USRE19833E - Combustion chamber heating device - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

E C S 9 1 M nw A LEg A HR d SM l Mw l a n E. r MO 0 C Il//l////////////////////////////////z Jan. 2-1, 1936.-

WI// /l/ Jan. 21, 1936.

Original Filed Aug. 26, 1932 2 She'ets-Sheet 2 V BY W 'ATTORNEYL M. s. I HALL Re; 19,833'

I COMBUSTION CHAMBER HEATING DEVICE Reissued Jan. 21, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COMBUSTION CHAMBER HEATING DEVICE Mora S. Hall, Baltimore, Md., assignoto May Oil Burner Corporation, a. corporation of Maryland 11 Claims.

This invention relates to heating devices and has particular application to the type of boilers designed for house heating which usually operate under low pressure.

Among the objects oi this invention is the provision of a quick-heating boiler, of the low pressure type, for household use which is adapted tor operation with fluid fuel and which will function-with greater fuel economy than the devices --heretofore employed.

A further object of this invention is the provision of a boiler such as is heretofore described wherein the fire pot has a coating of plastie refractory material, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the fiame of the burner and sufiiciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid to be heated within the boiler.

More specifically, it is an object of this invention to provide a quick-heating water Compartment comprising side. rear and bottom hollow wall sections. This quick-heating water compartment, which has the plastic refractory coating material and is independent of but connected for circulation with the boiler, forms the larger part ofthe walls oi the fire pot.

A still further object of this invention consists in providing means whereby a boiler designed for operation with solid fuel may be readily converted into a boiler using fluid i'ucl, and which by my invention has its heating surface increased.

The advantages of liquid fuel over coal, particularly in domestic heating, are generally conceded and understood. With my new quickheating water compartment a considerable saving of the heating value of the fuel heretofore lost is achieved and this results in a greater fuel economy or arr increased capacity of the heater or both." My new quick-heating water compartment may'also be advantageously employed with continuously burning and other liquid or gaseous fuel bumers and especially with automatically controlled, intermittently operated burners, that is, with bumers in which the fiame burns intermittently under control of automatic regulating devices which cause it to burn and to cease burning as called for by such control devices. With my new'construction there is efiected a reduction of radiation losses through the walls as well as the *heat losses to the ground beneath incident to other types of combustion chambers or fire pots.

In furnaces in which the base portion is not supplied with water backing in which liqu'd or gaseous fuel is used and where refractory com- 'bustionchambers are advantageous, it reduces the amount of refractory necessary, thus reducing the heat loss due to the thermal Capacity of such material. W'here an intermittent type oil burner has been installed in a boiler provided with my new quick-heating water compart ment, the ash pit of the boiler is now transformed into fire pot which is lined with refractory reach- 'ing to about the former level of the grate, which now has been removed. The losses due to heat absorbed by the thick refractory linings hertofore employed and dissipated during the shut down period, due to the heat passing out of the fieater into the chimney, are minimized by the use of a thin lining of refractory material as embodied in my invention. Also, heretofore, frequently oil dripping by leakage into the refractory lined combustion chamber or entering therein by other means has been the cause of serious explosions in heaters by reason of the high temperature of the refractcry lining at shut down or upon the starting up of the bumer, when the automatic devices have caused the bumer to operate and the oil vapors previously formed in the hot combustion chamber and mixed with air to ignite and explode, causing great damage. In my invention the thickness of the refractory wall in the ash pit section is greatly reduced. The thin refractory material heats up more quickly and also cools more quickly. The quick cooling of the refractory material prevents explosions described above in the case of residual oil or oil accidentally or irregularly entering the combustion chamber thus greatly reducing the fire hazard and the danger from explosions or so called pufis of igniting residual gases.

The heat absorbing surfaces in contact with the refractory lining add to the heating capacity and are a source of economy and by reason of the I thinness of the refractory wall cause more prompt heat transfer to the heating medium within the quick-heating water compartment. The quick passage of heat into the heating medium circulating through the hollow wall sections of my invention materially shortens the time required to develop full load conditions in the heating system. The heavy refractory lining, usually built into the ash pit space in such heaters, is replaced by the hollow wall sections of my invention, which line more or less completely the ash pit space or lowest portion of the heater, these hollow wall sections being preferably coated as hereinbefore stated with a comparatively thin layer of refractory. Heat from the flame and the hot gases is absorbed by this refractory which is cemented rmly to the hollow wall 'sections thru which the heating medium circulates and by which it is absorbed, the heater water passing on into the heater boiler proper.

