
electrodes
region
Prior art date
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PCT/AT1985/000052
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Oppitz
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Eltac Nogler und Daum KG
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Eltac Nogler und Daum KG
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Publication of WO1986003372A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986003372A1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device as described in more detail in the preamble of patent claims 1 and 18.
  • a method and a system for establishing a constant electric field in the ground are already known - in accordance with EP-A 87 663 - in which two electrodes which are spaced apart from one another below the surface of the earth are connected to one another via a line system.
  • An electrode, in particular the cathode is arranged in a floor area of the floor adjacent to the floor surface and the further electrode, in particular the anode, is arranged in a floor area located at a greater distance from the floor surface.
  • Electrodes made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is filled with conductive, corrosion-resistant and electrolytically resistant materials. These materials can be replaced by carbon, e.g. Charcoal, graphite or soot can be filled.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Electrodes of this previously known system are formed by metal wires or by a network of metal wires and accordingly do not have adequate mechanical and chemical resistance.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a system for establishing an electric field, with which the establishment of a large-area homogeneous electric field is possible, which can be used in both active and passive operation and the sufficient flux over a long period - Transport of liquids and ions in the ground and / or in plants is made possible.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous.
  • the applied electrical Energy taking into account the potential energy of the transported nutrient or the liquid as well as taking into account the resistance between the two areas of the field and the field distribution becomes a basic requirement for a continuous, constant transport of nutrients or liquids and ions in the Area with negative potential of the field, ie when using electrodes, in the area of the cathode.
  • the electric field strength can be adapted to the amount of liquid or nutrients or ions in the region with a negative potential, for example by reducing the current and / or the voltage in the electric field, the subsequent transport of liquids, nutrients ions or ions from deeper soil areas or in the juice flow to existing areas are reduced and this formation of jams can be avoided.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is described in claim 3.
  • the establishment of a setpoint and a dependent regulation or control of the field strength with regard to a reduction and increase that is dependent on this prevents the formation of a jam or a breakdown of the electro-osmotic transport system.
  • the voltage is not increased above a maximum of 30 volts with a reduced current consumption, the occurrence of a hysteresis effect, in particular in the region of low-salt soil layer and the collapse of the electric field can be counteracted.
  • An embodiment according to claim 5 is also advantageous, since the field strength and above all the voltage in the field is reduced when the salt content in the liquid is higher, since the voltage drop in other soil layers which are not as saline is increased due to the corresponding increase in the conductance value , is increased due to the lower voltage drop in the salt-rich liquid, which can otherwise cause damage. Moreover, the increase in tension in saline liquids also increases the water transport to an undesirable extent if the tension is not reduced.
  • the transport conditions for the nutrients or liquids or ions can be adapted to different resistance and field course criteria within the overall osmotic system, so that the permissible voltages are not exceeded and without Damage caused by excessive current strengths in individual areas enables a continuous transport of nutrients, liquids or ions.
  • the magnesium deficiency in some types of soil has already in earlier times repeatedly caused the plants to die, for example the needles of conifers or the leaves, in particular in the case of fruit trees, to become yellow, and more recently as a result of the environmental influences or the Immission increased by acid rain is reduced by the invention.
  • the basic magnesium which is dissolved by the so-called “acid rain” and the acidic solutions formed thereby is replaced by the magnesium which is released when the electrodes are dissolved.
  • a sufficient amount of magnesium is again present in the soil, and the known environmental damage, such as, for example, tree crown death, in particular in coniferous forests and in fruit trees, is reduced or prevented at all.
  • liquids or ions and / or nutrient salts are supplied between the electrodes assigned to the soil regions with positive and negative potential, since this increases the fluid absorption or nutrient absorption, in particular of plants, independently of Limit values of an electro-osmotic liquid and nutrient transport can be compensated for and, in the case of extremely permeable soils, the liquid or nutrients supplied in this way can be kept in the planting area using the electric field, regardless of whether these liquids, nutrients or the like ionic electric field, another electric field for transporting liquids, nutrients and ions from deeper areas is superordinate.
  • a further, in particular independent, advantageous method is described in claim 17. This ensures that the resulting nutrient or liquid movement remains directed towards the surface of the earth or the nutrient transport of the plant even in the case of superimposed electrical fields.
  • the invention also includes a device, in particular for carrying out the method as described in the preamble of patent claim 18.
  • This device is characterized by the features in the characterizing part of claim 18.
  • a further embodiment of the device is characterized in claim 20. This makes it possible to keep the moisture in the vegetation area as the area of the roots of the plants.
  • a further embodiment of the apparatus describes the patent claim 21.
  • An advantageous further embodiment of the device according to the invention is contained in claim 23.
