US873051A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

EATBNTED DEG. 10, 1907.

O. JUNGGREN. ELASTG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8. 1905. *l

4 HBBTS--SHEET l,

/nvenow PATENTED DEG. 1.0, 1907.

v No. 873,051

0. JUNGGREN. ELASTIC FLUD T-UR'BINE.

APPLICATION ILBD APR. 8. 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

amg.

P-ATBNTED DEG. l0, 1907.

0. JUNGGREN. ELASIG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIG-ATION FILED APB.. 8: 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 Il v lll. lll

NO. 873,051. PATBNTED DC, 1507 O JUNGGRN. ELST FLUID YURBINE. APPLICATION YILED APR.B,1905.

I HEB'LE-fi, :.511

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UnrTnD STATES PATENT onirica OSCR JUNGGREN, OF SCHENECTDY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO L'llNERi-ll. ELEC'lRIiZ COMPANY, A CORPORATIONOF NlllY YORK.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

f Letters Patent. Patented Dec. l0, 1907. Application lad :April 8. 1905. Seria-l No. 251.517.

To all whom it may concern: l and control ihcm in the same or in a difl'creui' Be it known that I, OSCAR JUNGGREN, a I Way. Except where great refinement iu citizen Of the United States, residing at regulation is roquircd, Valves For the main `rhihenectady, county of Schenectady, State i Stage nozzles. will not ordinarily be necessary. u of New York, have invented certain new and Thus far the construction the soon as Vuseful Improvements in GoverninY Mechanthat disclosed in applications proviiufsui' s.:

ism for Elastic-F luid Turbines, of which the iiled by me. y following is aspciiication. Stated generally, my improvement over ln the construction of certain types of said applications consists' in admitting live 10 multistage elastic-fluid turbines, separately' steam or other motiveilluid under pressure actuated valves under the control of a suitdirectlyto the second stage or to e. subsec, able speed or'load-rcsponsive device are proucnt stage or to both the second and one or vided for regulating the admission of motive moreof the subsequent stages, through suitfluid to the iirst stage, and independent and ably designed nozzles, the' said nozzles hav i5 separately actuated stage valves between ing e. different ratio of expansion from ythe two, three ormore of the subsequent stages of other nozzles in the stage or stages. By Je lower pressure for regulating the passage of reason of this construction I am able to disfluid through some or all of the stage nozzles. pensi` with the automatic pressure-actuated lThe stageJ valves are constructed and arstage valves und thus improve and simplify :zo ranged to be opened and closed by changes the apparatus.

iu stage pressures, the ohjovl heini lo malnln addition to the main stage nozzles re- 1cm mustard or substantially constant prcsferred to are other stage nozzles which to dis-- Auros in. the different stages. anguish them will be termed "auxiliary )dy present invention 'has for its object to stage nozzles to which steam or other fluid attain the advantages of the arrangement at boiler pressure or pressure considerably .referred to above by a simpler construction. abovex :i given stage is admitted. lhesr sozsi;

In carrying out my invention, a suitable iliary nozzles, instead of being in open coninumber of'nozzles are provided for the first municntion With the difl'erent stages, are stage, the number depending upon av certain closed thereto and only receive their fluid so predetermined load. The pressure on the from a source of hivherpressure. As a simlirst stage casing is determined by the ple way of accom'p ishin'g this the auxiliary amount of steam or other elastic fluid passnozzles receive fluid from passages fern qd ing through it. The succeeding stages are in the casing or from conduits extending4 nach provided with main stage nozzles of from the supply chest containing the admis? suflicieut cross-sectional arca to handle the sionvalves. Thedmotive fluid may hou=- volume of steam or other elastic-fluid at the ever,I be received from' a separate source o!z pressures existingiin the stages, and may be supply if desired. Many arrangements can expanding or non-expanding in character. be provided for this pui ose, so the inven- 'lhe admission nozzles may each be provided tion is not to be construe as being limito to 40 with a nozzle valve which opens and closes in the specific construction illustrated. The

