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WO1984000440A1 - Method for the treatment of fuel elements after their extraction from a reactor core - Google Patents

Method for the treatment of fuel elements after their extraction from a reactor core Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984000440A1
WO1984000440A1 PCT/EP1983/000168 EP8300168W WO8400440A1 WO 1984000440 A1 WO1984000440 A1 WO 1984000440A1 EP 8300168 W EP8300168 W EP 8300168W WO 8400440 A1 WO8400440 A1 WO 8400440A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pellets
glass
denitration
solution
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1983/000168
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Franz Joseph Gattys
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GATTYS TECHNIQUE SA
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GATTYS TECHNIQUE SA
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Publication date
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Publication of WO1984000440A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984000440A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
    • C03C1/02—Pretreated ingredients
    • C03C1/026—Pelletisation or prereacting of powdered raw materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
    • C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/42—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
    • G21C19/44—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated solid fuel
    • G21C19/48—Non-aqueous processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
    • G21F9/305—Glass or glass like matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of burnt-out fuel elements from nuclear reactors, in which the fuel elements are dissolved in hot nitric acid and the solution, after removal of solid impurities and other reusable uranium and plutonium components, is first subjected to concentration and denitrification as well as the recycling of the processing products.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a method for processing spent fuel elements or for obtaining otherwise reusable materials from spent fuel elements, the disadvantages of the known methods, namely ⁇ ⁇ the formation of dust and aerosols in the course of the processing method and the adverse consequences resulting therefrom are avoided.
  • the invention consists in that the denitrification takes place in several stages for the selective separation of the solution component and the highly active solution component isolated in this way is granulated into pellets.
  • the invention provides a refurbishment process for spent fuel elements, with the aid of which the inactive constituents, in particular noble metals, and then the highly active constituents are precipitated and thus separately recovered, and the highly active ones
  • Materials are brought into a form that can either be recycled directly or after melting into a glass matrix, or else be further prepared for final storage i -
  • the denitrification is advantageously carried out in a first stage with the help of formic acid and after separation of the noble metals precipitated in this way, in particular rhodium and silver, in a second stage with the aid of parafordehyde or oxalic acid for the purpose of reducing the alkali and alkaline earth nitrates .
  • the denitration of the second stage when using paraformaldehyde is advantageously carried out in the presence of potassium hydrogen sulfate as a catalyst.
  • the solution is advantageously neutralized before the denitrification, with the neutralization advantageously being carried out with the aid of glass-forming alkaline materials in the event that the further processing of the pellets produced is intended by melting into a glass matrix.
  • the pelletization can be carried out in such a way that the highly active waste liquid, after separating the inactive noble metal components, is mixed directly with the aid of radioactive neutral filling materials, such as ash or other powdered waste materials, in a ratio such that the water content of the mixture between Is 8 and 15% by weight, whereupon the mixture is subjected to a pelletizing process.
  • the highly active solids can be separated from the waste solution after the second denitrification stage and finely ground Glass frit mixed in a ratio of 20:80 and granulated in a conventional manner in a pelletizer.
  • the material to be pelletized is advantageously combined with a mineral substance which reacts with water to form a water-insoluble compound, in particular a hydroxide of a metal II.
  • a mineral substance which reacts with water to form a water-insoluble compound, in particular a hydroxide of a metal II.
  • Main and secondary group of the periodic system intimately mixed in a quantity resulting in a microfilm layer on the material grains, and the mixture thus obtained is then agglomerated in a manner known per se with the addition of pelletizing liquids. In this way, permanently stable pellets can also be obtained from materials which are not themselves pelletizable or which do not adhere in the dry state.
  • the pellets produced in this way can be further processed for final storage in such a way that they are melted directly into a low-melting lead alloy.
  • the pellets can also be melted into glass or ceramic bodies, it being possible for the pellets introduced into the melting furnace to be added separately as glass frit, if necessary for the glass or ceramic production.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The elements are hot-dissolved in nitric acid and the solution from which solid impurities as well as reusable uranium and plutonium have been removed is first subjected to a concentration and a denitration. The denitration is effected in a plurality of stages to cause the selected separation of solution constituents. The oxide waste are transformed into pellets. The denitration is carried out in a first stage with formic acid and in a second stage with paraformaldehyde or oxalic acid. If the material is hardly transformable into pellets, the transformation is carried out with a mineral substance which reacts with water to form a water-insoluble substance (particularly a metal hydroxyde of the main group or secondary group II of the periodic table). Such transformation takes place in a thin layer on the pellets produced. The pellets may be used in that form or may be melted to form glass or ceramic bodies.