The hollow wall sections of my invention may be connected with the return line or directly into the boiler at low and high points providing circulation or the connections of the said sections may be entirely independent of the main heating system. I am aware that boilers have been designed with integral water legs and that cook stoves and ranges have been equipped with water back devices for hot water supply and for heating purposes. Also, that water walls have been used in large boilers to keep reractory linings from melting. I am further aware that hot air heating furnaces have been equipped with various devices tor heating a water supply and for heating purposes. My invention, however, has i'or its obiects, in the case oi' hot water or steam heating boilers, to increase the heating capacity of the heater, to provide a quick heating device, shortening the period required to attain to full load conditions, and to eliminate the hazard of explosions or so called gas puffs in the combustion chambers oi fluid burning heaters, while at the same time to maintain during the Operating period ot the burner, a sui'iiciently high temperature to assure adequate combustion of the fuel.

The accompanying drawings show my invention in its preierred iorm and its application to a boiler such as is frequently met with in household heating plants and in which an oil burner of the pressure atomizing type is installed. However I do not limit myself to its use in such boilers or with such burners, because it may be applied to any of the types or styles of boilers or heaters in common use, in connection with gaseous or with liquid fuei burners and may also be applied to hot water heating plants or to heaters for industrial use under like conditions.

In the drawingsz- Fig. I is a perspective view of a cast iron hollow side wall section.

Fig. II is a perspective view of a hollow bottom wall section, a portion being broken away to show its construction.

Fig. III is a perspective view of a hollow rear wall section.

Fig. IV is a fragmental view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of the joint by which the hollow wall sections are connected, and illustrating the use of a right and left hand nipple.

Fig. V is a side elevation of a boiler showing the relation of the hollow wall sections to the heater and to the windpipe of an oil burner, part of the device being broken away to illustrate the construction. i

Fig. VI is a fragmental vertical section taken along line 6-6 of Fig. V.

Fig. VII is a fragmental view, partly in section, of a hot air f urnace showing the disposition of the hollow wall sections with respect to the heater and to the windpipe of an oil burner.

The side wall section l of the quick-heating water compartment is cast hollow with thin walls and provided with the openings 2, thereby i'orming the columns 3 which will contain water when the apparatus is filled. A boss 4 at one comer of the wall section is internaliy threaded to receive an outlet pipe 5 (shown in Fig. V). The water inlet connection may be made through the internaliy threaded opening |8, but is preferably made through the bottom wall section at the bosses ll shown in Fig. II. The hollow section is provided with other bosses 6 which are internally threaded and permit ready connection with other hollow sections of the quick-heating water compartment by means of the right and left hand nipples 1. The location of the bosses on this hollow wall section as well as those on the other hollow wall sections may be varied to meet the particular requirements of the installations and connections. Any threaded openings not serving for connecting one hollow wall section with the other may be sealed with suitable pipe plugs.

The bottom wall section 9 of the quick-heating water compartment, illustrated in Fig. II is provided with the two internaliy threaded bosses ll! which permit connection with the hollow side wall sections. The inlet opening ll is for direct connecting of the water inlet to this bottom hollow section. Any or all of these inlets may be used. The construction of this bottom wall section is similar to that of the side wall section, and has thin walls |1 and openings as shown. The boss 8 is suitably threaded for a right and left hand nipple to connect the bottom wall section with the rear section I2 shown in Fig. HI. The nipple 'i fits into the threaded hole in the boss l3 in the cutaway portion of the rear wall section |2 of the quick-heating water compartment. The details of construction of the rear section !2 are similar to those shown for the other hollow wall sections. Connections to the side sections are preferably made by means of the threaded bosses M, in which the right and left hand nipples 1 are screwed, the chambers'- being cut away at I5 to facilitate connection. In this manner the sections are joined in series to form a part of a fluid circulation system through a water lined fire po t Construction. The return or outlet 5, shown in Fig. V, extends from both side wall members to the return inlet 22.