response to load cl'ianges, or one valve may passage of motive fluid to the auxiliary stage 95 control 'two or more nozzles or nozzle secnozzles is controlled by a suitable yvalve tions, the latter being preferably closely asmechanism. I prefer to employ individual sociatod so as to discharge an unbroken col'- and successively operated valves for this pur- 45 umn of fluid against the wheel buckets, The pose responding to changes in load on the valves preferably, but not necessarily, have turbine, but the invention is not limited in 100 an open and a closed position but no intel'-V all respects to this arrangement. In order to mediate, and may be operated directl or in'4 simplify the construction, the admission and directly by electro-magnetic means, by mestage valves are controlled by the same shaft 50 chani'cal means, by fluid pressure means, or governor.v by acombination of said means, as desired; The idea of employing admission and ico I may alsoprovide t e main stage nozzles stagcvalvcs responsive to a governor which previously referred to with valves of a simi-l control the' admission of live steam to the lar or differenttype to the admission valves high as Well as the low pressure stages of the .verted into turbine, in connection with the proper nozzles7 I regard as an important feature of my in- Vention. By reason of this anrangeinent the valves Will quickly respond to load changes and there will be no lag such as is the case with pressure actuated devices.

Since the pressure of the fluid passing through the auxiliary stage nozzles is higher than that passing through the main stage nozzles, it foliotvs that thel ratio of expansion of the auxiliary nozzles must be greater than that oi"V the `main nozzles. This means that one set of stage nozzles is discharging motive fluid at one velocity and other nozzles in the saine stage at a different velocity, the fluid from both sets of-nozzles acting on the saine wheel bucket-s. The pressure of the luid stream issuing from the auxiliary stage nozzles should be the same or approximate y the saine as that of the receiving stage. The turbine is so governed that the bucket s eed is correct for the motive iuid issuing rom the main stage nozzles or nozzle sections andv istherefore somewhat low for the motive huid issuing from the auxiliary' stage nozzle er nozzles or nozzle sections. ln other K Words, the residual velocity oi the motive iuid from the auxiliary stage nozzle or nozzles is in excess of that from the main stage nozzles. This excess Velocity is recon heat upon being 'suddenly brought to rest by the wall or other part of the wheel casing which increases the temperaturc of the motive iuid in the stage and also serves to revaporate sonic or all of the moisture in the stage. This action may be repeated in one or more of the subsequent stages7 the saine general arrangement of parts beingl provided. Frein this it follows thatwhatevcr energy may be lost in one stage is available in the subsequent stage or stages, because the luid isrenozzled in passinfr from one to the other.

he admission nozzles are preferably so constructed and designed thatthc work done in theI iirst stage at normal load is greater than that done by any subsequent stage under said condition. Preferably the pressure in the iiist stage sh'buld not exceed iityeight per cent. of the boiler pressure when the maximum amount of' motive iuid is flowing through the machine, since otl'ierwise 'it would reduce the flow ol'v steam through the admission nozzles and thus vdecrease the clvctivr-ness of the in'st stage.

The present arrangement is excccdingl'yllcxible'in that it can be adapted for use with machines differing greatly in capacity and [or wide ranges in load. With difierent inachincs the expansion ratios ol thc noz/,lcsy

-would ordinarily bc changed to suit thccon` ditions oi' operation. The turbine trated is intended to operate at its rated lull load capacity without the auxiliary stagey noz/.lesv being in service and to have an over#` stracci under load changes, but since an increase in number tends toward complication and increased cost oi' maintenance, it is desirable to use as few possible.

Nothing in this speciication is to be construcd as limiting the invention t'o any specilic number of auxiliary stage nozzles in a given stage or to the number of stages in the machine which are so provided nor to the number of Valves underthe control of a suitable controlling mechanism for regulating the passage of fluid through said nozzles, since different conditions 're nire somewhat diiierent arrangements. T e controllingr valvesfor the auxiliary4 nozzles may be located in the same chest with the admission Valves or they may be located in one or more separate chests. The use of a. single chest with duplicate Valves is desirable on account oi simplicity in construction. Concentrating the admission and stage valves in the same place render it easier for the attendant lto inspect them from time to ltime to see if they are workin(y iro )erl It also sim lifies the construction of the turbine as a whole.

By causing the lire steam admitted to the lou pressure to Vlirst pass through one or more nozzles having the proper ratio of cx pansioii l am able to obtain substantiallyT the full beneiit of the expansion due to the difference in pressure. On the other hand if the steam was discharged directly into a low pressure stage and there permitted to mix with the main body of steam, thel e'llect of the expansion from the high to the low pressure Ywould be lost. i\'h roo\'er this would have the eiiect ot' backing up lthe pressures in the higher pressure stages which should be avoided far as possible.

