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WO1982001718A1 - High flash points additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels - Google Patents

High flash points additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1982001718A1
WO1982001718A1 PCT/US1980/001530 US8001530W WO8201718A1 WO 1982001718 A1 WO1982001718 A1 WO 1982001718A1 US 8001530 W US8001530 W US 8001530W WO 8201718 A1 WO8201718 A1 WO 8201718A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primene
nitrobenzene
kerosene
picric acid
butyl alcohol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1980/001530
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Int Inc Xrg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to BR8009121A priority Critical patent/BR8009121A/en
Priority to AU65736/80A priority patent/AU6573680A/en
Priority to AT0915880A priority patent/ATA915880A/en
Priority to DE19803050640 priority patent/DE3050640A1/en
Publication of WO1982001718A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982001718A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1208—Inorganic compounds elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1275—Inorganic compounds sulfur, tellurium, selenium containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • This invention relates to two compositions which are useful in increasing the flash point of (a) diesel fuels and (b) gasoline.
  • a dosage amount of the additive increases the flash point of the resulting composition from about 6°C to 29 °C. This, in effect, relieves the user of strict legal burdens and enables the use of the compositions in local and interstate traffic.
  • a dosage of the additive to fuels is in the range 1:1000 to 1:2000 with a preferred dosage of about 1:1600 parts by volume.
  • the flash point of a fuel indicates the temperature below which it can be handled without danger of fire. This is the temperature to which the fuel must be heated to create sufficient fuel vapors above the surface of the liquid fuel for ignition to occur in the presence of an open flame.
  • composition for the agent for gasoline to high flash point is set out below:
  • Picric Acid This trinitrophenol acts synergistically with the elemental iron or copper carbonate hydroxide to give the active component of this invention.
  • Kerosene This is a blend of aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 19°-59°C (150°-280°F).
  • the Alcoholic Solvents Normal butyl alcohol is used here in the formulation designed to give a high flash point.
  • Nitrobenzene This compound is utilized as an additional solvent. It is miscible with alkanols and is a superior organic solvent for the picric acid.
  • Primene are tertiary alkylamines which are a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R 1 (R 2 ) (R 3 )CNH 2 in which the amino group is linked to a tertiary carbon atom.
  • the amines utilized in this invention are Primene 81R and Primene JM-T with the 81R preferred. These amines are anti-oxidants and stabilizers for fuel oils and jet fuels.
  • Copper Acetate This ingredient is known as copper (II) acetate and is useful as a catalyst in polymerization processes.
  • Copper Carbonate Hydroxide This is also known as green basic copper carbonate which occurs in nature as the mineral malachite.
  • Methyl isobutyl ketone is used and is a lower ketone useful as a solvent.
  • Iron Preferably iron powder is used for the high flash point diesel invention.
  • Example 2 The components are mixed in a manner similar to Example 1 above.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un additif de combustible ameliore d'economie d'energie pour des moteurs diesel ou a essence comprend des compositions separees qui font monter le point d'inflammabilite de 6 environ jusqu'a 9 C. Dans le cas de l'additif diesel, la composition suivante est preferee: fer elementaire: 0,01%; cetone isobutyle methyle: 5,0%; acide picrique: 1,5%; alcool butylique normal: 20,0%; kerosene: 73%; nitrobenzene: 0,08%; primene 81R: 0,05%. La composition de l'agent pour l'essence pour obtenir un point d'inflammabilite eleve est quelque peu differente et peut avoir la formule suivante: hydroxyde de carbone de cuivre: 0,02%; cetone isobutyle methyle: 5,0%; alcool butylique normal: 20,0%; kerosene: 73%; acide picrique: 1,5%; nitrobenzene: 0,08%; primene: 0,05%.An improved energy-saving fuel additive for diesel or gasoline engines includes separate compositions which raise the flash point from about 6 to 9 C. In the case of the diesel additive, the composition the following is preferred: elemental iron: 0.01%; isobutyl methyl ketone: 5.0%; picric acid: 1.5%; normal butyl alcohol: 20.0%; kerosene: 73%; nitrobenzene: 0.08%; primene 81R: 0.05%. The composition of the gasoline agent to obtain a high flash point is somewhat different and may have the following formula: copper carbon hydroxide: 0.02%; isobutyl methyl ketone: 5.0%; normal butyl alcohol: 20.0%; kerosene: 73%; picric acid: 1.5%; nitrobenzene: 0.08%; primene: 0.05%.

