WO1982000497A1 - Heat engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A piston (42) is mounted telescopically by sliding in a lifting cylinder (41). This piston (42) has a connecting rod (52) projecting upwards out of an envelope (20) surrounding the cylinder (41). The casing (1) is formed so as to communicate the upper space of the piston with the lower space of the piston through an annular space surrounding the outside of the cylinder (41). Alcohol, ammonia, paraffin oil or benzene are filled as working substance, the volume of which varies according to the temperature changes in the annular space and in the internal space of the cylinder. The upper part of the casing (20A) is cooled with water which passes through a cooling water passage (26). The lower part of the envelope (20B) is heated by a heating device (80). An outlet displacement member (64) is slidably mounted around the piston rod (52) to project into the space of the cylinder. The piston rod (52) and the output displacement member (64) are connected through a crankshaft mechanism (16) to an output shaft (11). When the piston (42) is moved in height in the cylinder the working substance moves in height in the annular space, and is cooled and reheated alternately by a cooling unit (32) and a heating unit (34), respectively. An upward force is applied to the pressure receiving surface (63) of the outlet displacement member (64) as a result of the increase in pressure of the working substance when the latter is heated and expanded, thereby producing the rotary drive force of the output shaft (11).

Description

 Meiho Thermal Technology

 The present invention relates to a heat engine using a volume change of a fluid due to heating and cooling, and particularly to a heat engine using an incompressible fluid.

 Machine

 Dagger

 冃 Landscape technology

 The incompressible material whose volume changes due to temperature change is alternately affected by the warm field and the ^ field, thereby causing an incompressible material to produce an alternating volume change in the compressible material. A heat engine that converts the linear displacement of the output displacement member into a linear displacement and extracts a rotational motion from the output via a motion conversion mechanism is known as proposed by the present applicant. Yes (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-43153).

In this known heat engine, a liquid or a solid, for example, a paraffinic material is used as the incompressible substance, and a volume change of the incompressible substance is extracted as a mechanical displacement. For this purpose, an output displacement material is provided directly in contact with the incompressible material, or another displacement transmission medium is interposed between the incompressible material and the output displacement member. . Providing the output displacement member directly in contact with the incompressible material is the point that the change in volume of the incompressible material can be directly converted to the output displacement / material displacement. However, in this case, in order to alternately apply the warm and cold fields to the incompressible material, a piston that displaces while separating the warm and cold fields is necessary. ] ?, a complicated mechanism is required for driving this toner. On the other hand, in the latter case where another displacement transmitting medium is interposed between the incompressible substance and the output displacement member, a seal member is required to separate the incompressible substance itself from the medium. And a? However, it is necessary to alternately move the incompressible material between the warm field and the cold field while sealing the incompressible material with the seal member, and similarly a complicated mechanism is required.

 The present invention, as described above, is mechanically complicated. 3 A relatively wasteful heat engine of the above-mentioned type is mechanically and spatially compacted to be suitable for practical use. This is the purpose. Disclosure of the invention

 According to the present invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved by the following configuration of the heat engine, that is, a cylinder and a screw-in which is provided in the cylinder in a sliding manner. And the cylinder space on one side of the biston and the cylinder space on the other side as well, so that they communicate with each other via the outside of the cylinder. The casing that forms the space surrounding the outside of the solder, the fluid filled with the cylinder circle and the space described above, which changes due to temperature changes, and adheres to the piston. The piston rod and the biston which are led out through the casing

ΟΜΡΙ The casing is provided through the casing at the sliding position along the pad and at one end inside the casing, due to the thermal expansion of the fluid in the casing. An output displacement member having a pressure receiving surface for receiving a force directed to the outside of the sink; a means for cooling a portion of the cylinder near the edge of the cylinder; A means for heating the casing near the other end of the die, and a phase difference between the piston rod and the end of the output displacement member outside the casing. This is attained by a heat engine having a crank mechanism connected to the output shaft with the heat pump. Brief description of drawings

 FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional front view showing an example of the heat engine of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the same part, FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional partial view showing another embodiment, FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fluid flow control cylinder, and FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the operation. It is a figure. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 1, 1A supports the heat engine of the present invention, and is a lower frame, on which an upper frame 1B is fixed. . The lower frame 1A has a top plate 3 supported by a column 2. Lower IPO The four side surfaces of the sub-frame lA are covered by side plates 4, and each side plate 4 has an opening 5 as shown in FIG. The upper frame 1B is composed of opposing upright supporting plates 6 and a top plate 7 connecting the upper ends of these upright supporting plates 6. An opening can be provided in one of the support plates 6 as shown by 8.

 In the top plate 3 of the lower frame 1A, two circular holes 10 are provided side by side, and the main body E of the heat engine of the present invention is inserted into each of the circular holes 10. It is fixed in a state of being suspended by the top plate 3. On the other hand, on the upper frame 1B, the rotary output shaft 11 of the heat engine of the present invention is supported by the tiller itself via the bearings 12 and 13. The bearing 12 is supported on the support plate 6, and the bearings 1 and 3 are provided on a bearing support member 14 supported on the lower surface of the top plate 7. The heat engine body E is connected to the output shaft 11 via a crank mechanism 16. As apparent from FIG. 1, two crank mechanisms 16 are provided corresponding to the two heat engine bodies E. A flywheel 17 is attached to the output shaft 11 to stabilize the output. The output of the output shaft 11 is sent to the outside by, for example, a gear 18. Retrieved.

 The details of the heat-insulated body E are shown in 3 ^; ιΜ. The heat-m body E employs a casing consisting of the upper casing part 20A and the lower casing part 20B. The upper casing part 20 A holds the flange 21 A,

O PI IPO Also, the lower casing portion 20B has a flange 21B, and these flanges 21A and 21B are abutted against each other, and They are integrated with each other by bolts 22 penetrating them. The head of bolt 22 is passed through and supported by top plate 3 described above. The nut 23 should be fitted to the lower end of the bolt 22.], and the casings 20A and 20B are fitted into the circular holes 10 of the top plate 3. In this state, it will be supported by the top plate 3. On the sides of the flanges 21A and 2IB, there is an insulating packing 24 made of a material such as cloth-filled bakelite. Block the heat transfer between the parts.

 The upper casing portion 20A has an annular groove 26 on the outer periphery, and the outside of the annular groove 26 is closed by an annular closing plate 27, whereby the groove is formed. A passageway is formed in 26 for the recirculating fluid, for example water. The closing plate 27 is designed to be in close contact with the inner surface of the circular hole 10. On the other hand, the upper open part of the upper casing part 20 A is covered with a cover plate 28. The cover plate 28 is fixed to the body of the upper casing 20 A by the bolt 29.

 Figs. 3 and 4; as can be seen from the figure, a rectangular projection 31 protrudes toward the circle of the upper casing "20A". The protruding portion 31 is formed with a fluid circulating hole 3.2 in a linear arrangement. The fluid flow holes 32 constitute a first heat exchange section. In each fluid flow hole 32, a fin 3J,

ΟΜΡΙ It is preferable to protrude a large number of them or to insert an optional heat exchange promoting member.

 An annular projection 34 similar to the annular projection 31 is also formed inside the lower casing portion 20B, and a series of fluid communication holes 35 are arranged in an annular array. It is set up. These fluid communication holes 35 constitute a second heat exchange section. It is preferable that the fins 36 are also protruded from the respective fluid flow holes 35, or that any other type of heat exchange facilitating member is fitted.

 A cylindrical body 40 is integrally formed between the lower end の of the annular projection 31 of the upper casing portion 20 A and the upper end の of the annular projection 34 of the lower casing portion 20 B. And the inner peripheral walls of the annular projections 31 and 34 and the inner peripheral wall of the cylindrical body 40 are connected to each other up and down through the same cylindrical surface, thereby forming a cylinder. 41 is formed vertically in the casings 20A and 20B. .

