USRE14274E - Carriages and for similar purposes - Google Patents

Description

' Ina/enrol (2% MM I I A. H. DARKER. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION FOR LIGHTING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES. APPLICATION FILED IAN 5 Islfi FIG I- ull I Bei ssued Mar. 20, 1917.

Witness A. H. BARKER. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION FOR LIGHTING, HEATING, AND VE NTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 5. 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2;

Reissued Mar. 20, 1917.

IIG; a.

A. H. DARKER.

LIGHTING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES- AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES. APPLIQATION FILED .mus. ms.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION FOR Reissued Mar. 20, 1917. 14,274.

4 SHEETSSHEET'3.

33 II ,1: 7 a? 2 i C I JO 3 -13 :25 as t x 25 ab 2 I I p =3. 5 s i} H l J Witness. V Inventor. J i I I I flito neg-s.

A. H. DARKER. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION FORLIGHTING, HEATING, AND'VENTILATING RAILWAY' CAIIRIAGES AND I 'OR SIMILAR PURPOSES. I

APPLICATION FILED IAN- 5. I916- FIG.6

Reissued Mar. 20, 1917.

x .L w I "Vern-o, I

UN ED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED HENRY DARKER, OE BLACKHEATH, EiIGLAND, ASSIGNOR 'IO J. STONE &

, COMPANY, LTD., 0]? LONDON, ENGLAND. i

ELECTRICAL INsrrALLA'rIoN ron LIGHTING, HE T NG, AND vEN'rILA'rI G RAILWAY.

c nnIAGEs'ANn FOR SIMILAR runrosns. I

ori inalno. 1,131,914, dated This invention comprises improvements in and relating to electrical installations for lighting, heating and ventilating railway carriages and for similar purposes and more particularly concerns those installations or systems wherein a dynamo driven from the' axle of a vehicle is fitted with a rocking reversing switch which moves to one position or the other, according to the direction of rotation of the dynamo spindle, for the purpose of maintaining constant polarity at the terminals of the dynamo. In such systems it is usual to employ either a governor which closes the main switch when the armature has attained a sufiicient speed, oran electro-magnet or solenoid which closes the main switch when the speed is sufficient for producing a predetermined terminal voltage.

It is preferred to employ a shunt wound dynamo fitted with a demagnetizing series winding which can be connected in a circuit.

or cut out, or short-circuited, at will; When the series winding is not active, the dynamo runs as an ordinary shunt-wound machine and the slipping of the driving belt is relied upon for giving a certain amount of regulation of the output. By connecting the series demagnetizing winding in circuit and by shifting the brushes so as to give them a certain lead the dynamo is self-regulating and may be driven by a tight belt or by a positive gearing, for, not only does the series winding have an increasing demagnetizing eflect as the speed increases, but certain of the armature windings, owing to the lead which has been given to the brushes, assist the series winding in reducing the strength of'the field produced by the shunt winding. For closing the main circuit when the armature reaches a certain speed and a certain termlnal voltage is produced, an electro-magnet or solenoid may be employed Specification of Reissued Letters Iatent. Reissued Mar, 20, 1917.

March 1c, 1915, Serial No. 729,581, filed November 5, 1912. Application f6? reissue filed January 5, 1916. Serial No. 70,543.

I which is compound wound with a shunt and series winding. Thus when the shunt winding is sufliclently energized it closes the main switch, whereupon the circuit is closed through the series Winding and the latter assists the shunt winding in holding the main switch tightly closed. Upon the armature speed falling, the'switch arm may be pulled off against the attraction of the weakened compound wound magnet or solenold bv aspring, or by a. weight carried by the switch lever.

Now in practice, if the main switch be closed while the dynamo is stationary or while the dynamo is being driven at a speed lower than the speed at which-the main switch should be closed, much damage be done to the dynamo, for current from batteries will flow through dynamo 1n"f the direction for running the dynamo as a motor, but inasmuch as the dynamo i's re vented from-so running by its drivingbelt or gear, it becomes overheated and the cells of the battery suffer owing to the excessive rate of discharge. Such ill-timed closing of the main switch may be due to a person meddling therewith, or it may be due to a blow or concussion, or it may be due to I a defect, or to sticking of the armature or core of'the switch.