Description

_£ - _ £ -

Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von abgebrannten Brennelementen aus KernreaktorenProcess for processing spent fuel elements from nuclear reactors

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von ausge brannten Brennelementen aus Kernreaktoren, bei dem die Brennele mente in heißer Salpetersäure gelöst und die Lösung nach Abtren nung fester Verunreinigungen sowie der anderweit wiederverwend¬ baren Uran- und Plutoniumbestandteile zunächst einer Aufkonzen- trierung und Denitrierung unterworfen wird sowie die Verwertung der Aufbereitungsprodukte.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of burnt-out fuel elements from nuclear reactors, in which the fuel elements are dissolved in hot nitric acid and the solution, after removal of solid impurities and other reusable uranium and plutonium components, is first subjected to concentration and denitrification as well as the recycling of the processing products.

Bei den bekannten Verfahren dieser Art erfolgt im Anschluß an d Denitrierung eine Vortrocknung sowie anschließend eine Kalzinie rung der aus der Lösung ausgefällten und abgetrennten, im wesen lichen von Alkali- und Erdalkalinitraten bestehenden hochradioaktiven Bestandteile, bei die Kalzinierung entweder in einem Fließbettkalzinator oder einem Sprühkalzinator oder einem Dünnschicht- alzenkalzinator be Temperaturen zwischen 400 und 600 C erfolgt. Die Nachteile die ses Aufarbeitungsverfahrens bestehen- insbesondere darin, daß dur die hohen Kalzinierungstemperaturen vor allem bei der SprühkalziIn the known processes of this type, a pre-drying and then a calcination of the precipitated and separated from the solution, consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates highly radioactive constituents takes place after d denitration, in the calcination either in a fluidized bed calciner or a spray calciner or a thin film salt calciner at temperatures between 400 and 600 ° C. The disadvantages of this reprocessing process are, in particular, that the high calcining temperatures, especially in the spray calcine

f OMPI nierung, jedoch auch bei den anderen beiden Kalzinierungsverfahr eine starke Staub- und Aerosolbildung auftritt, die einerseits z erheblichen Verdampfungs- und Sublimatioπsverlusten vor allem an den hochaktiven Bestandteilen Gaesium 137 und Rubidium 106 sowie andererseits zu einer erheblichen Belastung der Apparaturen, ins besondere deren Dichtungen und Abgasfilter führt. Die derart kal zinierten, nunmehr in αxidischer Form vorliegenden hochaktiven Materialien werden anschließend in eine Glasmatrix und diese wie derum zur Endlagerung in eine Bleischmelze eingeschmolzen. Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens zu Aufbereitung von abgebrannten Brennelementen bzw. zur Gewinnung anderweit wiederverwendbarer Materialien aus abgebrannten Brenn elementen, wobei die Nachteile der bekannten Verfahren, nämlich ■■ die Staub- und Aerosolbildungen im Verlauf des Aufbereitungsver- fahrens und die sich hieraus ergebenden nachteiligen Folgen ver¬ mieden sind. Die Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Denitrierung i mehreren Stufen zur selektiven Abtrennung der Lösungsbestandteil erfolgt und die derart isolierten hochaktiven Lösungsbestandteil zu Pellets granuliert werden.f OMPI nation, but also in the other two calcination processes a strong dust and aerosol formation occurs, which on the one hand z considerable evaporation and sublimation losses especially on the highly active components Gaesium 137 and Rubidium 106 as well as on the other hand to a considerable load on the equipment, especially its seals and Exhaust filter leads. The highly active materials calcined in this way, now in an oxidic form, are then melted into a glass matrix and this in turn melted into a lead melt for final storage. The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for processing spent fuel elements or for obtaining otherwise reusable materials from spent fuel elements, the disadvantages of the known methods, namely ■ ■ the formation of dust and aerosols in the course of the processing method and the adverse consequences resulting therefrom are avoided. The invention consists in that the denitrification takes place in several stages for the selective separation of the solution component and the highly active solution component isolated in this way is granulated into pellets.

