US830900A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED SEPT. 11

0. JUNGGRBN. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED IEB,25. 1905.

s S'HEETSSHBBT 1.

/r7 1 6772307": Oscar" L/un y W No. 830,900. PATENTED SEPT. 11, 1000,

0. JUNGGREN.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEBV25, 1905.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Witnesses:

My 0 scar'dyg PATENTED SEPT. 11, 1906.

' O. J UNGGREN. .ELASTIO FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED PEB=25, 1905.

6 SHEETSSHEET 3 Witnesses:

/r7 venbori' Oscan/uh F677,

1 Many.

No. 880,900. PATENTED SEPT. 11, 1906.

O. JUNGGREN. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB,25,1905.

' e SHEETS-SHEET 4.

/r7 vehtor:

. may.

PATENTED SEPT. 11, 1906. O. JUNGGREN. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.25,1905.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

No. 830,900. PATENTED SEPT. 11, 1906.

0. JUNGGREN. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FIL ED FEB. 25, 1905 8 SHEBTS-SHEET 6.

To all whom; it mag concern.-

UNITED STATE PATENT yFFIGE.

OSCAR .ruiveeaEn-or SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.-

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 11, 1906.

Application filed February 25,1905. Serial in. 247,327

Beit known that I, OSCAR JUNGGR N, a

citizen'of the United States, residing at Schen-' ectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements' in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of

which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to elastic- 'fluid turbines, and has. for its object to improve their efficiency and also to simplify and improve their construction.

In carrying out my invention the turbine is divided into a plurality of stages, the num- I ber varying somewhat with changes in the opcrating conditions. -Each stage is provided With'a bucket-wheel and nozzles or nozzlesections of the proper form to discharge steam or other elastic fluid against the bucketaction of the bucketsand other parts and the surface friction between the parts and the surrounding fluid is greater in the former instancethan in the latter. In order to reduce these losses as much as possible in the earlier stages, the wheelsare made as small in diameter as is consistent with the power to be developed. thereby, While the Wheels of the .later stages working in a vacuum more or less great are made considerably larger in disure stages. this type of turbine should travel at half the ameter. The wheels are mounted on the same shaft, and therefore the bucket speed of the wheels of the high-pressure stages is less than that of the Wheels of the low-pres- Theoretically the buckets in speed of the fluid-stream; but, since this would mean excessive rotation losses in the earlier stages due to high bucket speeds it becomes impracticable and insome cases prohibitive. In order to compensate for the reduced bucket speed, the wheels of each stage are provided with two or more rows of buckets, each row taking its share 'of energy from the motive fluid, and in this manner each stage will do its share of the work. Between the rows of'wheel-buckets are intermediate buckets for conveying. fluid exhausting from one row to the next. In the later or low-pressure stages the speed of the bucket-wheel may be made considerab y higher,. owing to the existence of a vacuum or greatly-reduced pressure and density of the fluidi Hence a single row of buckets in each stage suffices to abstract the velocity from the fluid-stream due 'to the preceding nozzle; In these stages, as in the earlierones, the motive fluid is renozzled between sta es and-the pressure converted into velocity before striking the buck- The number of stages provided with a ets. single row of wheel-buckets is governed principally by the desired efficiency of the machine and also by the bucket speed. Other things being equal, the higher the bucket speed the fewer will be the stages.

By properly proportioning the nozzles and buckets the 'stages in-theturbine may be made to perform equal amounts of work, which I consider to be the preferred arrangement but, if desired, the stages may be arranged to perform unequal amounts of work.

The high-pressure stages are formed by a casing and diaphragms which, are seated on separate shoulders cast integral with the cas- In order to permit the parts to be assembled and taken down, the casing is divided in axial planes into two, three, or more parts, each of which will expose thewheels by moving it outwardly in a radial direction after "taking outft-he retaining-bolts; The low-pressure stages are formed by a casing and diaphragms which rest one upon the other, the last diaphragm resting upon orengaging with a shoulder cast integral with the casing. The portion of the casing forthe low-pressure stages ispreferably formed in a single piece, thereby dispensing with all joints, except where it is united to the'pther portion of the casing. Inthis manner the troubles dueto leakage are obviated and the cost and amount of labor involved in' buildare materially reduced. j

.Each of the low-pressure diaphragms is provided with a circumferential flan e which, so to speak, incloses the wheel'and I nishes a seat for the adjacent diaphragm of hi her pressure. In this way one] shoulder su ces .to support all of the low-pressure diaphragms,

and the construction of the turbine as a employed to prevent the/diaphragms cm.

leaving their seats when the pressure is remove In assembling thelow-pressure portion of the turbine the lower part of the casing is mounted on the foundation, then the shaft is mounted in place, then a wheel is mounted on the shaft, then a diaphr'agm'is mounted in place, then'a wheel, and so on. In taking down the machine the reverse order is followed. The active portion of the Wheels and. the area covered by the nozzles in the entire.

machine gradually increases from the admissionto the exhaust.