In order to obviate the danger indicated above, the rocking reversing switch is. so constructed and arranged that its initial movement in one direction or the other, un-

der the influence of the frictional engagement of the brushes with the commutator, efiects only the closingof the circuit of the shunt field Winding and a further movement Thewvinding of this magnet is preferably in the circuit of the shunt field winding.

- These improvements also comprise arrangements for permitting of the maintenance of residual magnetism of the. field magnets of a dynamo fitted as aforesaid, as well as arrangements for -preventing over has to be given to the rocking switch in orchargin ofthe battery or batteries in the eiterna circuit Furthermore, advantage'ous arrangements for. changing over the batteries, when two'or ,morebatteries are employed and for controlling the opening and closing of the main or-working circuit are also tion. g

In order to enable the invention .to be provided "according to' this invenreadily understood, reference is made to they accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 1s an elevation ofthe improved rocking switch arrangement as seen from the end of the armature spindle.

Fig.

2 isa plan of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the arrangement shown in Fig. '1

but as seen from the opposite end of the spindle, the arrangement being shown re moved from the spindle. F'g. 4 is a detail view of the rocking switch parts. Fig. 5 is "a diagram showing the application of a dy- -namo fitted with the improved rocking switch to a single battery system suitable for a lighting, heating or ventilating ,in-'

stallation ona railway vehicle. Fig. 6'is a diagram explanatory of a modified arrangement in a double battery system. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the rocking switch.

' In the arrangement illustrated by Figs. 1 to 4 a. is a ring for carrying the dynamo brushes 6 which ring is revolubly mounted ing or mounting comprising a ring frame e upon an end framing, or bearing, or upon the armature spindle. This ring a carries two projecting pieces of iron 0 situated a short distance apart which act as armatures for an electro-mag'net Z fixed upon the bearadapted to be fixed to the dynamo and having an axially directed bracket or extension f Fig. 1, terminating in a vertical support 9. This support carries the bearing 9' of the armature spindle upon which bearing a ball race is formed for receiving a circular series of balls upon which the ring a rocks as seen in F igl 2. The ring a further supports at diametrically opposite points, axially directed projections or bars it 7' on the ends of which are -mounted respective brushes 6. These barsare suitably fixed in recesses in the ring a and insulated therefrom and the brush holders k are carried upon the ends of these bars, spring pressed levers Z being provided for pressing the brushes binto' contact with the commutator b, Fig. 2, in the known manner. On one side of the diameter which passes through the projections or bars h 9' aforesaid, there is fixed a pair of switch blades or-contact brushes m which are so arranged that each 'member of the pair lies in the path of a respective projection or bar 71, or 7'. This pair of contacts or blades m is connected with the negative main n, Fig. 5, and with one terminal 0 of the shuntwindingp by the connection 9. On the other side of'the said diameter there are two pairs of blades or contacts rs similarly fitted. Each member of the pairris, however, arranged to project farther toward its respective projection or bar it or j,'as seen to the right hand 10f Fig. 1 and to the left hand of Fig. 4, than members of the pair 8 and, as seen in Fig. 5, the brushes '1- are connected by the wire 25 with the other terminal of the sh nt field winding p. Members of the pair 8 are connected with the positive main u of the system by-the connections '0 and w. I

It will be apparent that when the armature rotates in one direction or the other, the engagement of the brushes 6 with the commutator will cause the rocker a to turn through a small angle until the projections or bars h and jwhich are in electrical con nection with the respectivebrushes b, are arrested, one by a member of the pair m connected with the negative main n and. one terminal of the shunt field. winding p, and the -;other by a member of the pair 7- connected with the other. terminal of the shunt field winding 22 is thus at once-closed but the main circuit or positive connection 11 w it between the dynamo and the cellswremains open as the friction between the brushes; b