Durch die Erfindung ist ein Aufarbeitungsverfahren für abgebran te Brennelemente geschaffen, mit dessen Hilfe zunächst die inak¬ tiven Bestandteile, insbesondere Edelmetalle und anschließend di hochaktiven Bestandteile ausgefällt und damit getrennt zurückgewonnen und die hochaktivenThe invention provides a refurbishment process for spent fuel elements, with the aid of which the inactive constituents, in particular noble metals, and then the highly active constituents are precipitated and thus separately recovered, and the highly active ones

Materialien in eine Form gebracht werden, die entweder eine ande weitige Verwertung direkt oder nach Einschmelzung in eine Glasma trix oder aber auch eine weitere Vorbereitung zur Endlagerung er i -Materials are brought into a form that can either be recycled directly or after melting into a glass matrix, or else be further prepared for final storage i -

möglicht. Eine Kalzinierung der Materialien mit ihren nachtei¬ ligen Auswirkungen ist nicht erforderlich oder kann in einer stark verminderten, die beschriebenen Nachteile vermeidenden F durchgeführt werden. Die Denitrierung erfolgt vorteilhaft in ei ner ersten Stufe mit Hilfe von Ameisensäure und nach Abscheidun der auf diese Weise ausgefällten Edelmetalle, insbesondere Rhute nium und Silber, in einer zweiten Stufe mit Hilfe von Parafor a dehyd oder Oxalsäure zum Zwecke der Reduzierung der Alkali- und Erdalkalinitrate. Hierbei erfolgt die Denitrierung der zweiten Stufe bei Verwendung von Paraformaldehyd vorteilhaft in Anwesen heit von Kaliumhydrogensulfat als Katalysator. Es wird weiterhi vorteilhaft die Lösung vor der Denitrierung neutralisiert, wobe zweckmäßig die Neutralisierung für den Fall, daß die Weiterver¬ arbeitung der hergestellten Pellets durch Einschmelzen in eine Glasmatrix vorgesehen ist, mit Hilfe von glasbildenden alkalisc Materialien erfolgt.possible. A calcination of the materials with their adverse effects is not necessary or can be carried out in a greatly reduced F avoiding the disadvantages described. The denitrification is advantageously carried out in a first stage with the help of formic acid and after separation of the noble metals precipitated in this way, in particular rhodium and silver, in a second stage with the aid of parafordehyde or oxalic acid for the purpose of reducing the alkali and alkaline earth nitrates . Here, the denitration of the second stage when using paraformaldehyde is advantageously carried out in the presence of potassium hydrogen sulfate as a catalyst. The solution is advantageously neutralized before the denitrification, with the neutralization advantageously being carried out with the aid of glass-forming alkaline materials in the event that the further processing of the pellets produced is intended by melting into a glass matrix.

Die Pelletisierung kann in der Weise erfolgen, daß die hochakti Abfa llflüssigkeit nach Abtrennung der nicht aktiven Edelmetall bestandteile unmittelbar mit Hilfe von radioaktiv neutralen Fül materialien, wie Asche oder anderweit pulverförmige Abfallmater alien, in eine Mengenverhältnis gemischt wird, daß der Wasserge halt der Mischung zwischen 8 und 15 Gew.?ό beträgt, worauf die Mischung einem Pelletisiervorgang unterworfen wird. Es können j doch in einer anderen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens der Erfin¬ dung die hochaktiven Feststoffe nach der zweiten Denitrierungs- stufe aus der Abfall-Lösung abgetrennt und mit fein gemahlener Glasfritte im Verhältnis 20:80 gemischt und in an sich bekannter Weise in einer Pelletisiereinrichtung granuliert werden.The pelletization can be carried out in such a way that the highly active waste liquid, after separating the inactive noble metal components, is mixed directly with the aid of radioactive neutral filling materials, such as ash or other powdered waste materials, in a ratio such that the water content of the mixture between Is 8 and 15% by weight, whereupon the mixture is subjected to a pelletizing process. However, in another embodiment of the process of the invention, the highly active solids can be separated from the waste solution after the second denitrification stage and finely ground Glass frit mixed in a ratio of 20:80 and granulated in a conventional manner in a pelletizer.

