USRE4201E - Improvement in furnaces -for bufsn sng bone-black and other substances - Google Patents

Description

neiasue'd December 15- lavo.

the Hoon-wak] of the lire-chamber is also provided with ari-rra sind @met @inline ADM WE1-3ER, 0F NEW' YORK, N. Y.

Leners Patent Nessun, dated time 4,4867;

reissue No. 4,201, dated December 13, 1870;

The Schedule referred to In these Letters Patent and making part of the sam-e.

To all whom it 'may concern Be it known that I, ADA); WEBER, of the city of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful improvement in Kilus for Reburning and Purifying Bone-black, and for other purposes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the artto make and' use the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawing forming part of this specilication, in which- Figure lis a central longitudinal vertical section of my kiln of single retorts, taken in the line x x, lig. 2.

Figure 2, a partial horizontal section', taken lin thc line y y, fig. 1, and partial top view of same.

Figure 3, a transverse vertical section, taken in the line w w, tlg. 2, showing two contiguous kilns.

Figure 4,v a central longitudinal section of a kiln of double retorts, taken inl the line a; x, tig. 7.

Figure 5, a vertical transverse section, taken in the line y y, fig. 7.

Figure 6, a front view.

Figure 7, a horizontal section, taken in the line n' yw, lig. 4.

Figure 8, a horizontal section, taken iii-the line z z, tig. 4.

Figure i), a partial section of a kiln, taken in the line Iw w, iig. 7.

Figures 10 andll, details of the retort-socket.

Similar letters ,of reference indicate corresponding parts. f

This invention relates to improvements in kilns or furnaces forreburuiug bone-black,.. or bone-charcoal, which has been used in the refining of sugar, and bccomefcharged with vegetable mattei', so as to destroy its filtering property; and

It consists in building the said kilns o1' furnacesA with single or double fire-clay retort-s and fire-brick walls, floors, and covers, ou iron columns, hed-plates,- und girders, dispensing entirely with solid wallsl around the base, the said retortsY being wholly ineloscd by exterior' walls in a fire-chamber, in which the heat surrounds them and acts upon their walls, and through said walls upon the contents of the retorts, which are open at the top for the reception of thc bonelbluek, and the covering-wall of the liresiace is provided with openings coinciding with the openings of the retorts for feeding or supplying the substance from time to time to be acted on.

The said retorts are also open at the bottom, and

o e infs col es ending with lhcm.

The arrangement is such that both the supply :unl discharge may be effected while the fire is kept l constantly going, and without in any way interferingl with it, the operation being thereby continuous and uninterrupted.

'heu the furnace is employed for purifying bonehlaek, coolers are attached to the' bottom of the rctorts for the reception ol' the bone-black as it settles down through the retorts to hold it for cooling previous to being removed, and to facilitate the removal.

The retorts are so arranged in relation to each other, and the fire-filles between them and around them, that the heat from the furnace is diffused equally over their entire surfaces, and retained wholly in contact with the retorts until it escapes through outlets into chambers under a drying-floor, or directly into the chimney.

By my improved mode of construction, the lower ends of the retortsiare set in cast-iron sockets, which project through thebed-plate of the kiln for-attaching, thereto the sheet-iron coolers, and the upper ends of the retorts are so formed as to dispense with the iron separating-'bars in ordinary use; and the iron coolers are suspended by means of hanging rods instead of being supported upon flange-irons in the walls of kilns, as commonly construct-ed.

The-advantages of my improved construction of boue-black kilns are cheapness in building and durability in use, while they are more effective in operation, by the equalization of the heat around the retorts, in such manner that the charcoal is more thoroughly penetrated with the heat and purified, and by the free circulation of fresh air under the kiln and around the iron coolers, in such'manner that the heated charcoal is more speedily cooled and dis-v charged, thus burning and passing the bone-charcoal vthrough the kiln after the vegetable matter has been entirely expelled.

lhe'plan is also convenient for the workmen, who can pass between the iron columns that supportthe furnace to getA at and discharge the coolers, or remove the plugs and discharge ore, which cannot be done with kilns built on the old plan, with supporting-walls instead of columns.