The faces of the side, rear and bottom hollow wall sections that are to be exposed to the fire are coated with a layer of plastic refractory material 2| of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the bumer and sufiiciently thin to properly transfer heat therethrough to the heating medium in the water lining.

The manner of connecting the hollow wall sections of the quick-heating water compartment and the disposition of the cutaway portions oi' these sections which facilitate their connection to each other, may be varied to meet the requirements of the installation. If desired, the right and left hand nipples may be replaced by tapered push nipples, the corresponding bosses being suitably taper-bored.

When my invention is to be applied to a boiler Originally designed tor solid fuel burning, the hollow wall sections of the quick-heating water compartment are assembled within the part IS formerly serving as the ashpit of the boiler, and form the fire 'pot as shown in Figs. V and VI. The boiler may now be used as an oil i'uel burner, wherein the portion l9 serves as the wind pipe of the oil burner (not shown inthe drawings) When my invention is applied to a hot water heating boiler, as illustrated in Fig. V, the hollow wall sections serve as an auxiliary quickheating water compartment which co -operates with the main water compartment, the water inlet to the quick-heating water compartment being through the pipe 20 and the heated water from this auxiliary quick-heating water compartment passes into the main water compartment. If my invention is applied to a hot air heater, as shown in Fig. VII, which has been converted from a; solid `fuel burner' to 'a fluid fuel burner, the 'hollow wall sections are positioned in the part n formerly constituting the ashpit portion of the m'sflui'd fuel burner and provided with one of my maline'and the outlet to a hot water supply storage new quick heating water compartments or converted'from aheater Originally made for solid ruelburning as shown in Fig. VII, the inlet pipe 24 may be connected directly with a watersupply Also, th'e inlet 24 may, if desired, be connected'with an auxiliary hot water heating system return and 'the outlet 25 to the water heating system, the 'water-system under these conditions serving as an auxiliary to the hot air system.

Heat'from the combustion ofthe fuel is absorb'ed bythe refractory material and conducted to the water' in the hollow wall sections. These sectionsare fllled with water which absorbs the nheat'and a rapid circulation is started. By this means; the heat absorbed'by the refractory is used in heatingthe return water` and increases the economy ofoperation. With a construction asshown in' F'lg. V, the rapid circulation of water through the quick-heating water compartment andthence'into the main water compartment materially shortens the time required to bring the boiler up to full load conditions.

If zdesired, two or 'more of the side, rear and bottom hollow wall sections of the quick-heating water compartment may be made integral with each other, wherever the installation will permit,` thus dispensing with the connections between thesehollow wall sections. The openings 2 "in theside wall sections and 'the correspondingwpenings in the-other wall sections aflord betterbonding of the plastic refractory material to the hollow wall sections By using mynew construction, greater heating fl suace is provided, which heating surface area even more than proportionately eflective and isaccompanied by an increase in the capacity and *eficiency otthe boiler; This admits of effecting a substantial increase in the capacity and gloadtof existing boilers by merely installing my new device therein.

It-.hJasbeen found that proper combustion is maintained only when the temperature of the flame of the oil burner is kept suificiently high to insure complete combustion. In employing thick refracto'ry lining, a considerable mass oi refractory material must be heated and maintained at the high temperature, thus not only entailing an initial diversion of much heat, but the maintenance of this large mass of refractory material at the high temperature causes objectionable heat losses due to dissipation of heat and particularly is this the case in the intermittent type of flring where the heat taken up by the refractory material passes away without ren-` dering useful service during the ofl period. Furthermore, refractory material of such thickness interferes with and delays too gr'eatly the transfer of heat to the water in the jacket, thereby rendering the apparatus inapt as a quick or rapid heater.

My invention is of particular value with the type of oil burners producing a luminous flame and where it is desirable that all of the combustion takes place before the products of combustion leave the chamber surrounded by the water jacket. otherwise, proper eflicient heating will not take place and, more seriously, the combustion itself will be unsatisfactory, incomplete and uneconomical. By the use of my quick-heating water compartment lined with refractory material of proper thickness, as specified herein, the desirable effects are produced. My invention is a construction wherein there results simultaneously quick heating, considerable reduction in normal heat losses, and complete combustion of fuel with a luminous flame with practically complete elimination of products of incomplete combustion that form accumulations of deposits of soot and tarry material.

