US863526A - Rock-breaker. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED AUG. 13, l9( )7.

J. B. FREEMAN. ROCK BREAKER. APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 8, 1905.

BSHEETS-SHEET l.

THE NORRIS PETERS COH'WASHINGTON, D c.

No. 863,526. PATENTED AUG.13, 1907. J. B. FREEMAN. ROCK BREAKER.

APPLIOATION FILED 13150.8. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENT-ED AUG. 13, 1907.

J. B. FREEMAN. ROCK BREAKER. APPLIOATIOK FILED DEO.B. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Q' ho "13 "ohms PETERS'CQ, WASHINGTON, v. c.

JAMES B. FREEMAN, or Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

ROCK-BREAKER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 13, 1907.

Application filed December 8, 1905. Serial No. 290,864.

A further object of the invention is to provide a.

machine for this purpose which will break the rock substantially along natural lines of cleavage or crystallization.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine for this purpose which will break rock into a granular and clean condition with a minimum of dust or slimes.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine for this purpose which will subject the rock to a rolling action and a lateral shearing or twisting strain, thereby accomplishing the results above referred to.

The invention comprises a machine having jaw members so pivoted and operated as to have a relative oblique shearing movement of approach and recession, with reverse lateral or parallel movement.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention, and referring thereto:Figure 1 is a plan of the ma chine. Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof. Fig 3 is a vertical section on line 32 in Fig. 1. Fig. i is a vertical section on line 1 in Fig. 2v Figs. 5 and 6 are plans of different forms of the invention adapted for the smaller size of rock.

The machine comprises a base or frame 1, a plurality, in this case two, jaw members 2, 3, pivotally mounted on said base by vertical pivots or fulcrums 4, 5, and operating means connected to said jaw members. The frame 1 is formed with standards 6 on the outer sides of the working portions of the jaw members, the top of said standards being connected by a removable top plate 7 fastened on the base 1 by bolts 8, and the pivots or fulcrums 4, 5, of the jaw members extend through and are journaled in the bottom plate 1 of the base and in this top plate 7. The jaw members 2, 3, are preferably formed with removable jaw plates or faces 9, the said jaw members being provided with seats or recesses 10 to receive and support said jaw plates, the seats or recesses being inclined so that the space between them is flared upwardly or is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so that the jaw plates 9, being inclined, rest in these seats by gravity. The front or working faces of said jaw plates may have ribs 10 to enable them to more effectually take hold of and operate on the material to be broken. Bottom plate 1 has an opening 1 for the discharge of broken rock. Jaw members 2, 3 have flange extensions 2, 3, 2 3, the flanges 2, 3, being cast integral with the respective members, and the flanges 2, 3 being bolted thereto as at 16. Each of said flanges is wider or extends further at the top to correspond with the divergence of the opposite jaw face, these flanges closing the space or rock receiving chamber 12 at each enc.

The top plate 7 has an opening or passage 11 formed therein above the chamber or space 12 between the jaw plates 9, said opening being substantially the same dimensions as said chamber or space. The top of said plate is formed with a ridge or flange 13, serving to retain and guide the ore on or onto said top plate and into the opening or passage therein. This flange also serves to strengthen the top plate, and a similar flange 14 may be provided on the base portion 1. The frame 1 and top 7 may be formed of castiron and to strengthen the same, may be provided with reinforcing bands 15, cast or sln'unk thereon around the flanges 13, 14.