  • the arrangement of the drainage pipe and the supply of liquids and / or nutrients or or ions through the drainage pipe can stabilize the liquid requirement of the plants independently of the amount of liquid transported in the electrical field.
  • An embodiment according to claim 24 brings further advantages. This advantageously enables fully automatic control of the electric field on the basis of the characteristic values determined in each case.
  • An embodiment variant according to patent claim 26 is also advantageous. By regulating the rate of degradation using the diaphragm, the build-up of the electric field between the anode and the cathode can be regulated accordingly.
  • a device according to claim 28 is also advantageous.
  • This solution can surprisingly promote the nutrient transport of a plant in very specific areas, for example in the transition area between soil and root or in the direction of individual branches of the tree, and thus influence plant growth to the desired extent .
  • a further development according to claim 31 is also advantageous.
  • the supply of acidic liquids such as those caused by environmental influences and the so-called “acid rain”
  • these acidic solutions are neutralized by the bases released during the dissolution of the electrode and cannot disadvantageously change the pH in the soil.
  • a device according to claim 32 is also advantageous, since it enables the palatinate, that is to say the parts of the plant of the grafted plant applied to the parent plant, to be strengthened in their growth by accelerating the supply of nutrients and to accelerate their development.
  • FIG. 1 shows the application of the method according to the invention and the design of the device according to the invention on a plant formed by a tree on the basis of a cut through the soil receiving the roots of the plant;
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment variant of the method according to the invention or of the device according to the invention for supplying small plants with moisture from deeper soil layers;
  • FIG. 3 shows the method and the arrangement of the device according to the invention for building up an electric field superimposed on the natural nutrient transport through ion migration;
  • Fig. 4 contains a magnesium and with different
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the voltage profile and the current consumption of the superimposed electrical fields according to the arrangement of the anodes and cathodes in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a detail of part of a soil in a diagrammatic representation with a supply line for nutrients and / or liquids arranged in the electric field for holding the liquids and nutrients or ions in the root area of the plants;
  • FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of a rod-shaped, one-piece, combined cathode and anode for preferred use in tree renovation for establishing an electric field in the root area thereof;
  • 10 shows a diagrammatic representation of a network-shaped electrode constructed according to the invention
  • 11 shows a section through a conductor of the reticulated electrode according to lines XI-XI in FIG. 10.
  • Fig. is shown from the plant 1 a tree, a tree trunk 2 and branches 3 and the roots 5 extending in the ground 4.
  • the soil 4 consists of different layers running parallel to the earth's surface 6, for example a layer 7 consisting of humus, a water-permeable sand-permeable layer 8, and a water-impermeable clay layer 9.
  • the groundwater 10 is located in the lower region of the layer 8 impregnated with sand , which, due to the underlying layer of clay layer 9, cannot sink further.
  • a groundwater table 11 is located at a considerable distance from the root 5 of the plant 1 closest to the groundwater table 11.
  • the layer 8 interspersed with sand lying above the groundwater table 11 is very dry, since the moisture penetrating from the earth's surface 6 afterwards Leakage of the humus layer 7 in the subsequent layer 8 cannot be kept, but immediately seeps into the area of the groundwater 10. If the water supply or moisture supply from the earth's surface 6 is now insufficient, the plant 1 cannot develop to an extent corresponding to normal growth.
  • a device 12 for establishing an electrical constant field 14 indicated by field lines 13.
  • the device 12 comprises a
  • the output 16 present at the positive potential is connected to an electrode 17 arranged in the area of the groundwater 10.
  • An output 18 present at the negative potential of the DC voltage source 15 is via a Line 19 is connected to an electrode 20 arranged in the layer 7, for example in the humus layer or in the vegetation area, which can be formed by a conductive network.
  • the electrode 20 thus forms the cathode while the electrode 17 forms the anode and therefore the DC electrical field 14 builds up between these two.
  • the effect of the DC electric field 14 becomes weaker or stronger, ie more or less moisture is conveyed from the groundwater 10 into the area of the layer 7, as is indicated schematically by arrows 21.
  • the field strength of the field may not be sufficient to bring a sufficient amount of moisture into the root area of the plant 1. Therefore, in order to accelerate the moisture transport in the immediate root area of the plants, it is possible to arrange a further electrode 22 acting as an anode between the electrode 20 and the electrode 17 present at the positive potential, so that an electrode 22 and the electrode 20 are arranged between this electrical direct field 23 superimposed on the electrical direct field 14 is established, which is indicated schematically by field lines 24.
  • This cascade-shaped arrangement of the constant fields 14 and 23 leads to the increased water transport indicated by stronger arrows 25 in the direction of the roots 5 of the plant 1.
  • the electrode 22 acting as an additional anode consists of a metal which has a negative potential in the electrochemical voltage series of the metals.