Sofern es sich bei den eingesetzten Materialien um mit Wasser ni oder nur schwer pelletisierbare oder nach Trocknung wiederum zer fallende Materialien handelt wird vorteilhaft das zu pelletisie- rende Material mit einer mit Wasser zu einer wasserunlöslichen Verbindung umreagierenden mineralischen Substanz, insbesondere e nem Hydroxid eines Metalls der II. Haupt- und Nebengruppe des pe riodischen Systems, in einer eine Mikrofilmschicht auf den Mate¬ rialkörnern ergebenden Menge innig gemischt und die so gewonnene Mischung anschließend unter Zugabe von Pelletisierungsflüssigkei in an sich bekannter Weise agglomeriert. Auf diese Weise können auch aus an sich nicht pelletisierbaren oder in trockenem Zustan nicht klebenden Materialien dauerhaft stabile Pellets gewonnen werden.Insofar as the materials used are water-nellable or materials which are difficult to pelletize or disintegrate again after drying, the material to be pelletized is advantageously combined with a mineral substance which reacts with water to form a water-insoluble compound, in particular a hydroxide of a metal II. Main and secondary group of the periodic system, intimately mixed in a quantity resulting in a microfilm layer on the material grains, and the mixture thus obtained is then agglomerated in a manner known per se with the addition of pelletizing liquids. In this way, permanently stable pellets can also be obtained from materials which are not themselves pelletizable or which do not adhere in the dry state.

Die in dieser Weise hergestellten Pellets können zur Endablageru weiterverarbeitet werden in der Weise, daß sie direkt in eine niedrigschmelzende Bleilegierung eingeschmolzen werden. Es könne jedoch auch die Pellets zu Glas- oder Keramikkörpern aufgeschmol zen werden, wobei den in den Schmelzofen eingebrachten Pellets g gebenenfalls für die Glas- bzw. Keramikherstellung fehlenden Ma¬ terialbestandteile als Glasfritte gesondert zugegeben werden kön nen.The pellets produced in this way can be further processed for final storage in such a way that they are melted directly into a low-melting lead alloy. However, the pellets can also be melted into glass or ceramic bodies, it being possible for the pellets introduced into the melting furnace to be added separately as glass frit, if necessary for the glass or ceramic production.

Es werden auf diese Weise aus den bisher als Abfallmaterialien bIn this way it is b

f OM handelten und als Endlagerungsprodukte erhebliche Probleme be¬ reitenden Brennelementen nicht nur die inaktiven wertvollen Ede Metalle zurückgewonnen, sondern darüber hinaus aus den hochakti ven Materialien Produkte geschaffen, die mit großem Erfolg ande weitig eingesetzt werden können, etwa bei der Hygienisierung vo Klärschlämmen oder Gewinnung von Niedrigtemperaturwärme.f OM acted and as significant disposal problems for fuel assemblies, not only recover the inactive valuable Ede metals, but also create products from the highly active materials that can be widely used with great success, for example in the sanitation of sewage sludge or in the extraction of low-temperature heat .