- Motivefluid is pfeferably admitted to the turbine by a plurality of independent and successively-actuated valves which are under "stage-valves are employed which respond automatically to pressure chan es, and by the control of a speed-responsive device. The valves may be controlled electromagnet' ically by. fluid-pressure or mechanically, as

desired. The valve may be operated directly or through a relay mechanism. I may also use other principles of governing."

Between two, three, or more of the stages controlling the passa e of fluid t ough nozzles-or other fluid-disc arging devices tend to maintain the pressure in the stages constant.

creasin tained y any suitable meanssuch, for eX- arnple', as by changing the initial compressions of their opposing springs. Between some or all of the stages I may provide one or more valves which by-pass motive fluid from one stage to another without its doing useful work. These valves may be used with or without the stagewvalves and respond automaticallyto pressure changes. It or they control one or more passages leadin from one stage to another, either to an a jacent one or to those more remote. The valves preferably operate successively. This successive actuationof the valves. may be attained by any suitable means-such, for example, as by weightingthem diflerently by giving difl'erent initial compressions to their op osing springs.

valves in groups and to locate the groups equidistant about the turbine-casing. This arrangement while satisfactory where magnets with their flexible wires are employed to operate the valves is unsatisfactory where the valves are positively operated by mechanical' means, because of undue complication and excessive number of parts. To ob viate this difliculty, I arrange the nozzles in 5 groups or sets about the .wheels and space t is customary to arrange the admissionthem equidistant'or otherwise as before and form in the head or diaphragnis of the machine, or both, fluid-carrying passages extending from the nozzles toward a common point. These passages are connected at said point to one or more steam-chests. Whereseparate chests are provided, they are preferably located in the same plane and as close together as possible. Each passage is under the control of a valve, and the latteris controlled by a speed-responsive device. By coring the passages or conduits in the head the machine-work is simplified and the losses due to radiation and condensation are small. Where it is desired to govern other stages after the first, the same arrangement can be.

followed wholly or in part, depending upon the conditions of operation, active area of wheels, &c.

The volume of steam or other elastic fluid passing through the low-pressure stages of a turbine is very large compared to tha't in the high-pressure stage. It is of course dependent upon the volume originally supplied and the diflerence in terminal pressure". Owing to the very large volume of fluid'at low pressure and density, dilflculty is experienced in properly directing it through the buckets. If the stationary or intermediate buckets are comparatively widely spaced, the steam may be and frequently is discharged at an im' proper angle, resulting in objectionable eddies and a loss in efficiency; Where the wheel-buckets are too widely spaced, some of .the fluid-pressure passes through the spaces without doing. useful-work.- Onthe other I hand, if the buckets are placed close together,

so as to get a better directive effect, the total cross-sectional area of the bucket-spaces will be too small and cause choking unless the wheel or intermediate support is very large in diameter. In order, therefore,to obviate the losses specified and at the same time obtain the full effect of the motive fluid, Ipro- .vide a special construction forthelow-prea sure stages or stage. ..The high-pressure stages may be made in any suitable manner. I have found that two wheels per stage form a satisfactory construction. Some or all of the low-pressure stages ha ve'wheels provided with a single row ofbuckets, and situated between two adjacent wheels is what I term a half-diaphragm. This diaphragm, instead of extending from the casing to the hub. of'the wheel, as usual, extends only about half of this distance. The adjacent'wheels are bolted or otherwise secured to a common support, which. is-provided with a'sr'nooth peripheral surface cooperating. with'the inner surface of the half-diaphragm. The surfaces of the support and diaphragm are made relatively long in the direction-0f the shaft to reduce leakage. Specialpacking can also be employed, if desired. This construction has the further advantage of p21".- riding a stiff 13ctorted due to any cause.

construction which is not liable tobe-disf,

I may use this arrangement in one or more of the stages of higher pressure, if desired. If the support for the low-pressure wheels, which is carried by the main shaft, extended to a point close to the buckets, the pressure difference be-. tween the upper side of one wheel and the under side of the other (assuming, for exa'niple, that the invention is applied to a vertical-shaft machine) wouldbe prohibitive in care of, even in machines of large capacity the case of large machines. By using a halfdiaphragm and a support for the wheel-disks that extends only part. way; from the shaft to the buckets the pressure. difierence is reduced to a point where it can readily be taken having wheels ofconsiderable diameter.