  • a metal is, for example, magnesium, but aluminum or zinc could optionally also be used. It is only important in this case that the electrode 22 with its end region facing the electrode 20 by a distance X is arranged below the electrode 20 so that an electric field 23 can build up between the electrodes 22 and 20.
  • the advantage of the cascaded electrical fields is, among other things, that lower voltages can be used in each individual field and the voltage related to the surface is the limit value at which electrolysis of moisture or water can occur, is not exceeded. This avoids the formation of aggressive substances that attack the electrodes and could damage the roots 5 of the plant 1.
  • Electrodes 26 for example, in the layer 7 containing humus, which is connected to the tree trunk 2 of FIG.
  • Plant 1 connected electrode 27 is interconnected via a connecting line 28. If a metal is used as the material for the electrode 26, which is more negative in the electrochemical voltage series of the metals than the metal of the electrode 27 or the connecting line 28, an electrical direct field 29 is created, which is symbolized by the field lines 30 is indicated.
  • an electrode 31 forming an anode can be inserted into the tree trunk 2 of the plant 1, for example using conductive varnish or conductive substances in the tree trunk.
  • This electrode can be connected via connecting lines 32 to electrodes 33, 34, which are arranged at a distance from the electrode 31 in the direction of nutrient transport - arrow 35.
  • the electrodes 33 can be made through cuts made in the branches or the tree trunk, into which metal parts are introduced into the tree trunk 2 via conductive adhesives or connecting means or via cuts made on the branches 3 cuffed electrodes 34 may be connected to the negative potential.
  • the electrical field between the electrodes 31 or 33 and 34 can be built up by means of galvanic elements or by means of DC voltage sources arranged independently thereof. If a galvanic element is provided, then a metal is to be used for the material of the connecting lines 32 or the electrodes 33 and 34, which has a low negative potential in the electrochemical voltage series compared to a normal hydrogen electrode than the metal of the one serving as anode 31 Electrode. Magnesium or a magnesium compound is preferably used for the electrode 31, while copper or carbon fiber conductors can be used for the connecting line and carbon fibers, iron or the like can be used for the electrodes 33 and 34.
  • FIG. 1 further shows that it is also possible within the tree trunk 2 or the plant 1, by means of the electrical constant fields 29 or 36 between the electrodes 31 and 33 or 34, an electrical field superimposed on the cell system of the plant 1 to be carried out with which the plants are transported independently of the oxidation and reduction mechanisms and the transport of nutrients caused by the migration of ions, so that the individual cells receive more metals or salts and nutrients for processing in the oxidation and reduction processes is fed.
  • the trunk structure or the plant development or the development of the individual fruits and their ripening process can be controlled as desired.
  • a preferred application of the method and the device is to support the development of palaces applied to a plant during a finishing process.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of cascade-shaped DC fields 37, 38 between an electrode 17 located in the groundwater 10 and an electrode 40 located in the vegetation area of plants 39, which is adjacent to the negative potential of a DC voltage source 15.
  • the electrodes 41 additionally arranged to build up the electric fields 38 between the electrodes 17 and 40 in the illustrated embodiment consist of so-called sacrificial anodes 42, i.e. from metals which, compared to the electrode 40 in the electrochemical voltage series, have a negative potential compared to a normal hydrogen electrode.
  • This electrode 41 is additionally doped with nutrient salts 43 or insecticides 44 or the like, which, as indicated with schematic arrows, by the electrochemical process between the anode and the cathode due to the galvanic element. free degradation of the sacrificial anode and move towards the roots 45 of the plants. This means that these insecticides and nutrient salts are supplied to the individual cells of the plants with the moisture transport and the other minerals.
  • FIG. 3 the sequence of the ion migration between the individual cells and the nutrient transport superimposed on them through the electric field are illustrated in a greatly simplified and schematic manner using an example. These relationships essentially correspond to those in FIG. 2 between the sacrificial anode 42 and the
  • Electrode 40 or the process 45 is shown in FIG. 3 with the aid of an electric field which is located between the roots 45 of a plant 39 and a sacrificial anode 42 arranged in its area or one on the plant 39 in the area above Earth surface 6 located electrode 46 extends with negative potential.
  • the sacrificial anode 42 is formed by magnesium, pure magnesium being advantageously used. Above all, the magnesium should be aluminum-free to avoid damage to the roots or plants.
  • the further advantage that occurs with a sacrificial anode 42 made of magnesium is that the electrochemical degradation of the sacrificial anode 42, due to the electrochemical element 48 building up between it and a cathode 47 located in the plant 39, for example, leads to the magnesium ions 48 Apply roots 45 of the plant 39 or an accumulation of such magnesium ions 48 occurs in the root area.
  • precipitation such as rain 49 - which is indicated schematically by dashed lines - is caused by the connection of the rain or
  • Snow with the sulfur present in the air is a sulfurous acid which penetrates into a humus layer 50.