The operating means for the jaw members comprises a driving shaft 17 journaled in bearings 18 on the base or frame 1, and carrying a suitable driving pulley 19 and an eccentric 20 provided with a strap block 23, mounted on the link 21 formed of a bar bent in U-shape, the said strap block being preferably divided, and secured in a bend of the link 21 and the key 22 being inserted through a slot in link 21 and engaging one of the parts of the divided strap block to hold the same in place, said key being held and adjusted by a set screw 24. At its outer end the link 21 is connected by a pivot or swing bolt connection 25 to a block 26 journaled or rotatably mounted on a journal 27 extending from the shank 28 of the jaw member 2. A similar journal 29 formed on the corresponding shank of the jaw member 3 passes freely between the upper or lower members of the link 21, and is connected to the shank 27 aforesaid by straps or bars 30 extending above and below journal blocks 31, 32 on the respective journals and connected thereto by bolts or pivot pins 33;

In order to provide for the slight angular movement of the bar 21 relatively to the eccentric, the bearing of the latter in the eccentric strap block is made spheroidal or with a curvature longitudinal of the axis thereof.

The ribs 10 on the jaws may consist of hard steel bars fastened on the jaw plates by rivets 10. When the jaw plates are worn, the ribs or bars 10 can be removed and replaced by new ones. Said jaw plates may however be smooth as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

The jaw faces 9 and the side faces or flanges 2, 3, etc., form a rock receiving chamber, whose length is that of the faces 9, and whose width is that of the faces 2, 3, etc., this width increasing from bottom to top of the chamber. Pivots or fulcrums 4, 5 are located back of the jaw faces and are offset in a direction parallel to the length of the jaws, being dissymmetrically located on opposite sides of a median plane, indicated at .t-a midway between the jaw faces, one of said fulcrums being nearer one end of the rock receiving chamber,

nd the other fulcrum being nearer the other end of said chamber. Each jaw lies mainly to one side of the radial plane, indicated at y1, transverse to the jaw faces, namely, to the side toward the fulcrum of the other jaw, and each jaw face is oblique to the line joining the fulcrum centers. tric, the jaws occupy the positions shown in full lines in Fig. 1. As the eccentric bar moves to the left, the jaws rock or deflect simultaneously in opposite directions, by a more or less parallel movement in an oblique shearing direction, to the position shown in dotted lines, this movement having a component of recession or separation of the parts and a component lengthwise of the jaws and lateral with respect to the recessive movement. This separation of the jaws allows the stone to fall further into the rock receiving chamber. Then the movement is reversed by the eccentric and the jaws swing in opposite directions obliquely toward one another, by an oblique, more or less parallel movement of approach, this movement consisting of a component of approach and a component of lateral or lengthwise movement, giving a resultant shearing action on the stone.