and the commutator does not produce suificient turning movement for overcoming the resistance which the spring contact brushes or blades m and 1" offer to further movement of the rocker a so that the bar it, or the bar 9', as the case may be, will still not touch the brush 8. The turning of the rocker a, however, brings one of the iron armatures 0 close to the suitably shaped pole or poles y of the electro-magnet d whose windings 2 are preferably in the circuit of the shunt field winding p as seen in Fig. 5. As the speed of the armature increases, the dynamo field builds up in the ordinary way due to increase of current in the shunt winding p and the electromagnet (1 increases in" power until the speed is reached at which sufficient voltage is generated to allow of safely closing the main switch. Atthis point the magnet d pulls on thearmaturegc whichhas approached the pole .y as above described and turns the ring a a little farther against the resistance oflered by the spring contact *brushes or blades m and 1-1 which areengaged by, the projections or bars; k 21i as aforesaid. These contacts or blades'i m and 1- are thusdepressedor flexed, thereby per mitting one or other-of the projections or bars it or j to, make contact with amember of the remaining pail-of contactsor blades 8 and to connect the positivebtush oifi'th e f dynamo with the positive main, the current flowing from the positivebrush oriithe left of Figs. 1 and 2, through the holderk and the bar it through the brush 8 on the left 90 field winding p. j The circuit of the shunt i hand and thence through the wires '0, 'w and a, Fig. 5. In the latter figure and in Fig. 2, the rocker is seen, for, convenience, in a mid position but in actual working conditions it is hardly likelythat the rocker would ever take up such a position unless springs.

were appliedthereto for the purpose.

long as the speed remains high enough, the magnet 11 will maintain the .partsfin this condition, but when the speed diminishes minish, until a certain speed is reached at which the magnet d will not be. sufliciently energized to hold on the armature 0 against the effort of the spring brushes m, 1', s and the latter pressing-upon the bars 72. and j will slightly turn the rocker, thereby shifting the bar h or 7' as the case may be out of contact with the brush 8. Fig. 1 it will. be seen that upon diminution of speed, the bar hl would be shifted in this manner out of contact with that brush 8 which is on the left hand. When this occurs the main circuit is broken and the circuit of the field winding, if it be in shunt will gradually die away until the armature spindle ceases to rotate. 7 If the spindle be then driven in the opposite direction, the

'rocker will turn through a small angle and first bring the bar j, Fig. 1, against the brush 1' on the right hand and the bark' against the brush m on the left hand. Thus, seeing that the commutator brush b corresponding with the bar 7', has changed from negative to positive, the brush 1" will still remain positive and as the commutator brush 6 corresponding with the bar h has changed from positive to negative, the brush m will still remain negative. Therefore the winding 2. and shunt field winding will still be electrified in the same direction as before and the magnet (1 will act in the same manner as above described, only 'for this direction of.

rotation the armature c on thefight hand is brought near to the magnet pole y by the first movement of the rocker and is attracted by the magnet d for the purpose of completing the main circuit as above described.

. It is preferable in some cases however, to

provide a second automatic main circuit closer suitably in the shape of an electromagnetic main switch the lever armature 1 Fig. 5 of which is primarily attracted by a shunt winding 2 connected. across the mains,

"one terminal of the winding 2 being connected with the switch part 3 to which the positive main to is connected and the other terminal being connected by the connection 4 and wires 5 and 6 with the negative main n. The armature lever 1 carries a. switch brush 50 which makes contact with'the part 3 and closes the main circuit when the winding 2 is suificiently energized. A series winding 7, wound in, the same direction as the winding 2, is connected at one end to the Referring to brush 50 and at the other end to a terminal 8 from which the positive main u proceeds to the junction between the positive wire 9 of the battery anclthe positive wire 10 leadf ng the positive main u, current flows trough the connection 3, shunt winding 2, connection 4 and wires 5 and 6 to the negai tive main n, and when suflicient electro-motive force is generated by the dynamo this shunt winding 2'pulls on .the 'armature 1, or sucks in a core if a solenoid is used, and

causes the brush 50 to contact. with. the ter- 5 minal 3, thereby closing the main circuit to the battery w and lighting switch-the flow of current through the series Winding 7 causing the magnet to be more strongly energized and to hold on the armature 1 with great firmness.

If desired, the electro-magnet for operating the rocker may be polarized.

The main switch magnet or solenoidcomprising the windings 2 and 7 is advantageously inclosed in a casing the lid of which may be fittedwith a contact for completing the circuit of this magnet only when the lid is inposition, so that the removal of the lid puts the magnet out of action.

To provide for possible loss of the residual field of the dynamo an additional contact 12' may be arranged upon the main lighting switch and this contact may be connected by a wire 13, seen in Fig. 5, with the shunt field winding p by way of the wire t, so that, as shown,- the wire 13 is connected at 'a'point between the field winding 2 and the winding 2 of the rocking switch magnet cl which is conveniently included in the circuit of the shunt field winding p as aforesaid. This contact 12 is so arranged as to be engaged by the lighting switch bar or blade, not shown, when the latter is turned tothe vertical position in Fig. 5 for putting the lamps or other consuming devices 14 in circuit, whereupon current from the battery 1 passes by wayof wires 9 and 10 and con tact 11 not only to the lamps but also by way of contact 12. andwires 13 and't to the shunt field winding 2, through resistance 25 to terminal o,.resistance 28, wire g, negative tion 13 which lamp not only acts as a resistance but also as an indicator. The initial field may be insured however inother ways andv an advantageous method is that indicated in Fig. 5,'according to which. a high resistance 16, such as that provided for example by a voltmeter coil, is connected across the terminals of the main switch.