My invention can be used in connection with highpressure turbines, or with lowpressure turbines receiving the exhaust from rcciproinrting engines, turbines or other source oi supply.

v lnV the acctunpanying drawings which illustrate embodiments of my inycntion, Figure 1 a View in elo v atioinuith certain of the )arts broken away, of a vcrticalfshait tur ine;' Fig. 2 is a.. view in side elevation, with certain oi the parts brokeiraway, roija horizontal turbine; Fig. I3 is Va View in endeleyation oi' the machine shownjin .2, with partsof` the 'valve chest broken away .tor the purpose.

" taining two or more of one stade are se arated from thoseof an-' same showing the controlling valve ,"Fig. 8A is a cross section ofthe controlling valve'; and4 Fig. is a diagrammatlc view of one of the4 auxiliary nozzles having an exaggerated expansion for the purpo'se of Illustration.

lnc invention is shown 1n connection with a turbine of the Curtis typcybutit is also ap" disable to other types o en the impact principle. c i

.l represents the,I base of the vmachine which machine operating is connected toI lacondeisei` or other exhaust by theneck 2.v .Locate incithin the Abase is 'a suitable step `hearing (not shown) for supporting the Weightpf the moving parts. .i ieunted on top ofthe base is a casing 3 conwheels 4. The Wheels other stage by diaphragms 5 which are supported by suitable 1nternal shouldersformed on the casing:` ln the present illustration f' ,i2-.teil stage is provided with two rows of4 iz-heel boel-ets t with intermediate buckets 7 eroted between, them and in llne with the zlcs. l may employ one, tivo or more the conditions of operation. Steam or et oer elastic 'lluid is admitted to the turbine one er more nbzzles 8. These nozzles are f-"ably composed of a plurality of closely ated expanding passages 9 which convcri the pressure ofthe motive fluid into velocity and discharge it against the adjacent Wheel buckets, the' intermediate buckets 7 serving te reverse the direction of the motive fluid as it passes 'from one row ei wheel buckets te the other. Y The nozzles between stages are similar in constriuvtion to the admission nozzle or nozzles 8 except that they," are somewhat larger in cross section te accommodate the increased volume of steam. ".l`he},f may, l'n'nvever, be non-expandirte` in. V"luractcr, or they may d'iii'er slightly to their expansion ratio where the machine is intended to de velen unequal Work per stage as in the present instance. The casingiil the machine is )rovideii with a head or cover 10`upon Wiich rests the stool -1 l that supports the generator.

Where the turbine is employed for driving such a machine.

Mounted on top of the head of the niachine is a valve chest 12 eontainicg` a pli*- rality of individual and successively operating valves, which valves have an open andy a closed position butno intermediate to prevent throttling of tliemotive fluid as it passes to the nozzles. As shown three valves longiv latter bei s of wheel buckets per stage 'depending 13 are provided for regulating the admission of elastic fluid to the admission nozzles of the first stage, each valve being4 arranged to con-l trol the supply of two nozzle sections. Each of these, valves is actuated by a piston 14, and thelatter is controlled by a relay valve Y1n response to movements of the armature 15 of an electro-magnet- The electro-magnets are provided with suitable pole-pieces 1'6 and the circuits of the magnets are controlled byl a contact cylinder 17 or other device for making and breaking their. circuits. The current for energizing the magnets is re- .celved from a generator 'or other source of supply 18. The contact vided with a ing shaft,

cylinder is pro pinion on the end of-its support- Which mesheswith a rack 19, the connected to the lever 20. `This lever is sultably pivoted and is actuated by a speed-responsive device 21 which is shown di grammatically for the purpose of illustration.- vThis speed governor may be actuated directly by the speed of the turbine shaft, or nay be driven fromfa countershaft as des1re In addition to the main stage nozzles are auxiliary stage nozzles 22 which comprise one or more sections, each of which has a greater expansion ratio than the-main stage vnozzles owing to the fact that they receive motive fluid at considerably higher pressure. These nozzles can with' advantage bev formed in or connected to the diaphragme 5.v The Wall of the easing 3 is cored out at 2-3 to form a passage for discharging iiuid to the nozzles. In the present illustration elastic fluid is supplied to the nozzles by'external conduits 24 and 25 Which are connected at one end to the valve chest' 12 and at the other end are screw'- threaded into the wheel casing 3 in line with the openings23. On the leftlhand side of Fig. l1 the conduit 24 is shown as discharging into an auxiliary stage nozzle discharging into the second stages. On the right-hand side of Fig. 1 the conduit 25 is shown as receiving steam or other elastic fluid. from the valve chest 12 and discharging it into a nozzle or nozzles discharging into the third stages, the said machine being of the fours'tage type. Admission of fluid to the aux iliary stage nozzles is controlled by valves 26 and 27 which are similar in construction and operation to the nozzle valves 13.