  • the reaction of the sulphurous acid with the magnesium present in the soil creates magnesium hydroxide Mg (0H) 2 .
  • the effect of acid rain in the soil and the resulting change in pH are avoided.
  • magnesium ions 5 leads to hydrogen or foreign ions 51, such as negatively charged salt residues and hydroxide ions, such as C1 ⁇ , NO., -, P0 4 3-, S0 4 2, HC0 3 -, COO " , OH " and CH 3 -, on the other hand, are repelled by the positive anions or rubbed off by the roots 45, as is shown schematically by small arrows in the area of one of the
  • An electrode 52 is shown in FIG. 4 that in addition to magnesium 53 - if possible in the form of pure magnesium - it can also contain other mineral nutrients. These mineral nutrients, which are distributed through the juice flow within the plant,
  • main elements are divided into main elements (macro elements) and trace elements (micro elements).
  • the main elements are absorbed in larger quantities and used to build up the living substance.
  • the trace elements present in very small quantities are required in order to function properly and effectively
  • the indispensable cations are K + , Ca, Mg, Fe and
  • the indispensable anions are H 2 P0 4 - and SQ 4 2-.
  • the nitrogen is taken up either as the anion NO, - or as the cation NH 4 +. At higher pH values, the nitrogen can also be used as
  • a complete nutrient solution should contain all those cations and anions that the plant needs in a suitable mixture. These include e.g.
  • the electrode 52 is adjacent to the environmental conditions in the area of the plant
  • Plant deposits also doped with, for example, magnesium sulfate 54 - MgS0 4 -, boric acid 55 - H 3 B0 3 - and potassium chloride 56 - KC1.
  • magnesium sulfate 54 - MgS0 4 - boric acid 55 - H 3 B0 3 -
  • potassium chloride 56 - KC1 potassium chloride 56 - KC1.
  • these nutrients or the positive ions, namely the cations migrate in the direction of the electrode adjacent to the negative pole, which is arranged above the roots or in a position distant from the electrode 52 in the direction of the juice flow from this position .
  • the nutrient cations and nutrient anions are thereby, owing to the precisely predefined electrical constant field, independent of the ion exchange or the anion respiration is brought into the area of the sap flow or the supply of these nutrient ions can be made possible in plant areas further away from the roots. This means that the nutrient supply caused by the plant structure and plant physiology is reinforced by the nutrient supply by means of the superimposed DC electrical field.
  • the electrode 52 it is also possible to dope the electrode 52 with any other nutrient salt or with micro- or macro-elements in order to take advantage of the nutrient transport superimposed on the normal processes in plant growth.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention and when using the device according to the invention is also that the arrangement of the electrodes can influence the intensity of the juice flow or the supply of nutrient salt within the plant, so that the plants grow in certain directions. for example, to enable uniform branch growth in trees.
  • FIG. 5 shows a better understanding of the method according to the invention or to explain a device according to the invention.
  • device 56 shows a block cut out of a ground 4.
  • This soil 4 consists of several layers running parallel to the earth surface 6, the uppermost layer 7 closest to the earth surface 6 being formed, for example, by a vegetation layer such as humus or the like.
  • Further layers 57 and 58 can then be provided in the direction of the schematically indicated groundwater 10, the layer 57 being more permeable to water than the layer 7 due to its structure, but still having a higher water retention capacity than, for example, a layer 58, which is formed by sand or volcanic rock or the like and has almost no water retention.
  • a liquid assigned to the vegetation area sinks relatively quickly into the area of the layer 58 and from there directly into the area of the groundwater 10. This effect is further enhanced if a layer 57 between the
  • Layer 7 and layer 58 are missing at all, as is the case, for example, in volcanic areas or in arid areas.
  • groundwater 10 from the deep soil areas is often to be pumped up from a depth of 20 to 70 meters into the area of roots 5.
  • Electrical fields 59, 60 and 61 serve this purpose, of which only a few of the field lines 62, 63 and 64 of the respective fields are shown for better understanding and clarity of the drawing. As can be seen, these fields overlap in a cascade fashion, so that the groundwater 10 is conveyed in several steps in an approximately stair-like manner into the region of the roots 5 of the plants 1.
  • the field lines 62 and 64 extend in the effective range of the electrical field 60, that is to say the "passive system", into the area of the anode 66, that is, the electrode which is in that area of the electrical field 60 which has a positive potential.
  • This anode 66 consists, for example, of magnesium or a metal doped with magnesium.
  • This is assigned as an electrode 67, which acts as a cathode, for example a network consisting of a more noble metal than the anode 66.
  • the electric field 60 builds up between the anode 66 and the electrode 67 due to the voltage difference between the two forming the anode 66 and the electrode 67 Materials on.