A A' are cast-iron columns, upon the caps of which rest iron bed-plates, a a, for the supporteof the kiln, which columns are placed under the front and under the middle of the bed-plates a it; 'oiiwhen girdcrs are used, as hereinafter described, the middle columns may he dispensed with. v -Y lhe foundation of the kiln in the rear may be either columns or a wall, B, as shown in the drawing,"

figs. 1 and 4.

G is a furnace in the center of the kiln, running from front to rear, and a series o f retorts is placed on each side Vot' the furnace.

tail, gs. 10 and 11, which socket The retorts are made of fire-clay in au elongated' or dat oral.. shape sectioually, and are either single or I double.

For small kilns single retorts are. used, and for large kilns double retorts. -:Both kinds are shown in the drawing, and the especial adaptations of each kind, hereinafter described.

D D, fig. 3, represent the single,-and

l E', figs. 5 and 9, the double retorts.

The lower ends of the retorts are each set in .a casteir'on collarseat, or hollow socket, b, seen `in desh'oulders upon and passes through the bed-plate It, and projects Jelow far enough to form a neck, on which the upper end of a. sheet-iron cooler, -l. is slipped .ovcrin the manner of stove-pipe joints.

The series of sheet-iron coolers F, thus attached to the socket-s b b under the series of retorts on one side otn. kiln, is supported by hanging rods c c, which run 'from front to rear in sections under the coolers, and

are suspended .by hangers d d, which are *fastened above to the bed-plate c, as shown in figs. 1 and 4.

'The upper ends of the retorts are covered with.

iron capeplates, c, on the top of the kiln, in the usual way; but the iron rods in common use to separate the upper ends of the 'retorts are `dispensed with by' forming collars or auges g g, figs. 3, 5, and 9, around the month of the retort under the cap-plates e, which touch at the edges of the adjoining retorts--a-nd are sealedI with lire-clay cement.

Fire-brick walls G G are built upon the'bed-plates 1.a on the outside of the series ot' retorts, as also walls G' G'on the front and rear-'ends of t-he kiln, and the outside walls G of a kiln form party walls whentwo or more kilns are built side by side, with the bedplates a a ot' the two kilns resting jointly on one column, as shown in Iig. 3. The file-chamber H is made of fire-brick blocks, laid up in shapes to form groined arches I I, which spring from the ends and middle' of the'bed-plate's a a, on both sides of the furnace, as shown in longitu dinal section of the fire-chamber in figs. 1 and 4, and transversal section, figs. 3 and 5.

This arrangement of groined arches to form the fire-chamber allows the flames and products of combustlon `to pass directly from the body of the pipe- Achamber or body of the furnace against and between the sides of the lower parts of the retorts. as shown .clearly in 'the drawing.

The spaces between the single retorts D D are closed by narrowreclay partitions h h formed upon the adjacent retorts, which are joined to the upper corner of the arches on each side of the furnace, and slope downward diagonally to the opposite or outer sides of the retorts nearlyv to the bottom thereof, leaving only spaces k k for the passage of the products ot' combustion, which, after rising between the re. torts to the partitions h h, are directed downward by them, and thus directed behind the retorts, as shown in fig. 3.

'lhe partitions h h, at their lower ends, extend across a due-space, m, on the back side of the retorts to the side wall G, joining and resting upon blocks or bricks h' h projecting from the wall. Thus the passage'of the llame is cut otl and directed upward-against thenarrow sides oi' the retort throughout the lire-space m, between them and the wall G, and thence between the retort-s, against their at sides, hack to the opposite or inner side of the retorts, where it enters the lower tier of horizontal ues K K over the lire-chamber II, and through them to and through the upper tier of lines K K',

4 and thence directly to the smoke-stack, as shown in figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, or to the floors of drying-rooms, as indicated, iig. 1.

i The chambers K' K over the tire-chamber are provided with dampers, ,n n, at oppposite ends, to

spaces k 1c, up to the heads c 'v through the horizontal regulate the draught and heatnnpiied to theretorts;

The double retorts EV E are constructed and arranged diiierently from the single retorts, for diffusing the heat equally over their surfaces.