' The half-diaphragm issupported by a cir-,

In the half-diaphragm are nozzles or fluid discharging devices, which are made considerably longer than the intermediates, and

nozzles of higher pressure to properly direct the fluid particles against the wheel-buckets and preserve the continuity of the fluid 'col-' umn: In fact, with this construction I am able to make the nozzle as long as is desired.

cumfei'ential shoulder on the inside ofthe casing and in 'turn supports certain of the diaphragnis above it. Some. or all of'the' diaphragms are preferably provided with circumferential walls. or projections which engage the wheel and prevent the buckets the clearance between buckets.

from being injured, due to shifting' of the wheel or distortion from any cause; The clearance between the finished-edge surface of the wall and the wheel should be less than wall or projection is continuous. and forms a ring, it may assist in keeping' the steam ex hausting from' the bucketsout of the space around the shaft'and hub, and thereby pre- .venting or reducing the losses due to crosscurrents. The steam leaving the buckets has a certainamount of residual velocity- ;which acts after -the fashion of an injector I and tends to keep steam out of the central wheel-buckets, and preferably at a point or portion of the wheel chamb'er. A

In order to prevent the steam or other m0 tive fluid exhausting from the buckets from striking the wall or walls-of the casing and rebounding and opposing the rotation of the wheel orwheels, partitions between the bowls of the nozzle-sections are provided,

which extend into close proximity with the points as nearlyas possible in line with the 1 preceding nozzleor nozzles.

- In the accompanying; drawings, showing certain embodiments o my invention, Figure 1 is an axial section of a vertical turbine.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a head or diaphragm,

showing the arrangement of the passagesfor conveying fluid from theadmission' or controlling valves .to the fluid-discharging de- When the" :vices. 3 is a detailsectional view showing the pass'a esor conduits in the head or diaphragm. big. 4 is a transverse section of the turbine, showing amodified arrangement I of thestage-pressurecontrolling valves. Fig. 5 is an axial section of a turbine, showing a modified form of diaphragm. I Fig. 6- is a;

similar view showing 1 means {for confining the motivev fluid to its normal path and preventing cross-currents or eddies'. .Fig. 7 is a .75 .detail view showing means for preventing tion oftlie stage or by-passvalves, and Eigsvalves located in the same casing. 3 v 1 represents the base of the machine, which is ma e, in a single casting and issupported 10 is a detail view showing a .plurality of by a suitable foundation 2. Steam ,or other elastic fluid is exhaustedfromithecasingi by a conduit3. The central portion of the is arranged. toreceivethe detachable stepas v bearing 4', lubricating fluid being supplied; j

thereto in any suitable manner." Rising vertically above the step-bearing is the main shaft 5, upon which are mounted wheels 16, eachcarrying buckets. The radial depth of these buckets increaseslso'mewhat from the high to the low pressure wheels. The b 11(;k. I

. ets for the low-pressure wheels are provided with a basespiece 7, which 'isT-shaped in cross-section, and the projecting-portion eners a peripheral oove or openin in the gr g wheel'a-nd is. retained in lace by a bolt or irivet.- The interior'of the ase portion of the casing is provided with a circumferential shoulder 8, upon which the lowest dia hragni 9 rests. This diaphragm is provided circumferential flange 10, which, so to. speak, incloses the wheel and. forms a part of "the ICC wheel-chamber; In other words, the diaphragm' forms one side and thesurrounding .Wall a wheelchamber, the other-side being formed by the diaphragrmlocated above it. All the diaphragms in the low-pressure stages, with the exception of the one at the top, are similar in construction, and each diaphragm rests upon ,the flange of the adjacent lowerpressure diaphragm. These diaphragms are normally held in place by their own Wei ht, and when the machine is in operation tey are held in the position shown by the fluid' pressure thereon.