OMPI OMPI

Claims

- * - - * - PatentansprücheClaims 1. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von abgebrannten Brennelemen aus Kernreaktoren, bei dem die Brennelemente in heißer Salpeter säure gelöst und die Lösung nach Reinigung von festen Verunreini gungen und Abtrennung von wiederverwendbarem Uran- und Plutonium bestandteilen zunächst einer Aufkonzentrierung und Denitrierung unterworfen sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Denitrierung in mehreren Stufen zu selektiven Abtrennung der Lösungsbestandteil erfolgt, worauf die anfallenden Abfalloxide zu Pellets granulie werden.1. Process for the preparation of spent fuel elements from nuclear reactors, in which the fuel elements are dissolved in hot nitric acid and the solution after cleaning solid impurities and separating reusable uranium and plutonium components are initially subjected to concentration and denitrification, characterized in that Denitration takes place in several stages to selectively separate the solution constituent, whereupon the waste oxides obtained become pellet granules. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß d Denitrierung in einer ersten Stufe mit Hilfe von Ameisensäure u nach Abscheidung der hierdurch ausgefällten Edelmetalle in eine zweiten Stufe zur Reduzierung der Alkali und Erdalkalinitrate m Hilfe von Paraformaldehyd oder Oxalsäure erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that d denitrification in a first stage with the help of formic acid u after the precipitation of the noble metals thereby precipitated in a second stage to reduce the alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates with the help of paraformaldehyde or oxalic acid. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß d Denitrierung mit Hilfe von Paraformaldehyd in Anwesenheit von Kaliumhydrogensulfat als Katalisator erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that d denitration is carried out with the aid of paraformaldehyde in the presence of potassium hydrogen sulfate as a catalyst. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch geken zeichnet, daß die Abfall-Lösung vor der Denitrierung neutralisie wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the waste solution is neutralized before denitrification. OM - ? -OM -? - 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß d Neutralisierung mit glasbildenden alkalischen Materialien erfol5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that d neutralization takes place with glass-forming alkaline materials 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß die hochaktive Abfall-Lösung mit Hilfe von radioaktiv neutralen Füllmaterialien, beispielsweise Asche oder anderweitige pulverförmige Abfallmaterialien derart gemischt wi daß das resultierende Material einen Wassergehalt zwischen 8 un 15 Gew.-._ besitzt, worauf es einem Pelletisiervorgang unterworf wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized ge indicates that the highly active waste solution with the aid of radioactive neutral fillers, such as ash or other powdery waste materials mixed such that the resulting material has a water content between 8 and 15 wt. -._ has what it is subjected to a pelletizing process. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch geke der zeichnet, daß die Feststoffe aus/Abfall-Lösung abgetrennt und m fein gemahlener Glasfritte im Verhältnis 20 : 80 gemischt und i an sich bekannter Weise in einer Pelletisiereinrichtung granulie werden.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the solids are separated from / waste solution and mixed m finely ground glass frit in a ratio of 20:80 and i granulate in a manner known per se in a pelletizer. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß das zu pelletisirende Material mit einer mit Wasser zu einer wasserunlöslichen Verbindung umreagierenden mine ralischen Substanz, insbesondere einem Hydroxid eines Metalls der II. Haupt- oder Nebengruppe des periodischen Systems, in ei¬ ner eine Mikrofilmschicht auf den Materialkörnern ergebenden Men ge innig gemischt und die so gewonnene Mischung anschließend un- ter Zugabe von Pelletisierflüssigkeit in an sich bekannter Weise agglomeriert wird. _. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß die Pellets direkt in eine niedrigschmelzende Bleilegierung eingeschmolzen werden.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized ge indicates that the material to be pelletized with a mineral substance reacting with water to form a water-insoluble compound, in particular a hydroxide of a metal of the II. Main or subgroup of the periodic system, mixed intimately in a quantity resulting in a microfilm layer on the material grains and the mixture thus obtained is then agglomerated in a manner known per se with the addition of pelletizing liquid. _. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pellets are melted directly into a low-melting lead alloy. 5 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß die Pellets zu Glas- oder Keramikkörpern auf¬ geschmolzen werden.5 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized ge indicates that the pellets are melted auf¬ to glass or ceramic bodies. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch lo, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 10 den eingebrachten Pellets gegebenenfalls für die Glasherstεllun fehlende Materialbestandteile als Glasfritte gesondert in den Schmelzofen eingeführt werden.11. The method according to claim lo, characterized in that 10 the pellets introduced, if necessary for the Glasherstεllun missing material components are introduced as glass frit separately in the melting furnace. 12. Verwendung der Glas- bzw. Keramikkörper nach Anspruch 10 -*I5 11 in loser Schütte zur Hygienisieruπg von Klärschlamm.12. Use of the glass or ceramic body according to claim 10 - * I5 11 in a loose chute for Hygienisieruπg of sewage sludge. 13. Verwendung der Glas- bzw. Keramikkörper nach Anspruch 10 oder 11 in loser Schütte zur Gewinnung von Niedrigtemperaturwär13. Use of the glass or ceramic body according to claim 10 or 11 in a loose chute for obtaining low-temperature heat 2020th 25 25
PCT/EP1983/000168 1982-07-06 1983-07-04 Method for the treatment of fuel elements after their extraction from a reactor core Ceased WO1984000440A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823225199 DE3225199A1 (en) 1982-07-06 1982-07-06 METHOD FOR PROCESSING COMBUSED FUEL ELEMENTS FROM CORE REACTORS

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WO1984000440A1 true WO1984000440A1 (en) 1984-02-02

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2779974B1 (en) 1998-06-19 2000-07-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique PROCESS FOR THE DISSOLUTION OF PLUTONIUM OR A PLUTONIUM ALLOY

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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