  • a higher or lower current flow is built up in the electric field 60.
  • this connecting line 68 acts as a short-circuit line between the electrode 67 and the anode 66 for the electrical fields 59 and 61, ie in the region of the electrical field 60 the electrical fields 59 and 61 between the anode 66 and these fields in each case expand assigned electrodes 69, 70 acting as anodes.
  • the field lines 62 and 64 of the electric fields 59, 61 also extend into the area of the electrode 67, which is connected to an output 71 of the energy source 65 which is connected to the negative potential, while the Anodes 69 and 70 are present at an output 72 of the energy source 65, which is at the positive potential.
  • a further anode 73 can be arranged between the anodes 69 and 70 in order to build up an additional electric field 74.
  • the large-area electrodes 67 which can be formed by network-shaped conductors or networks, are usually in the form of a web either directly abutting one another or, as shown schematically in the drawing, at appropriate intervals from one another over the soil surface to be irrigated, below the surface of the earth as far as possible in the area of Root 5 of the plants 1 to be watered.
  • circuit components required to implement the method and the device according to the invention are known from the prior art, and both analog and digital control elements and a wide variety of control systems known from the prior art can be used for implementation become.
  • the current consumption in the area of the outputs 71 and 72 is applied as a control variable via a line 76 to report the control device 75.
  • the voltage is then regulated as a function of the current consumption in such a way that a current setpoint can be preset using an adjusting device 77 and can be compared in a comparator 78 with measured values supplied by a current measuring device 79 via line 76.
  • the difference value determined in this way is then used to control a voltage regulating device 80, with which the voltage is changed to such an extent that the actual current value determined with the current measuring device 79 is preset in the respective electrical field 59 or 61 or 74 with the setting device 77 - corresponds to the current setpoint.
  • bores 81 can be used in bores 81 for the anodes 69, 70, 73 and possibly also 66 measuring devices 82 at different distances or depths below the surface 6 of the earth.
  • These measuring devices 82 can be connected to the control device 75 via a line 83, optionally also each of the measuring elements via a separate line. These measuring devices 82 are preferably used to determine the resistances between the individual layers of the ground or the areas with positive or negative potential or the electrodes associated with them, such as anodes or cathodes.
  • the conductance it is possible to set the necessary voltage for a defined current consumption of the electrical field, so that the voltage regulating device 80 can be used to trical field can be supplied with the appropriate energy to ensure sufficient transport of nutrients, liquids and / or ions.
  • these measuring devices 82 can also be used to determine the current consumption and / or the voltages and / or other characteristic values of the electric field 59 or 61 or 74 or 60.
  • moisture measuring devices 84 are arranged in the area of the roots 5 of the plants 1, that is to say in the vegetation area. These moisture-measuring devices can also be connected to the control device 75, for example the comparator 78 or the voltage control device 80. Depending on the supply of nutrients or liquids or ions, the current consumption and / or the voltage in the electrical field and / or the field strength can then be changed accordingly to prevent the layer 7 from being overfilled with moisture, Nutrients or ions and thus a backlog that leads to a breakdown of the osmotic water transport between the areas with positive potential and the areas with negative potential of the electric fields.
  • the electrical field 60 is also possible to operate the electrical field 60 as an "active system" in which the anode 66 and the electrode 67 are connected to an energy source 65 using a control device 75 or without it.
  • the current consumption or the voltage profile in the individual electrical fields is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the distances at which the electrodes acting as anodes are arranged below the earth's surface 6 are plotted on the vertical axis.
  • the voltage values and the current values are plotted on the horizontal axis.
  • the electric field 59 now extends in those areas in which it is not disturbed by the electric field 60, from the groundwater 10 via the bottom layer 58, the bottom layer 57 and the bottom layer 7 - the boundaries of which are indicated by irregular lines - to the area of the electrode 67 acting as a cathode.
  • the negatively charged salt residues namely the anions and the hydroxide ions, such as C1 “ , N0 3 “ , B0 4 3 “ , S0 4 2” , HC0 3 “ , C00 “ , 0H “ as well as CH 3 "
  • the negatively charged salt residues namely the anions and the hydroxide ions, such as C1 “ , N0 3 “ , B0 4 3 “ , S0 4 2" , HC0 3 “ , C00 “ , 0H “ as well as CH 3 "
  • salts are fed to the groundwater 10 in the area of the anode even during operation, so that there is usually an increase in the conductance in these soil layers receiving the groundwater 10 and usually also a pH of 3-4 during operation.
  • the advantage that results from this is, on the other hand, that salinization of the vegetation area of the soil caused by strongly saline irrigation water can be reduced.
  • the high resistance of the mostly dry, well water-conducting sediment layers, in particular layer 58 causes a correspondingly high voltage drop, whereas in the more humid and better conductive layers 57 and 7 the voltage drop becomes smaller.
