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US9143363B2 - Method for channel estimation in vehicle-to-environment communication and communication device arranged therefor - Google Patents

Method for channel estimation in vehicle-to-environment communication and communication device arranged therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US9143363B2
US9143363B2 US14/112,478 US201214112478A US9143363B2 US 9143363 B2 US9143363 B2 US 9143363B2 US 201214112478 A US201214112478 A US 201214112478A US 9143363 B2 US9143363 B2 US 9143363B2
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model
convergence
channel estimation
parameters
environment
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US20140050258A1 (en
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Marc Menzel
Sighard Schräbler
Ulrich Stählin
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Aumovio Germany GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/28—Systems using multi-frequency codes with simultaneous transmission of different frequencies each representing one code element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04L12/26—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for channel estimation in vehicle-to-environment communication (C2X communication), in which a model of the environment influencing vehicle-to-environment communication is generated from parameters of vehicle-to-environment communication.
  • C2X communication vehicle-to-environment communication
  • the quality of the model for the environment is ascertained by the convergence of the parameters used in the model.
  • the data to be transmitted is initially modulated digitally in a digital transmission system. This is also referred to as symbol mapping.
  • a continuous-time baseband signal is generated in a pulse shape filter. Before the signal is able to be transmitted via the actual transmission channel, the baseband signal is transformed into a so-called bandpass signal, for example, with the aid of a quadrature modulator.
  • the reception signal is transformed back into a baseband signal via a corresponding quadrature modulator, specific interference suppression mechanisms possibly following after this inverse transformation.
  • the transmission channel is determined by the physical communications properties of the system. However, it is possible to match the transmitting signal optimally to the properties of the channel using a suitable choice of transmission and modulation methods, which are influenced by the environment of the transmitter and the receiver. On the receiver side, so-called channel estimation is then frequently carried out in order to be able to compensate for distortion occurring via the transmission channel. For this purpose, reference signals are often inserted into the data stream at the transmitter, via which the receiver receives information about the channel transfer function. Based on this information, it is then possible to estimate the channel transfer function with the aid of a model.
  • the known channel estimation methods generate a model of the environment, information from the communication itself being used.
  • a radar system designed as an environment sensor is known from DE 10256620 A1, which has means for both sensing and data transmission, these means being able to be operated simultaneously using different frequency ranges for sensing and data transmission.
  • WO 2006/073691 A2 describes a method in which information about the relative distance between the vehicles is obtained by evaluating a communication channel between two vehicles. For this purpose, current transmission power or transmission power calculated in a model and received transmission strength are taken into consideration, the receiver ascertaining the distance from the transmission power and the received transmission strength based on a model of free radio transmission. This necessarily requires communication between the various communications partners.
  • satellite positioning systems may be used for improving the determination of the relative distance, transmission losses being determined on the transmission channel between vehicles having a satellite positioning system and being correspondingly used on vehicles without a satellite positioning system, in order to improve the distance estimation for vehicles in the same vehicle cluster.
  • an alternative sensor system must be used in order to obtain an assessment of the environment.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an option of inferring environmental parameters from the communication itself.
  • This object is achieved according to the present invention through a method and a transmission device which has been set up in a corresponding manner to the method in which the course of convergence of the parameters in the model for the environment is monitored and conclusions about the environment are drawn from the course of convergence of the parameters.
  • the present invention makes use of the fact that the parameters used in the models for channel estimation in a radio environment, in which the transmission channel as such remains the same, converge to a specific value. That is, once the parameters have been determined, they no longer change within smaller limits. This applies in particular if the model, which performs radio modeling of the transmission, is well suited to the actual conditions.
  • the course of convergence of the parameters of a model for channel estimation therefore allows conclusions to be drawn about the actual environment of the receiver, so that the medium of the vehicle-to-environment communication may be used within certain limits as an environmental sensor of a motor vehicle or more generally of a receiver of the vehicle-to-environment communication.
  • multiple models are used for channel estimation within the method, a typical environment being assigned to each model, in which environment this model describes the radio channel especially well.