The upper ends of the lower sections E ol' the double retorts are made with flange-rims c c, vthat form sockets for receiving the lower ends of the up-V pervsections E' in the same manner asdrain-pipes are connected.

.These rims or heads 'v c unite and till the spaces between the retorts, as shown in ig.'9, and thus form partitions, which curl olf the spaces between the upper from those of the lower sections of the `,double retorts.

Nom the dame and products of combustion pass directly between the lower sections of the double retorts E inthe same manner as between the lower -portions of the single retorts below the partitions h h, and are diffused over their surfaces equally before they can escape at the back side through firespaces k k, at the bottom, under tire-brick blocks w w, which projectffroln the side walls and till. up the spaces in the back part of the retorts above the' fire ot' the retcrts, as shown in iigs. 7 and 9.

These blocks w also serve to vbrace the retorts at the edges against the outward pressure of the c'ontents of theretorts, which is 'very greatwhen the ore is being reduced.

' The rls h also serre the saine purpose for the sides of the single retorts, and more may be employed, if necessary.

The products of combustion pass from the firespaces la k up on the back sides of the retorts to the spaces m', between the double retorts and the side walls G, and circulate` equally between the upper sections of the retorts.

dues the chimney or to the drying-doors, as hereinbefore described. A

An iron asin-pan, L, is suspended under the furnace, and kept supplied with water, to catch the ashes and prevent dust, and also to increase combustion by the steam arising therefrom.

The caps of the central iron column A', figs. 3 and 5, are shorter than the outside column A, and support angle-iron girders p p, which support the lirebrick sides q q of the furnace and the bearers fr r of Vthe grate-bar.

These grders, p p, are Vbolted in front to dat sideplates s s, cast on the heads of the columns, whichv extend up and set under the inner sides oi' the bedplates a a for their support.

The girders p p extend from the front to the rear of the kiln, where their ends rest in the rear foundation wall' B.

Girders p' are also placed ou the outer sides of the kiln, resting in front ou the columns A, and inthe rear in the wall B.

By the use of these girders the middle columns underthe kiln m. y be dispensed with, and they may be strengthened with ribs M below, as shown in fig. 1.

Having thus described my invention,

entv 1. The'columns A', haring cast upon their upper ends the plates s s, in combination with the angleplates p p, supporting the fire-bricks q q, the hedplates a a, and ash-pan L, substantially as described,

for the purpose specified.

2. rlhe arrangement of the inclined partitions h h between the single retorts 1) D, and cast upon them, and, between the fire-spacesk and m m in the rear of said retorts, substantial. v as described, for the purpose specified.

3. lhe horizontal fire-fines K Kf and dempers nn,

They then enter and pass.

K K', either direct to I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Iatin' combination with 4the rtorts, substantially as described, for the purposes specied.

x' 4'. The hanging rods c, extending in sections from front to rear under the coolers, and suspended from 1 the plate a, by means, of the hanger d, arranged ,to

support a. series of retorts, ns herein set forth, for the purpo e specified. .l

5. he suspended iron asb-pan L, in combination 4 with the furnace U, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

6. The anges v cast upon the upper ends of the lower sections of the ,retorts E, arranged in such a manner as to form prt-itions between the upper retorts and lower vretorts E and E', substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

7. The combination, withl the walls G and the retorts, ofthe projections w, substantially as specified` 8. The retorts, made either in one lor'l'nore parts, inclosed at the side's, topsmd bottoms, in 'a fumano supplyvanddisoharge of the substance subjectedto the action of the heat therein, and arranged onpsts or other supports, affording access tothe discharge'- openings beneath, all substantially in the manner described.

. ADAM VEBEIL Witnesses:

GEO. W. MABEE, L. S. MABEE.

.having the openings at the top and bottom for'tbe

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