.The upper portion of'theWheel-caseis into two or more pieces, the joints between the pieces being in axial planes. The upper surface of the lower half ofthe casing is i'shed to receivet'he lower surface of the upper half of thecasing. Between the two parts of the casing is a shoulderll to assist in aliniiig and securing. the parts. Mounted on. top'of made in the form of a cylindei'and is divided i the upper portion .of the casing is a head which forms one wall of the upper stage and supports the valve-chest 13." The center of the head is .bored out to receive the. main shaft and carries a'carbon packmg-rmg 14,

which closely surrounds the sleeve of the, shaft and iscontinually urged upward by the springs and by any steam-which leaks into the packing c'harnber. Suitable packings are also provided between each of the diaphragms and the hub of the wheel. The upper portion of the casing is provided with a v circumferential shoulder 16, that projects underneathone of the Wheels and overhangs'an- This shoulder forms a support for the uppermost diaphragm and in addition is'pro other.

vided with a number of passages 1 7, as shown 21c 18. The numberof these passages and Situated between the wheel-buckets are intermediate buckets 19, which are secured in place by the same bolts that hold the H02- zle 18 in position. Byjreason of this con- 'struction asingle set of bolts suffices for-both purposes.

Upon the upper side of the shoulder 16 is a finished projection forcan'ying one .or more sets of intermediate buckets'20',.the

' latter being situated between the rows of buckets on the first wheel. The casing -is "also provided with another internal shoulder I f 21, which supports a diaphragm 22 ,the latter being somewhat largerin diameter than the one previously referred to. In this instance the nozzle is let into a, circumferentialgroove place by bolts.

on the low-pressure side and is secured in shoulder 21 is bolted one or more sets of intermediate buckets.

i .In order to maintain the pressure in the f several stages substantially constant, one, two

. .01 more stage-valves 23 are provided'which control the passage of fluid from one stage-to the next.

'- these valves are shown between the first and 11 order. to obtain this 'S11CCSS1V6 operation, the

compression on the springs 24,,are suitably arranged'that is to say, the'compression on cummin is greater than that on the other. It will be noted that when the valve leaves its .seat the area exposed to the steam is consid- ,erably increased, which causes the valve to open fully. The under sideof the valve is exposed to the-stearn-pressure in the secondstage, so that the spring onlyltakes care of the difierence in pressure between the two stages. 7 V

bolted to-the outside of the'wheel-casing, ut' I obviously thevalve-may be located within For convenience the 1 valve-casin is In the present-instance. two ofthe casing, if desired. In order that the position of the .valve maybe ascertained at any time, a stem 25vis provided which is attached to the valve and extends through the valvecasing and a suitable packing. Steam for other elastic fluid is 'admittedto the valve casing by the passage26, and after the valve is opened'stearn'or other elastic fluid flows therefrom through the passage 27 to the adjacent nozzles. When the valve is closed, the nozzle or nozzles controlled thereby are "cut offfrom the source of supply. This holds true irrespective of the number of valves employed, and it may herebe stated that the number may be raised to suit the require:

osition ofv the valves will ever, valves are employed which are'simil'ar 1n'the1r1nechan1'cal construction, but are so arranged that they'by-pass a certain amount .of steam or other elastic fluid from one stage intothe next without its performing useful work. Such a valve'is indicated at 28, of

an adjusting-bolt or'otherwise, so as to operate successlvely upon pressure changes in order to obtain a substantiallyconstant' pressure in the stages'.- Each'of the valves is suitably. weighted as, for example,- by a'f compression-sprin the stress of which can vwhich one, .two, or more can be employed, These valves should be adjusted by means of be changed at wil Each valve is also pro- ".vided' with an indicator 25, which extends To the under side-of the through the casing and indicates w ether it,

is open or closed. In Fig. 2'two successively operating stagevalves and two successively-- operating'by-pass valves are employed which -.are spaced equidistant around the casing; bu't x v i the arrangement can be changed, if desired; I

Steam or'other elastic fiuid'is admitted to the turbine by 'the conduit 29, which is in. communication with the valve-chest .113.

Located within the chest isa plurality of] independent'and successively-operating nozzle-valves 30.- Each one ---of these valves may control one ,two, orrnore nozzles or no zzle-sections' or fluid-idischargin devices.