From the foregoing it is apparent that since/.the auxiliary stage nozzles receive mo" tive fluid from the same source of supply as the admission nozzles, their ratio of expansion must be greater, so that the fluid discharged therefrom Will have the same or substantially the same pressure as that of the receiving stage. It is also obvious that the expansion of the nozzleorfnozzles discharging into the third stagefshould be greater than that of the nozzle or nozzles discharging into the second stage, because the pressure ics in the third stage is considerably lower than that in the second stage.

T he governing mechanism is so constructed and arranged that `the admission valves 13 are opened one aitei the other as theload increases, then the valve 26 is opened and finally the valve 27. Nhen the valves 13 are open the machine will be operating at its normal rated capacity, and when the valve 26 is open it will be operating at 50 per cent. overload; and when the valve 27 is open the ma chine will be operatingat 100 percent. over load.4 itis to be noted that these ,statements are based upon-the proposition that the normal full. load rating loff the machine is onehali' thetotalcapacity of the machine,v

Referring to Fig. 2 I have shown my. invention applied .to a six-stage horizontal machine wherein each stage is provided with tworows of Wheel buckets.4 This machine is so constructedand arranged that the first stage Willperform agreater amount of Werl; than any of' the'subsequent stages, and v'Eurtherinore the parts are so designed that the pressure in the first stage, even Whenvunder maximum load conditions, does not exceed 58 per cent.` of the` initial or boiler. pressure inl order tov revent a decrease in the ilow of .motive fluir` from the admission nozzles under` maximum load conditions.` 'ln other Words, the pressure in the 'first stage should be such that even though double the -amount of steam required.. for normal load conditions be discharged through the machine, the pressure in the lirst stage Will never be more than 58 per cent. of the initial pressure. When this conditionis observed the flow of steam. through the admission nozzles will not vbe reduced, even though the load on the machine be varied from normal. to 100 i per cent. overload. For example, `assuming that the machine isA intended to handle 235,000 foot pounds of energy per unit of time, then the first stage may be designed to handle 65,000 `foot pounds of energy and each 'of the remaining4 stages 34,000fl'oot pounds of energy per unit of time. This means thatthe expansion ratio of the ad' mission nozzles is greater than the expansion ratiov elY the main stage nozzles. For example, the admission nozzles maybe arranged to discharge motive Huid at 2050feet per second while the normal stage nozzles discharge fluid at1480.feet per second, the boiler pressurebeing- 165 pounds absolute.

l do not Wish to be understood as limiting myself to the iguresbove set'forth because the expansion ratio .the nozzles and thc lconditions of operation can be Widely .varied Without departing from the spirit ot'liny .in-.

ventlon. y. f j l Under the conditions of operation set ilortlrY above there will be a difference. in. stage pressure'between the full load and overload condition, butthis variation in pressure can effacer be maintained within certain prescribed limits. These limits may he small or com paratively larg, :ling upon the pre scribed cond ons oi opettion.-

30 represents the main shalt oi 'the tu bine upon which are nimmted bucket-cai ing Wheels 3l. ir lthe present inseoi these wheels are provided, all ci .vhi similarlin construe Yon. -wheel is -3ro vided with two rows et buckets Si tor il tionallyv abstracting the felocitv oli the i tive fluid. .iocated betacenfthe rows wheel buckr` /s are intcrn'iediave buckets which serve to reverse the direction. olt motive 'lluid and properly schargeit .a the adjacent buckets. The buckets e inclosed Within a casingl SAL. made up oi su table sections which are bolted or otlierwise secured together. The huid exhausts from the machine by the vconduit The valve chest 36 is bolted to the Ihead ,3T-ol the ma-` chine and is proifided th a conduit 38 tor admitting steam or other elastic iiuii' The admission nozzles 30 to the i'irst stage are ot the construction described connection with Fig. l, and are heit-ed to the head of the machine. The admission et motivo -fluid tothe nozzles controlled by separately `actuated valves as previously descr Led. Elastic Huid irom the valve chest issue ed l stage by; the conduit el located on the opposite side of the machine.` These conduits are best shown in iiig; 3. The construction of the nozzles may bethe same that pre viously described.