 Inside the cylinder 41, a plurality of pistons, each of which is made up of a plurality of piston elements 42 A and 42 B, is fitted into the cylinder 41. Between these piston elements 42A and 42B, a heat insulating material 43 made of, for example, clay is interposed, and heat between the two piston elements is provided. Is prevented from moving. The piston elements 42A and 42B are provided with hollow portions 44 and 45, respectively, which are recessed toward the heat insulating material 43 between them.

The space 4 inside the casing outside the aforementioned cylinder 40 Numeral 7 constitutes a heat recovery section, and in this space 47, for example, a large number of steel balls 48 are packed. The size of the steel ball changes depending on the conditions. The steel balls 48 are in point contact with each other] ?, and between them there are numerous voids through which the incompressible fluid described later passes. As will be described later, these steel balls absorb heat of the fluid, for example, when a high-temperature fluid passes in one direction while touching the same, and the temperature rises, and the low-temperature fluid contacts the other direction while touching the same. It gives heat to the fluid as it passes and has a heat recovery effect. However, since the steel balls are only in point contact with each other, the transfer of heat between the steel balls is extremely small.

 Any other means can be employed to achieve the same effect as the steel ball 48. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a space in which a wire netting 49 and a perforated fine plate 50 are alternately arranged in a vertical direction is filled in the space 47. I can do it. In this example, the wire mesh 49 exchanges heat with the fluid, and the bakelite board 50 prevents the transfer of heat in the vertical direction. A piston rod 52 penetrates vertically and is attached to the piston by rings 53, 53. The piston rod 52 is attached to a bearing 邰 54 provided on the lower casing part 20 B and a bearing 邰 55 provided on the upper casing part 2 OA.さ れ It is passed and held.

The upper end of piston rod 52 is the casing part 20 A Above the above, one of the above-mentioned crank mechanisms 16 is pinned by pin 57 to one mechanism 16A.]? As shown in Fig. 2, the mechanism 16A is mounted on an eccentric disk 60 fixed to the rotary output shaft 11 and slides around the outer periphery of the disk. The above-mentioned bin 57 is inserted into the protruding portion 62 (FIG. 3) of the ring 61. According to the above configuration, when the output shaft 11 rotates, the piston rods 52 and 42A, 4A, 4A are passed through the cranking machine 16A. 2B reciprocates up and down.

 Referring again to FIG. 3, the upper casing part 2 OA is fitted concentrically with the outer peripheral part of the piston rod 52 on the bearing part 55 of the cover plate 28 of the OA. In addition, a cylindrical output displacement member 64 having a pressure receiving surface 63 at the lower end is provided at the sliding position. On both sides of the upper end of the output displacement member 64, trunnions 65, 65 are provided so as to protrude laterally in a physical manner. On the other hand, the crank mechanism 16 connected to the output shaft 11 has the other two mechanisms 16B and 16C; the train mechanisms 65 and 65 have these mechanisms. It is connected to output shaft 11 via 16B and 16C. Similarly to the mechanism 16A, each of the mechanisms 16B and 16C has an eccentric disk 67 fixed to the output 轴 11 and a ring fitted on the outer periphery of the eccentric disk 67. And a lower end of a crank arm 69 protruding downward from each ring 68 integrally. The lower end of the crank arm 69 is fitted into the trunnion 65. Therefore, when the output displacement member 64 is vertically displaced, the crank ^ structures 16B and 16C are moved.

OMPI— V IFO ^ The output shaft 1 1 rotates via this. Structures 16B and 16C have a rotation phase delay of, for example, 90 ° with respect to mechanism 16A, so that the upper casing part 2OA is rejected. As for the groove 26, recirculated water flows through a pipeline 71 (FIGS. 1 and 2). The pipe 71 is connected to the groove 26 via a passage protruding from the top plate 3 from the side of the lower frame 1A.