  • the voltage of 12 volts in the present exemplary embodiment is now selected in order to ensure a current consumption in the electric field 59 of 2 amperes in accordance with a characteristic curve 86 in accordance with the determined resistances or conductance values.
  • the resulting energy or field strength in the electrical field 59 is then sufficient to cover the potential energy of the transported nutrient or the liquid - that is to say that amount of energy which is used to "lift” the liquids from deeper layers against gravity and to Pushing up the liquid in the area of the roots 5 of the plants 1 is required - ensure.
  • nutrients or liquids or ions flow into the areas between the individual electrodes 67 or are already drawn off from deep-rooted plants. It is therefore necessary to transport a higher quantity of nutrients or liquids from the area of the groundwater 10 than is required in the area of the roots 5 of the plants 1 in order to ensure an adequate supply of the plants 1.
  • the anode 69 of the electric field 61 is arranged in the end region 57 facing the layer 58 and the loss of highly transported nutrients or liquids in the region of the layer 58 is very low, so that the current consumption, as a characteristic curve 87 shows in the electric field 61 is not insignificantly lower than in the area of the electric field 59, namely 1.5 amperes, for example.
  • Layer 57 and, to an increased extent, layer 7, can absorb a great deal of liquid and can be drawn off into the area between the electrodes 67 by the capillary action or the liquid and nutrient salts and ions can already be removed from this area by deep roots the current consumption of the electrical field 60 built up between the anode 66 and the electrode 67 is only a substantially smaller proportion, in the present exemplary embodiment according to characteristic curve 89 approximately 0.6 amperes, in order to prevent the nutrient from collapsing. or liquid transport comes in this area and, on the other hand, to ensure that sufficient amounts are brought into the area of the roots 5 of the plants 1.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further, particularly advantageous embodiment, which can also be used separately from the other features of the method and the device according to the invention.
  • An electrical field 92 is produced between an electrode acting as an anode 93 and an electrode 94 acting as a cathode.
  • the electric field is built up by supplying energy from an energy source 65.
  • the moisture is transported by the action of the electric field 92 into the area of the electrode 94 or at least in the area between the anode 93 and that as the cathode acting electrode 94 held.
  • the liquid 96 which is provided via an inflow line 95 formed, for example, by drainage pipes or any other at least partially porous inflow line or an inflow line in the porous sections, for example as can be mixed with ions and nutrient salts, optionally fed under pressure by means of a pump 97. Due to the quantities of liquid and nutrient salts escaping through openings 98 in the porous sections of the inflow line 95 - indicated schematically by arrows 99 - the soil area, which receives the roots 5 of the plant 1, for example a layer 7, is moistened. In order now the vertical water seepage under the influence of
  • Counteracting gravity in non-water-containing soil layers - which is usually defined as a hydraulic filter speed - is an at least equally large but usually a higher electroosmotic filter speed with reference to the water movement in soils as a result of hydraulic pressure differences to keep the moisture in this area.
  • This is now done by the electroosmotic water movement due to the electric field 92.
  • the liquid emerging through the openings 98 is thus kept in the electric field. Since there is a positive ion layer in the water particles and an excess of anions on the bottom grain surface, the positive charge carriers of the water move along the field lines in the electric field and migrate to the electrode 94 forming the cathode the water molecules can move freely in relation to the soil particles held on them.
  • the inflow line 95 can be provided with a conductive coating 131, e.g. be made of a conductive plastic so that the inflow line itself forms the electrode acting as a cathode.
  • the vegetation area or the layer 7 with soil layers, liquid or nutrients also from deeper groundwater.
  • both the electrode arranged in the region with positive potential and the electrode in the region with negative potential of the electrical field are formed by conductors laid out in a network over a large area or networks extending over large areas.
  • Such an arrangement is particularly recommended for water retention in the vegetation area, especially, for example,% in glass house systems, where the aim is only to ensure that the irrigation water cannot sink into the underlying soil layers, but rather can be used as much as possible to supply the plants . It is then irrelevant whether additional supply lines for liquids, nutrients and / or ions are arranged between these two network-like electrodes or not.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment variant of a method according to the invention or a device for building up an electric field 100 - indicated schematically by field lines 101 -.
  • the electric field is defined by an area
  • the electrode formed from a rod 104 consists of a metal with a high negative voltage in the electrochemical voltage series of the metals, for example magnesium, which at its end region facing the earth surface 6, that is to say the region with a positive one Potential, with a nobler or higher quality metal, e.g. a carbon-doped plastic coating 105 is provided. Because of the voltage difference in the electrochemical voltage series of the metals, there is between the area
  • the surface of the rod 104 can be covered to a smaller or greater extent with a shrink film 107. This not only prevents an increased removal of the rod material immediately after the plastic coating 105, but also the size of the current flow in the electrical field 100 can be regulated.