Description

HIGH FLASH POINT ADDITIVES OR COMPOSITIONS FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUELS
This invention relates to two compositions which are useful in increasing the flash point of (a) diesel fuels and (b) gasoline. In each case application of a dosage amount of the additive increases the flash point of the resulting composition from about 6°C to 29 °C. This, in effect, relieves the user of strict legal burdens and enables the use of the compositions in local and interstate traffic. A dosage of the additive to fuels is in the range 1:1000 to 1:2000 with a preferred dosage of about 1:1600 parts by volume.
The flash point of a fuel indicates the temperature below which it can be handled without danger of fire. This is the temperature to which the fuel must be heated to create sufficient fuel vapors above the surface of the liquid fuel for ignition to occur in the presence of an open flame.
Prior Art Statement
Of interest relative to patent prior art are three patents of Dr. Harry M. Webb, assigned to XRG International, Inc. This group of patents; namely, US 4,099,930, US 4,129,421 and US 4,145,190, utilizes ferrous sulfate in conjunction with picric acid and includes water in the solvent milieu. The present additives are based upon copper (II) carbonate hydroxide and elemental iron together with picric acid. Additionally, US 1,669,181 teaches copper and iron salts in an internal combustion engine fuel. Related to this application is an earlier application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, Serial No. US 80/01509 filed 12 November 1980. In the case of high flash point composition designed for diesel fuels, a range and preferred composition is set out below:
Range Preferred
Elemental iron .01-.03% .01%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 3 - 7 % 5 . 0 %
Picric acid 1 - 2 % 1.5 %
Normal butyl alcohol- 20 - 30% 20.0 %
Kerosene 75 - 59% 73.0. %
Nitrobenzene .05 - .11% .08%
Primene 81R .1 - .2 % .05%
It is noted of interest in the diesel formulation that the most important elements are elemental iron and picric acid.
The composition for the agent for gasoline to high flash point is set out below:
Range Preferred
Copper carborlate hydroxide .01-.03% .02%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 3 - 7 % 5.0 %
Normal butyl alcohol 20 - 30% 20.0 %
Kerosene 75 - 59% 73.0 %
Picric acid 1 - 2 % 1.5 %
Nitrobenzene .05 - .11% .08%
Primene 81R .1 - .2 % .05%
It is noted that in this high flash point gasoline composition the most important constituents are copper carbonate hydroxide and picric acid. For solubility purposes, in addition to the above components, copper acetate may be used in amounts of .01 - .05%. The Ingredients
Picric Acid. This trinitrophenol acts synergistically with the elemental iron or copper carbonate hydroxide to give the active component of this invention.
Kerosene. This is a blend of aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 19°-59°C (150°-280°F).
The Alcoholic Solvents. Normal butyl alcohol is used here in the formulation designed to give a high flash point.
Nitrobenzene. This compound is utilized as an additional solvent. It is miscible with alkanols and is a superior organic solvent for the picric acid.
Primene. Primenes are tertiary alkylamines which are a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R1 (R2) (R3)CNH2 in which the amino group is linked to a tertiary carbon atom. The amines utilized in this invention are Primene 81R and Primene JM-T with the 81R preferred. These amines are anti-oxidants and stabilizers for fuel oils and jet fuels.
Copper Acetate. This ingredient is known as copper (II) acetate and is useful as a catalyst in polymerization processes.
Copper Carbonate Hydroxide. This is also known as green basic copper carbonate which occurs in nature as the mineral malachite.
Ketones. Methyl isobutyl ketone is used and is a lower ketone useful as a solvent. Iron. Preferably iron powder is used for the high flash point diesel invention.
EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of High Flash Point Diesel Composition
Methyl isobutyl ketone 4.0%
Picric acid 1.5%
N-butyl alcohol 20.0%
Iron (element powder) . 01%
Kerosene 73.36% Nitrobenzene .08%
Primene 81R .05%
Dissolve the picric acid in the methyl isobutyl ketone; add the N-butyl alcohol and elemental iron. The reaction time during stirring is 24 hours. Add the kerosene, nitrobenzene, and Primene.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of High Flash Point Gasoline Additive
Methyl isobutyl ketone 5.0%
N-butyl alcohol 20.0% Copper carbonate .02%
Picric acid 1.54%
Kerosene 73.0 %
Primene 81R .05%
Nitrobenzene .08%
The components are mixed in a manner similar to Example 1 above.
EXAMPLE 3
Using the same preparation as in Example 2, about .01 - .05% of copper acetate was added.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A high flash point agent for gasoline comprising elemental iron, methyl isobutyl ketone, picric acid, normal butyl alcohol, kerosene, nitrobenzene, and Primene.
2. A diesel additive for increasing flash poin includes the following:
Elemental iron .01-.03%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 3 - 7%
Picric acid 1 - 2%
Normal butyl alcohol 20 - 30%
Kerosene 75 - 59%
Nitrobenzene .05-.11%
Primene 81R ' .1 - . 2%
3. The additive according to Claim 2 wherein the composition utilized is as follows:
Elemental iron .01%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 5.0 %
Picric acid 1.5 %
Normal butyl alcohol 2.0.0 %
Kerosene 73.0 %
Nitrobenzene .08%
Primene 81R .05%
4. An additive for a high flash point gasoline comprising:
Copper carbonate hydroxide .01-.03%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 3 - 7%
Normal butyl alcohol 20 - 30%
Kerosene 75 - 59%
Picric acid 1 - 2% Nitrobenzene .05-.11%
Primene 81R .1 - .2%
5. The additive according to Claim 4 wherein the composition utilized is as follows:
Copper carbonate hydroxide .02%
Methyl isobutyl ketone 5.0 %
Normal butyl alcohol 20.0 %
Kerosene 73.0 %
Picric acid 1.5 %
Nitrobenzene .08%
Primene 81R .05%
6. The additive according to Claim 4 wherein for solubility purposes there is added an amount of 0.1 - 0.5% of copper acetate.
PCT/US1980/001530 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash points additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels Ceased WO1982001718A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR8009121A BR8009121A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 HIGH FLASH POINT ADDITIVES OR COMPOSITES FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUELS
AU65736/80A AU6573680A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash point additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels
AT0915880A ATA915880A (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 ADDITION TO THE FLASH POINT FOR GASOLINE
DE19803050640 DE3050640A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 ADDITIVES OR COMPOSITIONS FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUELS TO INCREASE THE FLASH POINT