 The internal space of the casings 20 A and 20 B is filled with the incompressible fluid described above, including the internal space of the cylinder 41. This fluid is selected from substances whose volume changes due to temperature changes are large, their thermal conductivity is large, and their specific heat is small. Usable ¾ Substances are alcohol, ammonia water, raffin oil and benzene. These substances can be used alone or in a mixed state. As an example of the mixed state, it is conceivable that paraffin powder is mixed into alcohol to form an emalyon. It is also conceivable that the gas is mixed and dispersed in this alcohol so as to be in an emulsion state. In addition, there are various types of materials in which a solid, liquid, or gas is dispersed in the liquid shell to form an emulsion, but in any case, the incompressibility of the fluid is reduced. However, it is necessary to reduce the volume change due to the temperature change.

 As shown in Fig. 2, as shown in Figure 2

 O PI

Λ, WIPO The internal space ^ communicates with the circular portion of the fluid volume regulating cylinder 74 supported by the top plate 3 via a pipe 73 which penetrates through the cover plate 28 and leads to the outside, for example. . A piston 75 is provided in the cylinder 74, and an incompressible fluid is filled in the upper space of the piston 75. The details of the fluid volume adjustment cylinder 74 are shown in Fig. 6, and the piston rod 76 of the piston 75 is screwed into the lower end of the cylinder 74. It is slidably inserted into the interior of the infinity sleeve 778 inserted in the cap 77. A compression spring 79 is interposed between the upper end of the adjusting sleeve 78 and the lower surface of the piston 75 to connect the housing 75 to the housing 20A, Pushing upward against the pressure of fluid in 20 B. Therefore, when the fluid pressure in the casing increases, the piston 75 is displaced downward while compressing the spring 79. The opposing force of the spring 79 is made by changing the insertion amount of the adjusting sleeve 78.

 Next, the operation of the heat engine described above will be described.

 Prior to operation of the engine, in the cooling water passage formed by the annular depression 26 in the upper casing section 20A? The rejected water is circulated to start recirculation of the upper casing part 20 A and, as shown in Fig. 1, appropriate combustion inside the lower frame 1 A 8 0 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 8 ¾ 8 8 ¾ 8 ¾ ¾ 8 8 8. It is not always necessary to use a combustor for the addition, but it is possible to use solar heat or any other means.

OMPI

V / IPCT it can. When a combustor 80 (eg, gas spanner) is used as shown, the openings 5 are useful for observing the state of combustion and for discharging the combustion gases. As described above, even if the upper and lower casing portions 20 A and 20 B are cooled and heated, respectively, since there is an insulating packing 24 between them, the two casings 20 A and 20 B are both cooled. The rejection and heating conditions of the singing part are rarely affected by each other.

 As described above, the engine is started with the upper casing portion and the lower casing portion each being started to be rejected and heated. In the state in which reheating and heating reach a steady state, an appropriate tilling is applied to the rotary output shaft 11 first. This is usually done manually. The output displacement member 64 tries to be displaced in the vertical direction by the rotation of the output shaft 11, but at this time, the incompressibility inside the casings 20A and 20B is reduced. Assuming that the fluid is confined in a completely filled state in the casing, the output displacement member 64 cannot be displaced and the output shaft 11 cannot be manually rotated. To move the fluid out of the casing or into the casing circle in response to the displacement of the output displacement member 64. However, the above-mentioned fluid flow adjusting honey cylinder 74 is used. That is, for example, when the output displacement member 64 is displaced toward the casing circle, the fluid of the casing 'circle corresponds to the displacement of the output displacement member. The amount is sent to the cylinder 74 while pushing down the tube 75 by pushing the tube 73.