The valves'ma'y be-operated direct y or indi f rectly'. I

In Fig. v 2 fI have shown the preferredparrangement for the nozzles and controllingvalves. In this figure the nozzles, nozzlesections or. other. fluid-discharging devices are. divided into groupsand located on opposite sides of the main shaft. In-the present instance we of 'these nozzle-sections are ar ranged to receive steam from the same'conf. duit or, passage butthe number can'be-me creased of decreased, as desired. Extend i11; from each pair of nozzles toward a coin mon point is a conduit'or passage 31, which is formed in the head or in the diaphragm where the valve arrangement is employed between the successive stages of a multistage machine. Each of these passages, of which as many inay be employed as desired, terminates in a-verticallyeextending opening 32,

which registers with a similar opening in the valve-chest 13, above referred to. With this construction the opening and closing of the valves by any suitable means controls the flow of steam to the nozzles indicated at increasedflf desired. 20.

' the passages in cross-section are relatively Referring to Fig. 3, it will be noted that narrow as compared to their height.- By

' chambers, each containing a valve.

"partition registers with a'partition 37in the reason of this construction a great many passages can be-provided without taking up a reat deal of room.

11 Fig. 4 is shown a modified arrangement of'the stage and by-pass valves. The valves are arranged in pairs in casings 35, that are bolted to the wheel-casing. Each casingis divided by' a partition 36 into two parts or The ' 'wheelcasing, and at the sides thereof are passages 38 and 39, each of which. communicates with a separate set of nozzles or noz- 'zle-sections 40. vThe bowls of the nozzles 'areshown by dotted lines,'and three nozzles receive fluid from the passage 38 and three Situated diametrically across the machine.

from the passage 39. The valves controlling these passages open and close in succession.

are other and similar valves, which are also arranged to operate successively. In all, four of these stage-valves are shown for a given stage. One or more of the subsequent stages may be provided with similar valves arranged inpairs and inclosed in casings 4 1.

These valves may act to control the stagep'ressu-re by' regulating the passage of fluid through the nozzles, or they may control the stage-pressures by by-passing the motive fluid from one stage to another.

In Fig. 10 is shown a casing'42, containing three valves 43, which are separated one from the other by partitions i i. Each of these valves controls'the passa e of fluid throughf'a set of stage-nozzles. he valves are provided with suitable adjusting devices and springs, so that they may be set for simultaneous or successive operation. The casin is bolted or otherwise-secured to the whee -casing. Instead of controlling the passage of fluid through stage-nozzles these valves mav act to .by-pass motive fluid, as

previously described;

In Fig. 5 is shown a slightly-modified cor.

struction of the turbine wherein the passage of fluid from one stage to the other is more ell tivel y directed. The low-pressure wheels are separated by what I term a half-diaphragn1 45. ,It is made in the form of a ring and is provided with a peripheral flange 46 for supporting the adjacent diaphragm of higher pressure. The half-diaphragm engages with and-is supportedby a shoulder 47, formed on the base portion of the wheel-casing. Only one of these diaphragms'is shown; but the number can be increased, if desired.

In the diaphragm. are expanding or-non-expanding nozzles or nozzle-sections 48, which are comparatively long in an axial direction for the purpose of'cfl ectively directing the passage of fluid to the adjacent wheelbored out to receive the support 49, which is common to the wheel- disks 50 and 51. Be-

tween the cylindrical wall of the diaphragm buckets. The inner wall of the diaphragm is Bolted or otherwise secured to the wheel pass motive fluid around the diaphragm and nozzles between the second and third stages.

tion previously described.

The machines'illustrated are of the-vertical type; but my invention is applicable to those of the horizontal type. Some of the 1 features of myinvention are, broad enough to include either'an impulse or-reaction machine, or modificationthereof, and the claims are to be interpreted with this in view.

In Fig. 6 the diaphragms between stages are provided with cylindrical walls or projections 56, which have a twofold purpose. They extend into close proximity to the\ webs er the wheels and prevent the motive fluid exhausting from the buckets from flowing at right angles to the shaft. In other words, these ribs preventcross-currents of motive fluid in the wheel-chambers, which cause losses in efficiency and at the same casing is one or more valves 55, which by- 'This valve or valves is or are of'the construcrubbing which does, take place is onthese large and rugged ribs, which being located vnear the periphery. of the diaphragms are.