' In Fig. :l is vshown a construction whereinthejconduits or passages 42 which discharge live steam or other motive Yliuid totheauxiliary stage nozzles i3 are cored out et the wheel casing and are thus located entirely Within the machine distinguished from havingexternal conduits as shovvn in the previous iligures. le represents valve lor controlling the admission ci duid to the auniliary1 nozzle discharging into rthe second. stage. This valve is arranged to have an open and a closed position'but .no interinadiate, and is rcsponsii-*e to speed changes.

In Fig. 5 is shown a longitudinal section of the valve chest referred to inA connection with Fig; 4. 45 vrepresents the admission valves controlling` the admission' oi 'duid to the lirst stage` and /li'and 46 represent 'the valves controlling the adniissionfof iluid to the auxiliary nozzles.' The condiiits 42 and 47 shownv in'dctteizl tivefluiil ltr-.om 'valves auxiliary nozzlea 1 To the-under side oi the' wheel casing, (Figs. 27H3, 6 and Y), mlaed c which divided. inte compartmen .i and Alo to the nos convey momy avanti i the walls 50. These compartments are individually connected to the different stages with the exception of the last which is piped direct to thc condenser. Communication between the compartments is accomplished by passages 51, Fig. 7. vSituated within the casing and extending parallel with the base of the machine is a valve 52. This valve contains passages registering with pas- .r es 51 and when located in one position the water due to expansion and condensation can be 4blown from one stage to another. When rotated to its other position the valve closes all of the passages. At the right hand end. or' the casing 48 is a discharge pipe 53 which is connected to the condenser when the machine is operating condensing and to a suitable exhaust when the vturbine is in-l tended tor non-condensing service. .Locateshin` the pipe is a manually actuated valve 5l. ier controlling the passage .of 1Water through it. i I in Fig. 9 is shown one of the auxiliaryy stage nozzles 43 of Fig. 4 on an enlarged scale, the ratio of expansion between the throat 56 and the discharge end 57 being eX- aggerated for the purpose of illustration. In order that the diilcrence in expansion between the' main and auxiliary stage nozzles muy be clearly seen, i have shown in dotted lines 5S the opposed walls of one of the main stage nozzles. y

instead oi locating the wheels Within a ca ng made in a single structure with' diaphragms or partitions between, the Wheels muv be located in a casing eoniposed'of sepa- 'units with suitable connecting passages. Ly invention is also applicable to impact turbines where the direction of low is radial, and to turbines where the 'flow is both radial and axial. In general it may be stated that the direction ol" flow through the 'machine may in env desired direction.

l. have de bed a type of valve mechanism ulrich he; een found to be satisfactor r, but i do not wish to be understood as being limited thereto, for the reason that other forms ol governing mechanism may be used.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, Ihave described the principle of operation of my invention, to gether with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but l desire to have it understood that the arparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What 1' claim as new and desire to secure by Letters .Patent or' the United States, is:

l. In a turbine wherein the pressure of the motive fluid is converted into velocity and the energy abstracted by successive stages, 'the combination oi nozzles and. wheel buckets arranged in stages. and an auxiliary stage lions which receive and convert motive lluid of higher pressure than the main stage nozzles into velocity and discharge it against the wheel buckets.

4 2. An elastic-fluid turbine wherein the pressure of the motive luid is converted into velocity and the energy abstracted by successive stages, comprising admission and main stage nozzles, and wheel buckets for abstracting the velocity from the motive fluid, in combination with one or more auxiliary stage nozzles which receive motive lluid under higher pressure and have a greater ratio of expansion than the main stage nozzles and discharge it against the wheel buckets. l

,3. An elastic-fluid turbine wherein the pressure of the motive fluid is converted into velocity and the energy abstracted by successive stages, comprising admission and main ,stage nozzles, wheel buckets for abstracting the velocity from the motive fluid, and a chest from which the admission nozzle or nozzles receive their supply of motive luid, in combination with one or more auxiliary nozzles discharging into a lowpressure stage which receive motive Llluid from the chest and discharge it against the buckets, the said auxiliary stage nozzle or nozzles having agreater ratio of stage nozzles.