OMPI WIPO . In this case, the adjusting sleeve 78 is retracted to weaken the force of the compression spring 79, so that the piston 75 easily retracts against the force of the spring 79. Please.

 In this way, the output displacement member 64 can be displaced so that the output shaft 11 can be rotated manually, and then the output shaft is rotated and the piston The pistons 42A and 42B are displaced up and down by the displacement of rod 52. As described above, while the output displacement member 64 and the pistons 42A and 42B are manually displaced up and down, the cooling and heating approaches the steady state. 3 As the heat engine starts to operate by itself, the manual power is gradually removed, and the fluid flow is adjusted. The adjusting sleeve 78 is screwed in to increase the force of the compression spring 79 to substantially lock the incompressible fluid into the casing. Note that the above starting process can be appropriately automated, and in this case, the adjustment sleeve 78 can be automatically turned on. I do.

 In the above-described start-up process, assuming that the services 4.2A and 42B have been sent to the top dead center position n, the cylinder above the serviceton U As shown by the arrow in FIG. 7, the fluid in the cylinder 41 descends into the inside of the casing on the outer periphery of the cylinder 41, and the fluid in the cylinder 41 as shown in FIG. Turn it under the stone. As a result, the number of fluids in the heated lower casing portion 20B increases, and the fluid thermally expands. The maturation of the fluid in the lower casing part 20 B

OMPI However, the heat can be obtained in a short time by good heat transfer in the second heat exchange including the fins 36 in the fluid flow holes 35 of the casing portion.

 In this way, the fluid expands thermally and its volume increases, but the fluid in the casing is strong. The fluid is confined in the casing by the force of the compression spring 79. From the force in this state, an increased upward force acts on the receiving surface 63 of the output displacement member 64 due to an increase in the pressure inside the casing due to an increase in the volume of the fluid. Then, the output displacement member 64 is displaced upward. By this upward force acting on the output displacement member, the output shaft 11 'is cultivated clockwise in FIG. 2 via the crank mechanism 16A. This rotation is output as an output to the outside by means of gears 18 and the like shown in FIG.

The rotation of the output shaft 11 causes the pistons 42A and 42B located at the top dead center to start displacing downward. As a result, the heated fluid in the lower casing portion 20B starts moving upward in the outer space ^ of the cylinder 41. When the fluid passes through the heat recovery section constituted by the inside space 47 of the casing, the fluid gives the retained heat to the steel ball 48. As described above, since the steel balls 48 are in point contact with each other, the heat work from the steel balls to the steel balls is small, and the steel balls 4 The temperature of 8 is lower as it goes upward. The fluid is then constituted by the fluid flow holes 32 in the upper casing part 20 A and the fins 33 inside it. After being rejected in the heat exchange section of l, it enters the upper casing section 20A.

 When the pistons 42A and 42B completely reach the bottom dead center, the state shown in Fig. 3 is obtained, and the amount of fluid located in the upper casing portion 20A is smaller. In many cases, the fluid is totally rejected and its volume is reduced.

ン 7 5 は強いばね 7 9 の力に抗 して後退 して圧力上昇 を軽減する。 The rotation of the output shaft 11 based on the upward displacement of the output displacement member 64 is continued by the inertia of the flywheel 17 which prevents the pulsation of the coaxial 11, The pistons 42A and 42B at the bottom dead center shown in Fig. 3 continue to rise and move to the top dead center position in Fig. 7 to complete the cycle. Therefore, as described above, a large amount of fluid is sent into the ripened lower casing portion 20B, and is again heated and thermally expanded as a whole. Therefore, the output displacement member 64 rises again by receiving the same force, and rotates the output shaft 11. When the cooled fluid descends, it passes through the space 47, receives its own heat released from the steel ball 48, raises its temperature, and further flows through the fluid flow hole 35. J? Therefore, the recovery is performed in the space 47.] The efficiency of nuclear functions is improved. -In this way, the output 钿 11 is reciprocated by receiving the regenerative power from the gun. Their to, two heat ^ Seki E is driven to rotate the direction Ji output battle 1 1 I also the phase difference of the example 1 8 0 ^o. During this operation, if the casing Ρ3 output power rises abnormally, the fluid flow control cylinder 74

The pin 75 retracts against the force of the strong spring 79 to reduce the pressure rise.