Thus when the latter is open a very small current can pass from the battery :0, through second high resistance 17 is connected between the brushes 8 and 1- so that the current from the battery can continue from the brush .3 through resistance 17, brush 1*, winding 2, wire t and shunt windings 1 back to the negative main. Of course when the dynamo generates a voltage the latter will oppose the electromotive force of the cells and the small current from the battery will disappear as the speed rises.

There may be as stated series turns 18 on the field magnets which, atone end may be connected with the junction between the. wires '0 and w and at the opposite end may .be connected by wire 19 with a terminal 20 arranged near a suitable terminal 21 of the wire w. When the'plug 22 is inserted, as shown, between the terminals 20 and 21, the series turns 18 are short circuited and have no effect but when the plug 22 is removed the working current flows from the brush 8 to the positive main 'u, by wayof wire 0, seriesturns 18, Wire 19, and terminal 20, in-

21 and plug 22 as before.

\Vhcn the demagnetizing, series turns 18 are efl'ective sothat the dynamo becomes self regulating and maintains a constant voltage or output at various-speeds as her'einbefore referred to, the brushes '6 and bars h and may be allowed a greateramplitude of 0s cillation by removing from the ends ofthe bars h j the liners h and j, Figs. 1 to 4, which are securedby the studs k 1' I ndeed any desired amplitude of swing or oscillation of the brush rocker may be secured by liners of different thicknesses so that the different conditions may be accurately provided for. t

The shunt windings 39 may be connected to the pair of negative brushes m through a variable resistance as shown in Fig. *5. In this suitable arrangement one terminal of the windings p'is' connected by a wire 23 with a terminal 24, as-through a resistance 25 with the terminal 0. When the plug 26. is inserted between the terminals 0 and 24, the resistance 25 .is short circuited and when the plug 26 is removed, as shown, the resistance 25 is effectively in circuit with the shunt windings 10' and consequently the dynamo will require a higher speed in order to generate the critical voltage than is the case steadof by Way of wires 12 and 'w, terminal when th plug 26 is inserted and the resist-' is the arrangement illustrated. in Fig. 5,

be the 011' position.

28, and the latter may be normally short circuited as hereinafter described.

In order to protect the battery against overcharging, an electro-magnetic' switch may be provided, having its winding 29 connected across theterminals of the battery :12. This switch may be thus connected, only when the lighting switch is turned off which wherein one terminal of the winding 29 is connected by wire 30, connection 31 and wire 32 to a contact on the lighting switch, a diametrically opposite contact '34 on. the lighting switch being connected by wire 35 with the positive main u. The opposite terminal of the winding 29 is connected to the negative main n by wire 36, connection 37 and Wire 6. When the voltage rises unduly, which is an indication of the completeness of the charge, the magnet winding29 becomes sufficiently energized for pulling on minals 0 and 40 by a wire 41 and by connecting the brush 39 with the connection 37 by the flexible wire 42. Normally, therefore, 190 i when the brush 39 rests on the contact 40,

the resistance 28 is 'shprt circuited by the 7 Wire 41, connection 40, brush 39, flexible wire 42, connection 37 wire 6, and negative. main n whichis connectedto the negative pair of switch brushes m. As soon as the voltage is suiiiciently raised, due to the completion of the charging of the battery, and the armature 38 and brush 39 are lifted as'afo'resaid, this short circuit connection is broken and the resistance 28 becomes effective in the. circuit of the shunt winding 1) and reduces the strength of the field to the desired extent. It will be readily understood that this over-' charge-preventing magnet operates only when the lamps 14 or other consuming devices are not in use, that is to say, when the switch bar connects across from the contact 33 to the contact 34 in what would otherwise The system may be of the single battery type as shown in Fig.- 5, or of the double battery type as shown in Fig. 6, and in the latter case a suitable mechanical or electromagnetic device is provided for changing over the batteries stand as in known manner,