Rotation of the driving shaft 17 will effect through the above named connections a vibratory or oscillatory movement of the jaw members 2, 3 on their respective pivots or fulcrums 4, 5. The pivots 4, 5 of the respective jaw member 2, 3, being located back of the jaw faces, it follows that the oscillatory movement, above referred to, results in said faces 9 swinging lengthwise of said chamber in opposite directions, and said pivots or fulcrums being offset in the direction of the length of the chamber so that each jaw face 9 lies mostly to one side of the plane extending from the pivotal center thereof transverse to the jaw face. The jaw face in this swinging movement will have in addition to its movement lengthwise of said rock receiving chamber, a movement in a transverse direction, or to and from the other jaw face, and as the center of the working face of each jaw is offset from the pivotal center thereon in a direction toward the working center of the other jaw, these movements of approach and recession of the two jaws are in correspondence, the two jaws moving toward one another simultaneously and then moving away from one another simultaneously. The combination or resultant of these two movements, viz., lengthwise movement of the jaw faces in opposite directions, and transverse movement of said faces also in opposite directions, produces a relative slantwise movement of the jaw faces which may be defined as relative oblique shearing movement of the jaws. A rock being placed in this rock receiving chamber is arrested by the downwardly converging walls or faces 9 thereof, and in the movement of said faces is subjected to a strain tending to press one face or side of the rock laterally in one direction, and the other'side of the rock laterally in the opposite direction, while at the same time sufficient pressure is exerted on the rock by the slantwise approach of the faces to enable the faces to grip thereon and bring the lateral shearing action thereof into full play. This action has a tendency to roll, twist or turn In the median position of the eccenthe rock, whereby it is successively subjected to strains in different angular planes throughout the mass thereof. Substantially all rocks and ores have more or less crystalline structure, or at least a tendency to break more freely along certain planes of cleavage, and when the ore is turned in this manner so as to exert the strains successively in different directions therein, the rock will eventually be brought into a position where the strain from the jaws is exerted in the most favorable direction, that is to say, in a direction to shear along the planes of cleavage, or in the direction of the least resistanceof the rock. When presented to the jaws in this manner, the amount of force required to break the rock is small compared to that required for direct compression. Independently of this action, the shearing or twisting effect due to the offset of the jaws and of their lateral movement in opposite directions is of direct advantage in minimizing the power required in breaking and in the completeness or cleanness of the fracture. With direct compression jaws, even if the rock be presented in the most favorable direction, the pressure of the jaws cannot be exerted so favorably as if the jaws had the lateral shearing movement. If the plane of cleavage were transverse to the planes of the jaws, the movement of the jaws toward one another would have no component in a direction tending to separate the rock along the planes of cleavage. If the plane of cleavage were parallel to the planes of contact with the jaws, the pressure would be such as to press the rock together instead of to separate it along the plane of cleavage. If the planes of cleavage are diagonally directed in reference to the jaw faces, there will be a tendency of the direct compression to slide the rock particles diagonally on one another along the planes of cleavage, but it is apparent that only a part or component of the total force exerted is effective for this purpose, whereas by exerting a shearing strain on opposite sides of the rock, substantially the whole strain may be brought parallel to the planes of cleavage and therefore be rendered effective in splitting the rock along said planes. If a rock'were of absolute uniform crystalline or laminar structure throughout, this shearing action would result in simultaneous disintegration of the rock throughout its mass, but as such uniformity does not exist, the rock will split or break along the weakest plane or planes. Nevertheless the strain produced throughout the mass of rock along the planes of cleavage will weaken the same, even where no breakage occurs, so that the rock is left in condition for more effective action of subsequent breaking operations.

The dimensions of the machine will depend on the size of rock to be broken, the rock receiving chamber being of such size as to allow the largest rock to fall into engagement within and between its walls. A series or battery of such rock breakers may be provided, each one taking the discharge from the preceding one and breaking to a smaller size, suitable screen devices being used if necessary, as well known in the art, between the operation of successive breakers. In applying the invention to the latter stages of the operation, and in general in breaking small sizes of rock, it may be desirable to use jaw members arranged in gangs, as shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6. Thus in Fig. 5, each of the jaw members 2, 3 is mounted in similar manner to that above set forth, all of said sets being mounted on a common base 1 and provided with a common top or feed plate 7, and the jaw members 2, 3 being mounted on offset fulcrums 4, 5, and operated in unison by connecting straps or links 30 connecting the jaw members of each pair and by straps 40 pivotally connected to one of the jaw members of each pair and connected to the operating frame bar 21 operated by the shaft 17. The sets of jaw members are arranged side by side so that the rock receiving top plate 7 extends in a direction transverse to the length of the jaws, thus giving a comparatively compact construction.

In Fig. 6 another arrangement is shown where the jaw members 2, 3 are pivoted on fulcrums 4", 5" on the frame 1 and top plate 7 thejaw faces and jaw members extending longitudinally of the top plate and frame, and the respective sets of jaw devices being arranged end to end, each set being operated from the common driving shaft 17 by a driving strap 21 links 30 being provided to connect two jaws of each set.

What I claim is: l

1. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members pivotally mounted on vertical fulcrums, and means connecting said jaw members to cause them to oscillate simultaneously on said fulcrums, the fulcrums of the jaw members being offset in the direction of the length of the jaws so that in their swinging movement the jaws will move in opposite directions lengthwise of the jaws and will simultaneously move toward or from one another. said jaw members being formed with downwardly converging crushing faces.

2. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with vertical fulcrums and with downwardly converging jaw faces. and means connected to the respective jaw mem bors to oscillate the same simultaneously, the fulcrums of the jaw members being located so that the working faces of the jaws will oscillate simultaneously and oppositely in a movement of relative oblique recession or approach.

A rock breaker colnprising two pivotally mounted jaw members provided with downwardly converging jaw faces to receive the material to be crushed and to allow such material to move between the jaw faces in a direction transverse to the plane of pivotal movement of the jaws, and means connected to the respective jaw members to oscillate the same simultaneously. the fulcrums being olfset in direction of length of the jaw faces, so that the pivotal movement of the jaws produces a relative lon gitudinal movement of the jaw faces in addition to their movement of approach and recession. 4. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with pivotal fulcrums whereby the jaw members are mounted to oscillate in a horizontal plane and with downwardly converging; jaw faces located between the fulcrums and extending obliquely to the line joining the fulcrums, the fulcrums and jaw faces being transverse to the plane of movement of the jaw members and means for oscillating the jaw members.

5. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with working faces located on opposite sides of a median plane. and provided with vertical fulcrums located dis symmetrically on the opposite sides of said plane and back of the respective jaw members and means for oscillating the jaw members on their fulcrums.

(i. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with working faces located on opposite sides of a median plane and provided with vertical fulcrums located on opposite sides of said plane and more remote therefrom than the jaws, said fulcrums being offset horizontally in a direction parallel to said plane.

7. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with fulcrum means and with jaw faces extending in planes between said fulcrum means, each jaw face being mainly to one side of a radial plane normal to said faces, and the said radial planes of the said jaw members being ofiset so that the jaws are in opposition.

S. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members having opposing working faces forming a rock receiving chamber and provided with fulcrums back of said faces, said fulcrums being offset longitudinally of said chamber said jaw members having longitudinally extending arms and oscillatory operating means connected to move said arms in unison.

l). A rock breaker comprising two jaw members having opposing working faces. forming between them a rock receiving chamber. and provided with fulcrums located back of said faces. the fulcrum for one jaw member being nearer one end of the chamber and the other fulcrum being nearer the other end of the chamber. and operating means c011- nected to the said jaw members for vibrating the same siinultaneously.

10. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members having opposing working faces, forming between them a rock receiving chamber. and having flanges extending beyond the said faces to form the ends of said chamber, and provided with fulcrums located back of said faces, the fulcrum for one jaw member being nearer one end of the chamber, and the other fulcrum being nearer the other end of the chamber, and operating means connected to the said jaw members for vibrating the same simultaneously.

11. A rock breaker comprsing two jaw members having opposing working faces, forming between them a rock receiving chamber. and provided with fulcrums located back of said faces the fulcrum for one jaw member being nearer one end of the chamber and the other fulcrum being nearer the other end of the chamber, operating means connected to the said jaw members for vibrating the same simultaneously. said operating means comprising arms on the jaw members, a link connection between said arms. a driving shaft. and means connected to be oscillated by said shaft and connected to one of said arms.

12. A rock breaker comprising jaw members having opposing downwardly converging jaw faces forming between them a rock receiving chamber, and provided with vertical fulcrums back of said jaw faces, and with arms extending from said members, and oscillatory operating means con nected to said arms to oscillate same in unison to cause reverse movements of the jaw faces in an oblique shearing direction.

13, A rock breaker comprising jaw members having opposing jaw faces forming between them a rock receiving chamber, and provided with fulcrums back of said jaw faces. and with arms extending from said members, and oscillatory operating means connected to said arms to oscillate same in unison to cause reverse movements of the jaw faces in an oblique shearing direction, said jaw members having jaw plates. each jaw plate comprising a back plate having grooves, and rib-bars detachably fastened in said grooves, said rib-bars being of harder material than said back plates.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 27th day of November, 1905.

JAMES B. FREEMAN.

In presence of Au'rmra P. KNIGHT. Vnnxa A. Tannnn'r.

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