 Although the heat engine of the present invention operates as described above, according to the present invention, the heat engine and the cold field have a relatively simple configuration to alternately act on the incompressible fluid. This is advantageous because it enables a compact configuration that is compact and spatially compact.

 According to the embodiment of the present invention, high heat economy can be achieved by the heat recovery section, and the upper and lower sides of the piston are made concave, so that It is possible to expose a lot of fluids. Industrial applicability

 The heat engine of the present invention can use water as a rejection source and any type of heat source such as fuel, solar heat, etc., and its operation is static. As a result, the driving bar for home power generation, the driving motor for a portable generator, the heat engine built into the hybrid engine of a car, and the maintenance-free machine using solar heat in remote areasど Can be used for any purpose.

Claims

1. A cylinder (41), a piston (42) provided in the cylinder at the sliding position, and a cylinder on one side of the cylinder. A casing that forms a space surrounding the outside of the cylinder so that the space and the other side of the cylinder can communicate with each other through the outside of the cylinder as well. 20) and a fluid that changes in volume due to temperature change and fills the inside of the cylinder and the space, and the piston (42)  Example  And the piston rod (52) guided outward through the casing (20) and slides along the piston rod. At one end inside the casing, which penetrates the casing, and at one end inside the casing, a force is applied to the outside of the casing by the thermal expansion of the fluid in the casing circle. An output displacement member (64) having a pressure receiving surface (63) for receiving the pressure; a means (26) for cooling a casing portion near one end of the cylinder; Means (80) for heating the casing near the other end of the cylinder, and the piston rod outside the casing. (52) and a crank core structure for connecting the end of the output displacement member (64) to the output shaft (11) with a phase difference. (16) The thermonuclear stake that has and. 2. Install the first (42) screws back-to-back.  And a second piston element (42A, 42B), and a heat insulating material (43 ΟΜΡΪ  w κνi irpo _, -,, 3. The heat engine according to claim 1, wherein the heat engine is interposed.  3. Insert the first and second piston elements (42A, 42B) into the side of the insulation (43) between them (44, 45). The heat engine according to claim 2.  4. The heat engine according to claim 1, wherein an output displacement member (64) is concentrically fitted on an outer periphery of the piston rod (52).  5. The heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for cooling the casing portion is constituted by a cooling fluid passage (26) provided along the casing wall. organ.  6. The heat engine according to claim 1, wherein the means for heating the casing part is constituted by a heater (80) for heating the casing outer wall.  7. Insulation material (24) is inserted between the casing (20A) cooled by the cooling means and the casing (20B) heated by the heating means. The heat engine according to any one of claims 1, 5, and 6, wherein the heat engine is mounted. 8. In the empty space surrounding the outside of the cylinder (41), along the longitudinal direction of the cylinder, close to the cylinder (20A) The first heat exchange part (32), heat recovery part (47), and the casing near the other end of the cylinder] (2nd heat exchange section between 20 BJ and fluid in casing) (35) WIPO The heat engine according to claim 1, wherein the heat engines are sequentially arranged.  9. The claim wherein the first and second heat exchange portions are formed by fluid flow holes (32, 35) integrally provided in the casing portion. The thermonucleus according to paragraph 8.  10. The heat engine according to claim 9, wherein a heat exchange fin (33, 36) is provided inside each of the fluid flow holes (32, 35).  1 1. The heat recovery section (47) is used to prevent the transfer of heat in the direction along the length of the cylinder, but to perform good heat exchange with the fluid. , 50). The mature engine of claim 8, wherein the engine comprises: OMPI WIPO