either each time that the direction of'rotation of the armature is changed, or each time that the dynamo is connected up to the batteries w as or disconnected therefrom. In

place of such a change-over switch, the pair of blades .9 hereinbefore described, which stand off from their contacts on the rocker until a sufiicient voltage has been generated,

may be employed to accomplish the change-' over each time that the direction of running is' reversed. To this end the blade members a, s, of this pair, insteadbf being directly connected together or made in one, are separated as by insulation 61, Fig. 6, and are connected through. a lamp resistance 62. One batterya is connected with one blade member s and the second battery m with the other blade member s as shown. In this way it is arranged thatwhen the dynamo runs in one direction, one battery, for example the battery as, Fig. 6, is charged directly by the dynamo, whereas the other battery m Fig. 6, may only receive current oc- 'casioually through the resistance 62 by way of brush 8, wire 9, resistance 62, and wire 9; "When the dynamo runs in the other direction the connections of the batteries are interchanged with the .well known result. Inorderthat the current from the dynamo to the lamps 14 must always pass through the lamp resistance 62, a fixed pair of brushes 8 is arranged in relation to the brushes 8 s and is connected with the lamp switch 141 as shown. Consequently when the bar j is pressed against the brush 3, as

shown, so as to flex the latter, the corresponding brush 8 has its contact with the brush 8 broken so that current can only pass to the lamps 14 'from the bar 3' byway of brush 8, wire 9, resistance 62, wire 9*, brush 8', brush 8 wire 140 and switch .141. The path of the current, when the bar h flexes the brush 8 will-be readily understood.

In some cases the electromagnetically operated main switch may be dispensed with and the electromagnet d, which operates the rocker in the manner aforesaid, may be relied upon to close the main circuit through the brush .9 when the speed, and therefore the voltage, is sufficient to permit of the dynamo being connected up to the main working circuit with safety. With this arrangement the rocker is operated by the magnet d to bring the bars h or 7' into contact with one or other of the brushes 8 at the proper Voltage and the circuit is held closed so long as current is delivered by the armature. As the speed is reduced, the voltage at the dynamo terminals is correspondingly decreased until it falls to the voltage of the accumulator; at this moment the armature ceases to have an output and if the magnet d does not readily deenergize or, if the magnet armature sticks, a current may flow back from the batteries to the dynamo which will at once allow or cause the armature c to fly off and the rocker to return to the, osition in which the connection of the dynamo with the working and battery circuits is broken.

In the modification of the last named arrangement, the magnet d has some series turns wound upon it, so that, as shown in Fig. 7 the working current proceeding from either of the brushes 8 first passes around the series turns before flowing to the working circuits. Moreover a third pair of brushes 63 is provided and so arranged that one or other of its members is engaged by the bar or the bar 7', as the case may be, after the brushes 7' s have been successively engaged thereby. This double brush 63 is connected by wire 64 with a point in the shunt winding 2 of the magnet d. The ac- 'tion therefore, is as" follows: Upon the armature revolving in one direction or the other the rocker moves in a similar direction and'brings the bar h, or the bar j, first against one of the brushes 1" thereby completing the circuit of the shunt winding 19 and magnet winding a. As the speed increases the magnet (Z becomes more powerful and, when the armature speed and the strength of the field magnetism are such as to insure the required output, the bar it or 9' is moved a little farther by the action of the magnet d on the rocker so as to touch one of the brushes 8 and complete the main circuit. Supposing that any appreciable fiow of current to the working circuit then takes place, the series turns on the magnet (I will more strongly energize the latter and the rocker will thus be turned a little farther by the magnet 65 thereby bringing the bar it or into contact with one of the brushes 63 which will result in short circuiting the winding 2 up to the point at which the wire" 64 is connected. Or, of course, the winding 2 may be entirely short circuited. The magnet d in spite of the short circuiting of the winding 2, is still powerful enough to hold the rocker in the position in which all of the three brushes 1' s and 63 touch the bar it or j. The complete or partial short-circuiting of the magnet winding 2 effects a reduction in the resistance of the circuit of the shunt winding thereby avoiding or counteracting the drop in voltage which otherwise takes place when a shunt wound dynamo, working on open clrcult, is closed on to a worklng circuit.

2, In a reversible dynamo, an automatic switch gearing comprising, a rocking support commutatorbrush holders on said 'sup-' port, brushes in said holders, switch parts on said support, contacts mounted in the paths of respective switch parts, and electromagnetic means operative upon said support in the same direction as said support is operated by the engagement of the brushes with the commutator.