  • the parameters exhibit especially good convergence behavior; that is, they are essentially constant in time over a predefined meaningful evaluation period. Based on the convergence of the parameters in at least one model, it is then possible to select the suitable model and thus ascertain the environment of the receiver in the context of an environmental sensor system.
  • the convergence for the parameters may be evaluated simultaneously for a plurality of various models for channel estimation, which are assigned to different environments, the model having the best convergence, that is, the model in which the parameters currently change the least during the monitored time interval, being selected. This selection is valid for both determining the C2X communication parameters and ascertaining the environment of the communication subscriber in the context of the environmental sensor system.
  • a hysteresis value and/or a threshold value is assigned to the course of convergence of the parameters, especially after a change of the model for channel estimation, which must be exceeded before an additional change of the model for channel estimation occurs.
  • the course of convergence of the parameters for channel estimation may also be classified, wherein a value is assigned to each class, which indicates whether a switch must be made to a channel estimation model, and if so, to which.
  • the classification thus indicates that switching is not necessary.
  • classification which according to the present invention may also be carried out in addition to a selection from multiple different models based on the evaluation of the convergence behavior in each of these models, it is also generally possible to limit the evaluation of the convergence to just one model, thus saving computing time, and accordingly implementing the computing units more economically.
  • the channel estimation model after a change of the channel estimation model, it is possible to optimize a new model for channel estimation using data from the previous channel estimation and/or the vehicle-to-environment communication, the period from which the data is selected for optimization being parameterizable, depending on the model if applicable.
  • the time scale for using such data may logically lie in the range of seconds up to minutes, the duration in particular also being ascertainable as a function of the time constant of the change in convergence.
  • the model for channel estimation which enables a rough estimation of the environment in the context of a rough environmental sensor system
  • the current value of this parameter after forming its absolute value if necessary, may be logarithmized and averaged with various averaging time constants, wherein a difference, is formed from the value of the parameter and each of the various average values, and a sign change or transition in the differences is evaluated.
  • various averaging value filters having different averaging time constants may be used for this. From the evaluation result, it is possible to select a suitable model for the channel estimation.
  • aspect of the present invention also relates to a communication device for vehicle-to-environment communication (C2X) having a transmitter and/or receiver for transmitting and/or receiving communication messages in vehicle-to-environment communication and a computing unit equipped for carrying out the communication, wherein a method for channel estimation is also implemented in the computing unit.
  • C2X vehicle-to-environment communication
  • the prescribed method for channel estimation is completely or partially implemented in the computing unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram that shows the convergence behavior of the parameters of various models A, B, C, and D over time;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram that shows the convergence behavior of various parameters a, b, c of a model and the combined overall convergence of these parameters over time;
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for carrying out the method according to the present invention according to a first specific embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for carrying out the method according to the present invention according to a second specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram for a possible evaluation of the convergence behavior of a parameter according to the present invention.
  • vehicle-to-environment communication for example, with the aid of automotive WLAN in accordance with the IEEE 802.11p standard, as well as other communication systems such as GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, LTE, WiMax, WLAN in accordance with IEEE 802.1a/b/g/n/etc., Bluetooth, ZigBee, or RKE key radio, so-called channel estimation methods are typically used, which model the physical properties of the transmission channel in order to be able to ascertain optimum settings for radio transmission.
  • FIG. 1 the convergences of a parameter are depicted for various models A, B, C, and D, which have been ascertained in a radio communication by the receiver, models A, B, C, D symbolizing various environments of the receiver.
  • These environments may, for example, be cities, open landscape, tunnels, or the like.
  • model B after initially poorer convergence, converges best, since the convergence curve becomes flatter with increasing time.
  • time derivative (d/dt) of the curve is considered. If no significant change results here, the parameter converges.
  • model C the curve here being somewhat steeper with increasing time.
  • Model A is subject to greater fluctuation over the period under consideration, and model D results in greater divergence with increasing time.