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOUS80/01509801112 1980-11-12
PCT/US1980/001509 WO1982001717A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982001718A1 true WO1982001718A1 (en) 1982-05-27

Family

ID=22154644

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1980/001509 Ceased WO1982001717A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels
PCT/US1980/001530 Ceased WO1982001718A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-17 High flash points additives or compositions for gasoline and diesel fuels

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1980/001509 Ceased WO1982001717A1 (en) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Copper catalyst for fuels

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0064494A4 (en)
JP (2) JPS57501854A (en)
AU (1) AU6645781A (en)
BR (1) BR8009120A (en)
DE (1) DE3050641A1 (en)
GB (2) GB2099850A (en)
NL (2) NL8020472A (en)
WO (2) WO1982001717A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280200B (en) * 1993-06-28 1997-08-06 Exonflame Limited Fuel oil additives

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2330149A (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-14 Sayed Ahmed Fuel additive for the reduction of post-combustion pollutants
CN1896197B (en) * 2006-06-26 2011-04-06 于涛 Methanol modified mixer
USD879408S1 (en) 2016-06-06 2020-03-31 Mondelez Europe Gmbh Cracker
USD862834S1 (en) 2016-06-27 2019-10-15 Mondelez Europe Gmbh Cracker
USD887666S1 (en) 2017-05-19 2020-06-23 Generale Biscuit Food bar

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1271114A (en) * 1917-10-12 1918-07-02 Us Ind Alcohol Co Liquid fuel.
US1419910A (en) * 1917-10-12 1922-06-20 Us Ind Alcohol Co Liquid fuel
US1820983A (en) * 1926-02-15 1931-09-01 Standard Oil Dev Co Heavy oil fuel
US4099930A (en) * 1977-04-01 1978-07-11 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines
US4145190A (en) * 1977-06-24 1979-03-20 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for jet, gasoline, diesel, and bunker fuels
US4242100A (en) * 1979-10-15 1980-12-30 Tri-Pak, Inc. Motor fuel composition

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE535369A (en) *
US1669181A (en) * 1924-05-10 1928-05-08 Chester A Walter Fuel for internal-combustion engines and motors
GB743472A (en) * 1951-03-01 1956-01-18 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to fuel oils and the combustion of fuel oils
US2962439A (en) * 1956-12-07 1960-11-29 Sun Oil Co Fuel and lubricant additives for reducing combustion chamber deposits
US4188205A (en) * 1978-03-06 1980-02-12 Alchem, Inc. Fuel injection in blast furnaces

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1271114A (en) * 1917-10-12 1918-07-02 Us Ind Alcohol Co Liquid fuel.
US1419910A (en) * 1917-10-12 1922-06-20 Us Ind Alcohol Co Liquid fuel
US1820983A (en) * 1926-02-15 1931-09-01 Standard Oil Dev Co Heavy oil fuel
US4099930A (en) * 1977-04-01 1978-07-11 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines
US4129421A (en) * 1977-04-01 1978-12-12 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for jet, gasoline, diesel, and bunker fuels
US4145190A (en) * 1977-06-24 1979-03-20 Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. Catalytic fuel additive for jet, gasoline, diesel, and bunker fuels
US4242100A (en) * 1979-10-15 1980-12-30 Tri-Pak, Inc. Motor fuel composition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0064974A4 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280200B (en) * 1993-06-28 1997-08-06 Exonflame Limited Fuel oil additives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0064974A1 (en) 1982-11-24
EP0064494A1 (en) 1982-11-17
WO1982001717A1 (en) 1982-05-27
JPS57501853A (en) 1982-10-14
NL8020447A (en) 1982-10-01
JPS57501854A (en) 1982-10-14
EP0064494A4 (en) 1983-03-15
NL8020472A (en) 1982-10-01
BR8009120A (en) 1982-10-13
GB2099774A (en) 1982-12-15
EP0064974A4 (en) 1983-03-15
DE3050641A1 (en) 1982-12-30
GB2099850A (en) 1982-12-15
AU6645781A (en) 1982-06-07

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