3. In a reversible dynamo, an automatic switch gear comprising, a brush rocker,

- switch parts thereon connected with respective brushes, cooperative switch contacts in the paths of said switch parts in different relative positions so that certain of said parts and contacts come into engagement upon the initial rocking of said brush rocker in either direction, and electromagnetic means operative upon said rocker to bring about the complete engagement of switch parts and contacts.

4. Ina reversible dynamo, a rocking brush holder, reversing switch parts carried thereon and connectedwith respective brushes, switch brushes variably arranged 'in the paths ofsaid switch parts and electromagnetic means operative upon said holder in the same direction as said holder is turned by the engagement of its brushes with the commutator in either direction of running, and circuits successively closed by said switch parts and brushes.

' 5. In a reversible dynamo," a rocking reversing switch arranged to rock in one direction or the other according to the direction of running, flexible switch brushes variably arranged so that certain of them contact as soon asthe switch is rocked by the revolution of the armature, and electromagnetic means operative upon said rocking switch in either direction of running, a circuit closed by the brushes making the first contact, the windings of said electromag netic means being in said circuit.

6. In a reversible dynamo, a brush rocker,

brush, a'shunt circuit, and electro-magnetic means operative upon said brush rocker, the windings of said means being in the shunt circuit, which is closed by the engagement of said contacts with the first nam'ed brushes.

7. In a reversible dynamo, a brush rocker frame, commutator brushes thereon, arms carried onsaid frame and insulated therefrom, contact devices fixed on said arms and brushes, spaced armature devices on said frame, an electromagnetfixed to the dynamo in electrical connection with respective framing, a pole of said magnet lying between said armatures, a negative brush and a 1positive brush each comprism two arms w ich extend into the paths 0 respective contact devices, the positive brush being oppositely arranged 'to the negative brush, a shunt circuit, the terminals of which are constituted by said brushes, a main circuit, and a second positive brush constituting a terminal of the main circuit, said second positivev brush being arranged similarly to the first ositive brush but having its extremities 1n arrear of those of'thefirst positive brush.

8. Ina reversible shunt wound dynamo,

a brush rocker frame, commutator'brushes thereon, switch-contacts on said frame insulated therefrom-and in electrical'connection with-respective commutator brushes, a switch brush fixed on said dynamo and having arms extending Within the arcual paths of said contacts, said brush constituting a positive terminal of the shunt field winding, an electro-magnet operative .upon said rocker frame in the same sense as said frame is influenced by the engagement of its brushes with the commutator in either direction' of running the windings of said magnet being in the circuit of the shunt -field winding, a second switch brush fixed on said dynamo and having arms extending within the arcual paths of said contacts said brush being oppositively disposed to the first switch and constituting a negative terminal of bothfthe shunt field winding and of the working circuit, and a third switch brushv 1 arranged alongside the first switch brush and having arms shorter than those, of the first switch brush extending within the arcual paths of said contacts said third switch brush constituting the positive terminal of the working circuit.

9. In a reversible dynamo, an automatic switch gear comprising a rocking support, commutator brush holders on the support, brushes inthe holders, switch parts on said support, interchangeable contacts mounted on the switch parts, cotiperative contacts mounted in the paths of respective switch parts, and electromagnetic means operative upon said support in the same direction as the support is operated by the engagement of the brushes with the commutator.

10. In a reversible dynamo, a brush rocker frame, commutator brushes thereon, insulated switch contacts on said frame and electrical connection with respective commutator brushes, liners removably arranged on said switch contacts, a switch brush fixed on said dynamo: and having arms extending I within the arcual paths of said contacts, said brush constituting a positive terminal of the shunt field winding, an electro-magnet operative upon' said rocker frame in the same sense as said frame is influenced by the engagement of its brushes with the commutator in either direction of running the windings of said magnet being in the circuit of the shunt field winding,a working circuit, a second switch brush fixed on said dynamo and having arms extendin the arcual paths of said contacts, said brush being oppositely disposed to the first switch brush and constituting a negative terminal of both the shunt field-winding and of the working circuit, and a third switch brush arranged alongside the first switch brush and having arms shorter than those of. the first switch brush extending within the arcual paths of said contacts, said third switch brush constituting the positive terminalof the working circuit.