4.1m an elastic-Huid turbine wherein the pressure of the motive lluid is converted into velocity and the energy abstracted by successive stages, the combination of wheel buckets, a nozzle for converting the pressure of motive fluid into velocity and discharging itagainst the buckets, a second nozzlehaving a greater ratio of expansion than the which also discharges motive fluid against the same buckets, and means for rendering one nozzle active for certain load conditions, and for rendering both nozzles active for greater load conditions.

5. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of two or more bucket wheels, a separate compartment for each Wheel, admission nozzles for the iirst stage, nozzles between expansion than the main vstages which convert a certain amount of the pressure of the motive fluid in the first stage into velocity and dischar e it against the wheel buckets ofthe secon stage, and one or more auxiliary, stage nozzles which receive motive lluid under a pressure exceedin that in the first stage and after converting 1t into velocity discharge it against the wheel buckets of the second stage at a pressure the Vsame .or substantiallyE the same as that existing in said. second stage.

6. An elastic-Huid turbine wherein the pressure of the motive lluid is converted into velocity and the-energy abstracted by successive stages, comprising admission and main stage nozzles and. Wheel buckets for abstracting the velocity from the motive fluid, in combinationiwith auxiliary stage nozzles which discharge 4motive huid against the Wheel buckets of a lov'v pressure stage or stages at a velocity 'greater than that due to the main stage nozzles, and asource of elastic iluid tor the auxiliary staffe nozzlesthe pressure oi` which exceeds the pressure oi the fluid in the stages. I Y

7. In an elastic-huid turbine wherein the pressure of themotive iluid is converted into velocity and the energjyv abstracted by successive stages, the combination of Wheel buckets and nozzles arranged in stages `for handling the load on the machine up to a certain point, means for carrying motive tluid around a high-pressure stage when the load increases above said point, and auxiliary stage nozzles "Which are cut oil from the other nozzles and discharge motive iluid received from said means against the Wheel buckets. 4

8. ln an elastic-fluid turbine wherein the pressure of the motive iluid is converted into velocity and the energy abstracted by successive stages, the combination of Wheel buckets arranged in separate compartments, nozzles between stages which are always open thereto, one or more auxiliary stage nozzle: Which are closed against the entrance of luotive fiuid from the stages, means for supplying motive fluid directly from. a source of supply to the auxiliary stage nozzles, and valve mechanism for governing the admissilon of liuid tothe auxiliary nozzle or nozz es.. f

9. n elastic-huid turbine in which the pressure of the motive fluid is converted into velocity and the energy abstracted by successive stages, comprising admission and main stage nozzles, with Wheel buckets located adjacent tothe nozzles and actcdupon by the fluid therefrom, the said wheel buckets being arranged in separate ages or coinpartments, in combination with auxiliary stage nozzles for one or more oi the lon' pressure stages having an expansion ratio greater than that of the main stage nozzles, valve mechanism for czontrolling` the admission of high-pressure motive fluid to the admission nozzles for certain load conditions and to the admission and auxiliary stage nozzles lor other load conditions, and a-device responding to load conditions for actuating the valve mechanism. i

il). ln'nn elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a )olnralitfyr of Vous of wheel buchets tor abstracting the velocity of the motive `lluid, means for separating the Wheel easing into separate compartments, nozzles for admitting fluid to the 'lirst stage, main stage nozzles which convey fluid from one stage to the next, auxiliary stage nozzles ,which are cut oil from the main stage nozzles and have a greater ratio of expansion,the said :nain and auxiliary stage nozzles colnierating to drive the wheel buckets, a valve chestcom.-

avancez mon to the admission nozzles and to the auxiliary stage nozzles, a plurality of valves located in the chest for controlling the pass e ci motive fluid therefrom, and a means 'or successively actuating the said valves.

l1. ln an elastic-llnid turbine, the combination oi' a casing divided into stages Aorcornpartrnents, rows of' wheel buckets in each sta e for abstracting the velocity ci the motive uid. by successive fractions, admissionnozzled, lnain stage nozzles located between wheel compartments, auxiliary stage nozzles acting upon an increase in loadto discharge motive fluid under high velocity to the low-pressure stage buckets, and a "valve mechanism and speed-responsive device which are common to the admission and auxiliary stage nozzles.