  • the rod 104 usually has a circular cross section. At its end opposite the plastic coating 105, the rod 104 can be provided with a tip in order to be able to strike directly into the ground with a setting rod. In order to be able to illustrate the mode of operation of the shrink film and the plastic coating more clearly, the rod 104 was shown in section in FIG. It should also be mentioned that at good conductive soil layers, particularly in the case of very humid humus layers in forests, the introduction of the combined electrode or the rod does not have to take place directly in the root region of a tree - as shown for example in FIG.
  • a plant culture with plants 110 is created between the palms 109, the provision of roots 111 of these plants 110 requires special precautions. If, for example, a single electrical field is built up, which extends from the groundwater 10 to the area of an electrode 112 forming the cathode, a large part of the rising water is caused by the deep roots and the strong electro-osmotic intrinsic effect of the palms 109 deducted. The remaining residual water flow is then usually not sufficient to provide the plants 110 with sufficient liquid. In this case, a further advantage of the so-called cascade arrangement of the electric field can be seen, for example when the electrodes serving as anodes 113 are connected to the electrodes 112 via an energy source 114.
  • an electrical field 115 between the electrodes 112 and an anode 116 located approximately in the root region of the palm 109 is built up.
  • a so-called “passive system” is preferably used, in which the anode 116 supplies the current required for the field structure through electrochemical degradation.
  • This electric field which is usually already in the water-bearing soil and therefore has good conductivity in the soil layers, now generates an additional suction effect which, with the appropriate design, is higher than the suction effect of the palm 109, so that at least that part which is not directly from the roots of the Palms 109 is picked up, can be reliably fed to the roots 111 of the plants 110.
  • a further advantage of this system lies above all in the fact that in such a so-called “passive system”, through the direct line connection between the electrode 112 and the anode 116, this acts as a short-circuit line for the lower-lying anode 113 and thus the area of the negative Potential of an electric field 117 in the area of influence of the electric field 115 is in the area of the anodes 116 and, by appropriate arrangement of the anodes 116 and the electrical see field 115 a forwarding of the nutrients or liquids or ions transported upward from the groundwater 10 in the direction of the roots 111 of the plants 110 is achieved.
  • FIG. 10 shows an electrode 118 forming a cathode, which consists of a network 119 which is connected to a line system 120, for example with the interposition of an energy source 121 and an electrode acting as an anode 122.
  • the anode 122 can be formed by a metal rod 123, which can optionally also be surrounded by an electrically conductive plastic 124.
  • the network 119 consists of individual conductors 125, 126, which are laid in the form of a network or are linked or interwoven to form a network and at the same time form the distribution lines.
  • These conductors 125, 126 can consist of a, in particular high-strength, conductive plastic. This can e.g. be formed in the manner of a thermoset with a macromolecular structure and e.g. consist of an acrylate with at least partially cross-linked polymers.
  • filament-shaped flexible carrier materials 127 made of carbon and / or metal, which are preferably provided with a silver coating 128, can be embedded in this plastic. To increase the conductance, these carrier materials can be embedded in at least some of the conductors 125, 126, which connects the network 119 to the line system 120.
  • the carrier materials 127 made of carbon or metal can be inserted into any plastic, for example polyamide, acrylic, polyester or the like, in order to form the conductors 125, 126 of the network 119 - be bedded.
  • the network can be embedded in a conductive plastic 129.
  • a conductor 125 is shown in FIG. 11, which is composed of a multiplicity of thread-shaped carrier materials 127 or individual strands. This conductor 125 is surrounded with a silver coating 128 and in a conductive plastic 129, e.g. in the manner of a duroplastic with a macromolecular structure, e.g. embedded in an acrylate with at least partially cross-linked polymers.
  • the advantage of the plastics 129 used according to the invention lies in the fact that these synthetic resin dispersions, synthetic resin solutions or synthetic resins contain metal or semi-metallic compounds or their solutions in an amount such that approximately one metal per synthetic resin molecule - or Haibmetallatom comes and which, after mixing and adding reducing agent in a slight excess or by known thermal decomposition contains metal or semimetal atoms and is washed out with the ions formed or still present and the dispersions, solutions or granules with Gra- phit or soot are processed further offset.
  • Such plastics are not only resistant to chemical and electrochemical influences, but also have a high level
  • plastics described above can be used with advantage in connection with the various exemplary embodiments of the electrodes serving as cathodes and / or anodes shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 and have proven extremely useful in practical tests.