11. In a reversible dynamo, a rocking re versin switch com risin two oscillator I contacts connected with respective commutator brushes, electromagnetic means operative upon said rockingswitch in unison with the influence of the frictional engagement of the brushes with the commutator in either direction of running, a double switch brush arranged on one side of the commutator and having its ends in the paths of respective contacts and constituting a terminal of the shunt field winding circuit in which is included said electromagnetic means, a second double switch brush having its ends'in the paths of respective contacts but arranged on the opposite side of the commutator constituting a negative terminal of the shunt cir-.

cuit and of the working circuit, a pair 0 switch brushes insulated from one another and placed alongside the first switch brush each member of said pair of brushes adapted to be connected with the positive pole of a respective accumulator battery, and a double switch brush constituting a positive terminal of the consuming circuit and adapted to make contact with both members of said pair of brushes in the' stationary condition of the dynamo, one member of said pair being moved away from the last named double brush upon the attainment of a predetermined speed, substantially as set forth.

12. In a reversible dynamo, a rocking reversing switch comprising two oscillatory contacts connected with respective commutator brushes, electro-magnetic means operative upon said rocking switch in unison wit the influence of the frictional engagement of the brushes with the commutator in either direction of running, a double switch brush arranged on one side of the commutator and having its ends in the paths of respective contacts and constituting a terminal of the within responding movement switch gear comprising in alongside the first switch brush each member of saidair of brushes adapted to beconnected with the positive pole of a respective accumulator battery, a consuming circuit, and a double switch brush constituting a positive terminal of the consuming cuit and adapted to make contact with both members of said pair of brushes in the stationary condition of the dynamo, one mem ber of said pair last named double ment of a predetermined speed.

13. In apparatusof the class described, a switch gear comprising in combination, contacts, switch parts therefor, means having frictional engagement with a rotating part of the dynamo for moving said switch parts in a direction corresponding to the direction of the rotation of said rotating part, and a second means for impartingadditional corto effect the closing of a circuit.

14. In apparatus of the class described, a switch gear comprising in combination, contacts, switch parts therefor, means operated by a rotating part of the dynamo for moving said switch parts in a direction the same as the direction of movement of said rotating part, and a second means for imparting additional corresponding movement to effect the closing of a circuit.

15. In apparatus of the class described, a

combination, contacts, switch parts therefor, means operated by a rotating part of the dynamo'fo'r moving said switch parts in a direction the same as the direction of movement of said rotating part, and a second means forpositively imparting additional corresponding movement to effect the closing of a circuit.

16. In a reversing dynamo, an automatic switch gear operablefrom a rotating part of the dynamo in either direction of running and carrying for closing two circuits, one set being in advance of the other and relatively movable with respect thereto whereby the circuits may be successively closed.

17. In a reversing dynamo, an automatic switch gear operable from a rotating part of the dynamo in ether direction of running and carrying two sets of switch parts for closing two circuits, one set being yieldingly in advance of the other whereby the circuits may be successively closed.

18. In apparatus of the class described, a

being moved away from the brush upon the attaintwo sets of switch parts -electromagn et intermediate switch gear comprisinga rocking support carrying switch ing an initial movement to the rocking support in either direction of running,'andan the armatures for imparting an additional corresponding movement to said support. p

19. In apparatus of the class described, a

reversing switch support carrying switch parts and provided with a pair-of spaced armatures, a circuit,

means for imparting an initial movement to the rocking support in either direction of running to close said circuit, and an electromagnet in said circuit and located intermediate said armatures for imparting an additional correspondingmovement to said .sup port. g

20. In a reversing dynamo, anautomatic reversing switch gear comprising a rocking support, means for rock parts and provided with a pair of spaced armatures, means for 1mpartgear comprising a rocking ng said support from a rotating part of the dynamo in either direction of running, said support being provided with a pair-of opposed armatures and carrying switch parts," a, circuit closed byswitch parts on said support upon rota-r tion of the dynamos, and an electro-magnet in said circuit located intermediate said ar- 'matures forimparting an additional movement to said support upon the closing of said circuit. a I

21. In apparatus of the character described, a dynamo, a switch gear operable from a rotati g part of the dynamo and carrying two sets of switch parts for closing two circuits, one set being in advance of the other and relatively movable vwith respect thereto whereby the circuits may be successively closed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name and aflixed my seal.

ALFRED HENRY BARKER. [L- 8-]

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