l2. ln an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination ci plurality'of rows of wheel buckets arranged in separate compartments' or stages, main stage nozzles receiving fluid from one staffe and discharging itinto another, a supp y chest, nozzles receiving fluid Yfrom the chest and discharging it into one stage, auxiliary stage nozzles which are cut oli' from the main stage nozzles and have a' different ratio of expansion, and conduits extending from the source of supplj,7 which shunt one or more stages and discharge motive vfluid at high pressure to the auxiliary stage nozzles. t 4

13. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a pluralityv of stages, each stage being provided with suitable nozzles and wheel ion buckets, with auxiliary stage nozzles acting constructednd arranged that the pressure in the first stage does not exceed 58 per cent. ot the initial pressure, and an auxiliary stage nozzle for one oi thc stages, which has a greater expansion ratio than the main stage nozzle or nozzles discharging into said stage.

l5. ln an elastic-huid turbine, the combination of a easing divided into compartments, bucket Wheels therein, admission and main and auxiliary stage nozzles which discharge motive llnid against the buckets to produce rotation, the main and auxiliary stage nozzles having different ratios of expansion, a valve mechanism which controls the admissun of live motive iiuid tor the admission and also to the auxiliarv stage nozzles. and. a speed responsive. device controlling thc acti-cn of the valve mechanism.

i5. in an elasticiluid turbina-,the combiand wheel buckets for the sta es, the said nation oi a lurality of sta es,f each Vstage devices and wheel buckets of t e first stage being provi ed with suitab e nozzles and being constructed to develop a ,greater 40 wheel ucliets, auxiliary stage nozzles for amount of WorkA for a given supply of'iluid e stages oi successively decreasing pressure than those of a subsequent stage, an auxwhich directly discharge fiuid against the iliary stage nozzle, a conduit for supplying v Wheel buckets, the ratio of expansion of the high pressure 'fluid thereto, and a governor auxiliary stage nozzles successively increascontrolled valve for regulating the passage of .45y

ing toward the exhaust and being greater in iluid through the conduit. is each instance than that oi themain nozzles 20. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combiin said stave, and means for controlling the nation of a casing Which'is divided into compassage jobhigh pressure motive fluid. to the partments, wheels in said compartments,. auxiliary stage nozzles. v passages leading from one compartment to 50 i7. An elastic iiuid turbine, comprising a another through which the water due to eX- i5 plurality or" stages, iiuid discharging devices pansion and condensation may pass, and a and wheel buckets 'for the stages, the said valvewhich is common to said passages.I devices inthe iirst stage producing a greater 21. Inan elastic fluid turbine wherein the drop in pressure than those of the succeeding pressure of the motive fluid is converted into 5'5 stages, in combination with auxiliary stage velocity and thefenergy abstracted by suc- 2e nozzles-willich havea greater expansion ratio ce'ssive stages, the combination of wheel than the 'niain stage nozzles, and conduits Abuckets arranged in theI separate stage comfor supplying motive fluid thereto. pertinents, fluid-discharging devices between 1S. iene. elastic fluid turbine, comprising a the stage` compartmentswhichare always 60 plurality oit' stages, fluid discharging devices open thereto, one or more auxiliary stage and wheel buckets for the stages, thesaid fluid discharging devices which discharge devices in the 'first stage producing a greater fluid directly to Wheel buckets and are closed drop in pressure than those of the succeeding against receiving motive fluid from the stages, in combination with auxiliary stage stages, and a conduit for sup lying motivo 65 nozzles which are prevented from receiving fluid to the said auxiliary disoliarging device ymotive fluid from the precedin@P stage, and or devices. valve controlled means for suppyinginotive In Witness whereof 1 have hereunto set iliiid tp hese nozles at a plress'ure above my hand this 7th day of April, 1905. t at o t e rece 1n Y sta re, tie inain sta e nozzles receiging iluiil at lie pressure of said OSC-AR JUNGGREN' 35 preceding stage. Witnesses:

19. An elastic fluid turbine, comprising a BENJAMIN B. HULL, plurality of stages, iluid discharging devices HELEN ORFORD.

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