I claim:

1. In a'house heating device, a fire pot; a fluid fuel burner; a fluid heating compartment; a

chambe-r in communication with said fire pot for` directing hot gases of combustion against said compartment, a water lining for said fire pot, comprising a floor section and a separate wall section extending upwardly from said floor sec-- tion, said floor section and said wall section being-connected together for fluid circulation and to a fluid chamberand a coating of refractory' material applied to said floor and wall sections, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat from and to radiate heat back to, the

flame of the burner and sufliciently thin totransr fer heat therethrough to the fluid in said floor and wall sections.

2. In a house heating boiler, a water compartment, a fire pot, a fluid fuel burner in said' and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the wall sections.

3. In a house heating device, a boiler, a water compartment, a fire pot, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining for said fire pot comprising a vertical wall section and a separate bottom wall section, said wall sections and said water compartment being connected together for fluid circulation, and a coating o-f plastic refractory material applied to said wall sections, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the wall sections.

4. In alow pressure boiler, a water compartment, a fire pot, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining for said fire pot comprising a floor section and a separate wall section extending upwardly from said floor section, said water Compartment, floor section and wall section being connected together for fluid circulation, and a coating of plastic refractory material flxed to said floor section and wall section, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the floor section and wall section.

5. In a low pressure boiler, a water Compartment, a fire pot, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining fo-r said fire pot comprising a floor section and wall sections separate from and extending upwardly from said floor section, said water compartment, floor section and wall sections being connected together for fluid circulation, and an adherent coating of plastic refractory material applied to said floor section and wall sections, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufficiently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the floor section and wall sections.

6. In a low pressure boiler, a water Compartment, a chamber for directing combustion gases against said water compartment, a fire pot in communication with said chamber, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining for said fire pot comprising a floor section and a separate wau section extending upwardly from said floor section, said water compartment, floor section and wall section being connected together for fluid circulation, and -an adherent coating of molded plastic refractory material applied to said floor section and wall section, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the floor section and wall section.

7. In a low pressure boiler, a water compartment, a chamber for directing combustion gases against said water compartment, a flre pot in communication with said chamber, a fluid fuel burner in said fire pot, a water iining for said fire pot comprising a floor section and a separate wall section extendng upwardiy from said floor section, said water compartment, floor section and wall section being connected together for fluid circulation, and a coating of plastic material bound to said floor section and wall section, said coating being refractory, of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the floor section and wall section.

8. In a house heating device, a fire pot, a, fluid i'uel burner, a water lining for said fire pot comprising a vertical wall section and a separate bottom wall section, said wall sections being connected together for fluid circulation therethrough, a coating of plastic refractory material applied to said wall sections, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the said wall sections and an outlet and an inlet to said water lining adapted for connection with a. hot water heating system in circulation relation.

9. In a house heating device, a fire pot, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining for said fire pot comprising a vertical wall section and a separate bottom wall section, said wall sections being connected together for fluid circulation therethrough, a coating of plastic refractory material applied to said wall sections, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb` heat and to radiate heat back to the flame oi' the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the said wall sections, an inlet to said water lining adapted for connection with a source of water supply and an outlet adapted for connection to a. hot water supply system.

10. In a house heating device, a flre pot; a fluid fuel burner; an air heating compartment: a chamber in communication with said flre pot, for directing hot gases of combusticn against said compartment; a water lining for said fire pot comprising a floor section and a separate wall section extending upwardiy from said floor section, said floor section and said wall section being connected together for fluid circulation, said water lining provided with an iniet and an outlet adapted for connection to an auxiliary hot water building heating system, and a coating of refrac tory material applied to said floor and wall sections, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat from, and to radiate heat back to. the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the said floor and wall sections.

11. In a house heating device, a fire pot; a fluid fuel burner; an air heating compartment; a chamber in communication with said fire pot, for directing hot gases oi' combustion against said compartment; a water lining for said fire pot; comprising a floor section and a separate wall section extending upwardiy from said floor section, said floor section and said wall section being connected together for fluid circulation, said water lining provided with an inlet adapted for connection with a source of water supply and an outlet adapted for connection to a. hot water supply system, and a. coating of refractory material applied to said floor and wall sections, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat from, and to radiate heat back to, the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the said floor and wall sections.

MORA S. HALL.

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