  • an evaluation of the divergence behavior would thus take place, for example, by evaluating the slope of the various divergence curves over time, a slope that is as low as possible expressing especially good convergence.
  • model B would thus be selected as the model having the optimal convergence, and would be used both for determining the settings in the vehicle-to-environment communication and for identifying the environment of the transmitter.
  • a model has multiple parameters, an evaluation of this kind may be performed for each parameter, a suitable weighting of the individual parameters then being predefined in order to select the optimal overall model.
  • FIG. 2 shows a differing practice, in which the various parameters a, b, and c of one model are combined into an overall convergence for the overall model.
  • An overall convergence of this kind would result, for example, for each of the various models A, B, C, D according to FIG. 1 , if multiple parameters are used in the model.
  • FIG. 3 an option for carrying out the method according to the present invention is proposed, in which a method for channel estimation is implemented in a computing unit of a communication device, in which the convergence is examined in parallel for a plurality of different models and, similarly to the depiction in FIG. 1 , the model having the best convergence is selected. For this purpose, the convergence of each of the models is determined, and the model having the best convergence is ascertained. This model is then used both for ascertaining the optimal communication settings and for ascertaining the environment, and thus acts as an environmental sensor according to the present invention.
  • additional detailing may be performed by taking into consideration an overall parameter or each individual parameter and its convergence.
  • the convergence of specific parameters may be used to infer the height of a development in a city, or the like.
  • This detailing takes place following the selection of a model from a predefined plurality of models, for each of which a convergence is calculated.
  • This method is relatively computationally intensive and may also be replaced by the following method described with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • the convergence of the model used directly for channel estimation of the transmission channel is ascertained, a classification of the convergence taking place which may be different from model to model and may contain the variability, slope of the convergence curve, or other criteria. From this classification, it is possible to derive the model that best describes the instantaneous transmission behavior in the transmission channel. It may be concluded that the present model already contains the best description, so that the environment is already described optimally. If the description of the environment is not optimal, the suitable new model may be selected directly based on the classification of the parameter or parameters.
  • FIG. 5 describes an option for evaluating the course of convergence of a parameter.
  • the shape of the curve of individual values of the parameter is determined, each determined value of the parameter being submitted to an evaluation scheme 2 as an input value 1 .
  • the input value in the illustrated example is subjected to three different calculations, each of which is based on the input value.
  • an absolute value formation 3 of the input value is performed.
  • the absolute value is then subjected to logarithmization 4 .
  • the logarithmized values from the shape of the curve of the parameter are then averaged in an average value formation, averaging periods of various lengths being taken as a basis using the average value filters “1”, “TP1”, and “TP2”.
  • a computing unit 6 the differences e between the current curve shape and the average value from the various average value filters “1”, “TP1”, and “TP2” are formed and are evaluated as differences e1, e2, and e3 in an analyzer 7 , which may be integrated into the computing unit 6 .
  • a transition or a sign change is in particular determined, which is a measure of the convergence.
  • a suitable model model 1, model 2, model 3 is selected for the channel estimation in a model selection 8 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
US14/112,478 2011-04-18 2012-03-07 Method for channel estimation in vehicle-to-environment communication and communication device arranged therefor Active US9143363B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011017473.7 2011-04-18
DE102011017473 2011-04-18
DE102011017473A DE102011017473A1 (de) 2011-04-18 2011-04-18 Verfahren zur Kanalschatzung bei der Fahrzeug-zu-Umgebung- Kommunikation und dazu eingerichtete Kommunikationseinrichtung
PCT/EP2012/053911 WO2012143169A1 (de) 2011-04-18 2012-03-07 Verfahren zur kanalschätzung bei der fahrzeug-zu-umgebung-kommunikation und dazu eingerichtete kommunikationseinrichtung

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US9143363B2 true US9143363B2 (en) 2015-09-22

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EP (1) EP2700179A1 (de)
CN (1) CN103477577B (de)
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WO (1) WO2012143169A1 (de)

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DE102014226141B4 (de) * 2014-12-16 2016-08-25 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zum Empfang von Rundfunksignalen in einem Empfangsgerät und Empfangsgerät
EP3352028A1 (de) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-25 dSPACE digital signal processing and control engineering GmbH Verfahren zum test einer steuergerätefunktion eines steuergeräts eines fahrzeugs

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Publication number Publication date
EP2700179A1 (de) 2014-02-26
CN103477577A (zh) 2013-12-25
WO2012143169A1 (de) 2012-10-26
DE102011017473A1 (de) 2012-10-18
US20140050258A1 (en) 2014-02-20
CN103477577B (zh) 2016-08-17

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