  • Another advantage of these plastics is that they have a high surface adhesion and surface roughness, so that the heavy metal ions or the cations separated from the salts adhere to this plastic and are bound, so that they are completely removed from the vegetation area.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif pour établir un champ électrique équipotentiel entre différentes parties d'une plante ou du sol. Pour cela on dispose, écartées d'une certaine distance, les parties soumises au potentiel négatif et au potentiel positif dans la direction de transport de fluide désirée. Dans ce champ, une énergie électrique dirigée est transportée.
PCT/AT1985/000052 1984-12-04 1985-12-03 Procede et dispositif pour etablir un champ electrique equipotentiel dans le sol Ceased WO1986003372A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA3852/84 1984-12-04
AT385284A AT396319B (de) 1984-12-04 1984-12-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbau eines elektrischen gleichfeldes in einer pflanze

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986003372A1 true WO1986003372A1 (fr) 1986-06-19

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PCT/AT1985/000052 Ceased WO1986003372A1 (fr) 1984-12-04 1985-12-03 Procede et dispositif pour etablir un champ electrique equipotentiel dans le sol

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EP (1) EP0238493A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN85109512A (fr)
AT (1) AT396319B (fr)
AU (1) AU5203886A (fr)
WO (1) WO1986003372A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210765A (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-21 Gerald Hugh Sidaway Method of plant culture
EP0791651A1 (fr) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-27 IPR-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Riehen AG Procédé pour le traitement de matière biologique
GB2428955A (en) * 2005-06-08 2007-02-14 Tekgenuity Ltd Plant watering system
WO2024033919A1 (fr) * 2022-08-08 2024-02-15 Xtrion Agriculture Innovation Ltd. Système de culture de plantes pour fournir une alimentation électrique pour améliorer la croissance
IT202300001668A1 (it) * 2023-02-02 2024-08-02 Eo G E A S R L Sistema e metodo di gestione di acque profonde in un terreno coesivo

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5131876B2 (ja) * 2009-10-27 2013-01-30 具明 大塚 ニ一ドル農法
CN107384431A (zh) * 2017-08-23 2017-11-24 太仓市新滨农场专业合作社 一种盐碱性土壤改良剂
WO2022061209A1 (fr) * 2020-09-21 2022-03-24 Matergenics, Inc. Appareil et procédé de traitement électrochimique de plante
CN115885756A (zh) * 2022-12-05 2023-04-04 武汉大学 一种促进旱区绿化植物成活的方法及系统

Citations (1)

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EP0087663A1 (fr) * 1982-02-16 1983-09-07 ELTAC Nogler & Daum KG Dispositif pour produire un champ électrique

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CH11438A (de) * 1895-12-21 1896-06-30 Jean Fuchs Vorrichtung zum Befördern des Wachstums von Pflanzen, sowie zum Vernichten schädlicher Mikroben, insbesondere der Reblaus
AT28036B (de) * 1905-05-26 1907-04-10 Electrocultur G M B H Ges Einrichtung zum Befördern des Pflanzenwachstums.
FR693414A (fr) * 1930-04-05 1930-11-20 Procédé et dispositif d'irrigation électrique du sol
DE589654C (de) * 1931-06-12 1933-12-12 Friedrich Harsch Elektrokulturverfahren
FR766755A (fr) * 1934-01-08 1934-07-04 Procédé physico-biologiques influencant le développement des végétaux
FR2403424A1 (fr) * 1977-09-19 1979-04-13 Paysant Eugene Humidification des sols arides
FR2427047A2 (fr) * 1977-09-19 1979-12-28 Paysant Eugene Fertilisation par ele
DE2841933A1 (de) * 1978-09-27 1980-04-17 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Verfahren zur elektrischen beeinflussung des wachstums von pflanzlichen, tierischen und bakteriellen zellen, geweben und individuen

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0087663A1 (fr) * 1982-02-16 1983-09-07 ELTAC Nogler & Daum KG Dispositif pour produire un champ électrique

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2210765A (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-21 Gerald Hugh Sidaway Method of plant culture
GB2210765B (en) * 1987-12-11 1991-06-12 Gerald Hugh Sidaway Method of plant culture
EP0791651A1 (fr) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-27 IPR-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Riehen AG Procédé pour le traitement de matière biologique
GB2428955A (en) * 2005-06-08 2007-02-14 Tekgenuity Ltd Plant watering system
WO2024033919A1 (fr) * 2022-08-08 2024-02-15 Xtrion Agriculture Innovation Ltd. Système de culture de plantes pour fournir une alimentation électrique pour améliorer la croissance
IT202300001668A1 (it) * 2023-02-02 2024-08-02 Eo G E A S R L Sistema e metodo di gestione di acque profonde in un terreno coesivo

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA385284A (de) 1992-12-15
CN85109512A (zh) 1986-06-10
AT396319B (de) 1993-08-25
EP0238493A1 (fr) 1987-09-30
AU5203886A (en) 1986-07-01

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