USRE2591E - Robbet - Google Patents

Description

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IMPROVEMENT 11i-TILES AND BEIcKs Een Eoormo Asn orEEE PURPOSES.

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Be it known that I, ROBERT O. LOWRY, of Tabor, in the county of Fremont, and lState of Iowa, have invented certain neu and nsefullmprovements in Composition for Roofing or Making Tiles andBrick for Roofing or Other Purposes; and I do hereby declare that the followingds a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, like letters indicating like parts wherever they occur.

lo enable others skilled in the art to construct and use my invention, I will proceed to describe it. In the drawings- I "Figure 1 is a top view of the roof with the un'glazed tiles secured upon it previous to covering them with cement'.

Figure iis a sectional viewvof the roof when finished.

Figure 3 is a sectional view of a portion of an uuglazed tile showing the eli'ect .of the cement upon it.

The nature of my invention consists in making water-proof covering for Toolingwr Slabs or tiles of uubnrntl or unglazed clay, which are securedfirmly down to the roofing boards in a suitable manner, and then covered with a cement which is composed. of marl or lclay and sand and c'oal tar mixed together insuchV proportions that it will readily penetrate the surface of the slabs and form, when dry, a solid, stony surface, which will not` be injuriously affected by heat or by exposure to the weather, as will be herinafter described.

The cement'eonsistso'f mari"or"'clayandsand and--coslf-terenixe'l, togcther, ,when .coltl...l1..1 11.9% llllglllta'ble proportions to form a plastic cement which can be spread upon surfaces with a-trowel. The use of raw tar is prcferred,`as it has been found that boiled tur liqueiies under the iniiuence of the sun, whereas the raw tar, when mixed with marl or clay and sand, becomes harder the longer it is exposed to the action of the sun. The cement maybe made thick or thin by varying the proportions of the aboveisubstances. This cementl I use to form the covering for a roof which is constructed as follows: A

In the accompanying drawings, a Aci represent thin slabs `or tiles of any.l suitable size, which aro arranged upon the rooting boards and cemented together at their edges. These .tiles are secured down in place by means of nails having thin washers applied to their heads, which nails are driven between the joints of the tiles into the roofing boards and clinched so as to hold the tiles firmly in place. The tiles a are .made by mixing clay and sand with water, and moulding thcsa'me after the manner of making bricks, after which they `are dried, but not burned. The object of usingunburned vand unglazed tilesis twofold: the cement which I have above described will be absorbed by uuburnedtiles, and it will also unite with the dried clay very readily, andform, in conjunction therewith, a hard, stony substance, whereas, if glazed or burned tiles were used, there` would be nocommingling of the cement with the clay, b it would lie upon the surfaces of the tiles without striking into their substance and hardening them. The `cgi;

' with u trowel, or, if .desirableit may be made so thin by an addition of vcoal tar as to be easily applied to the surfaces of the tiles with a brush. A. portion of the coal tar ofthe cement will be quickly absorbed by the tiles, and in tbe course of a vfew weeks, or even 'in less time, a hard crust will be formed, resembling stone, which will beimpervious to thc action of water. There is not only a stony crust formed on t'op of the slabs-a, but the cement will -strikve into 'them and render their upper surfaces very hard and stony, and, by firmly adhering to them, form anyr even, solid surface. If,- froml any cause, the upper crust should be broken or cracked off in someplaces, there will still be left a hard, stonysurface im'pervicnismto water. In the drawings, represents the nails which'nre used for securing the tiles upon the roofing boards. c c are the roofing boards, and 0l represents the covering of cement applied'to the surfaces ofthe tiles a. It will be seen by reference'to iig. 2 that the covering upon the roofing 'boards forms a solid surface, consisting iirst of tiles made of clay and sand, and secondof plastic cement made of marl or clay and sand and coal tar. Y This covering will, after some'length of time, turn lto stone, or to n substance resembling stone in hardness and durability, which will not be injured by heat or cold, and which will bc perfectly water-proof. By employing a. foundation of dry, porous tiles of unglazed clay und sand, the cement will be quickly absorbed, and consequently my roofing is applicable .to very steep roofs, as well as to those havingonly a slight inclination, as the cement will not run an'd leaveplaces uncovered-and unprotected. Another advantage of my improved roofing is, that the swelling and shrinking of the roofing ent which I have above described is now spread evenly upon the tiles `min 42 -boards will not'be liable to crack and causeI it lo leuk. It-is easily and cneuply applied,lsnd is perfectly 'as described. 1 Y

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Having thus described my invention, l"vlxeizfl olsim as new, und desilje to secure by Letters Patent, isf- 1. A plastic cement composed of marllor clay and sand andoosl tay mixed'together in suitable proportions, substantially as described.

'2. A. roof composed of unglszed 'and unburned slabs or tiles, vrhicll are'securecl irmly ilon'n npcn che, roofing boards and then'covered with s cement consisting f marl-or clay andsnnd and coal tar, snbsfantiallj.

l '.ROBT. 0..; LOWREY.' Witnesses:

W-v C. DODGE, o WM. L. Lownmr.

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