I I wheel. l his oflers'at times considerable opposition to rotation and means a loss in efii-, 'ciency. To obviate this, partitions-57 are provided between the bowls 580i the nozzles or nozzle-sections59, which are prefer ably sharpened at'their receiving ends and receive .thefiuid from the buckets-and dlrect it into the bowlswithout giving it an opportunity to be deflected against the buckets in a direction contrary 'to theirv movement.

The partitions may be set in a variety of' ways; but preferably they should be at about the same angle as the discharged fluid. In order to obviate the use of an especially .-1on gspring, on the one hand, or throttling action of the valve, on the other,-the stage and 3,0 bypass valves are preferably constructed as shown in Fig. 9. The body (SO-of the valve is provided with two portions ofdifferent di-f I ameters. When the valve is closed, the portion having the smaller diameter is exposed- I 3 5- to thestagapressure in the conduit 61; but, i'ust as soon as the valve 0 ens theportionof arger diameter is expose I to the same pressure. Byreason of the increased area exposed to the fluid-pressure the valve willbe 4o opened fully 'and held in this position until the pressure conditions in the stageor stages are decreasedv by a certain 'redetermined amount, when the valve will d iafinit'ely close.

I, B making the diameter of the lower portion. o the valve relatively large with res .ect to the ,valve-openingthe action of the va ve can be controlled within the narrow limits. The end'zof the valve is sli htly beveled, asis also the seat 62.' The val ve is normally pressed 59" against its seat'by the spring-68, and thestress exertedbytheflatter can be changed at will by the adjusting-bolt and nut 64.

This valve, as well as the others, is provided I I v ftion of a casing, diaphragms for dividing the "with anindicator 25 and-a oin t'er 65, which otherfi'xed art A I In accor ance with the provisions of the I patentstatutes I have 'desciibed .the principle of operation of my invention, together 5 5 isafixed to the casing o the machine or 60'. with the a paratuswhichI nowbelieve to" represent t e best embodiment thereof but I desire to have it understood thatthe appa' ratus shown is'only' illustrative and, that the invention ean be carried out by: other means..

buckets for fractional y abstracting the ve- Whatlclaim as new, and desire to secure 55 by'LettersPatent of theUnited States, is I 1'. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combina tionof a casing divided into stages, wheels in the high-pressure stag each having rows'of I .locity'pf the motive fluid, wheels in the lowpressure stages each having a single row of buckets, the buckets in the low-pressure stages having a greater speed than thoseinthe high-pressure stages, and means dis- 7 5 charging motive fluid against the -wheel' buckets of the stages.

2. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, diaphragms for dividing the casing into Wheel compartments or stages, the diaphragms'of: thelow-pressure stages having a greater diameter than those of the high-pressure stages, wheels in-the high-pres I sure stages, each having rows of buckets for fractionally abstracting the velocity .of the motive fluid, wheels in the low-pressure stages, each having a single'row of buckets,- the low-pressure Wheels'being of greater diameter thanthe high-pressu'rewheels and having greater bucket speed than the highpressure wheels, and nozzles for converting the pressure of motive fluid into velocity'and discharging I it against, the wheel-buckets.

3. In an elastic iluid turbine, thecombination of a casing, .diaphragms' for dividing. the easing into compartments, a separate support for each of the high-pressure diap'hragms, and'a support which is common to 'allof the low-pressure diaphragms.

' I 4." In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combina: tion of a casing, diaphragms'for dividing the casing into compartments, a separate shoulder formed in the casing 'for each of -the' highpressure diaphragms', and a shoulder formed on the casing, which is -common to all of the low-pressure diaphragms. g I I In'an elastic-fluidturbine,.theconibination of a casing, diaphragms for dividing the casing intocompartments, the high-pressure. diaphragms' increasing in diameter toward the exhaust, the low pres'surediaphragms being of'the same diameter and larger than the high-pressure diaphragms, a separate support for each of the high-pressure diaphragms, and a support common to all of the low-pressure.diaphragms. 1 f

6. In an-elasticfiuid turbine, the .combinas casing into compartments,the'loW-pressure I diaphragms j being provided with ifianges whichengage and support the adjacent lowpressure diaphragms, separate shoulders formed on the casing for supporting the highs pressure diaphragms, and a shoulder formed; on the casing which is common toall thelow pressure diaphragms. I 7.- In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing'comprising a portion made in Iro nation of a casing, a shoulder formed therenation of a vor device,

ssoeod portion made in sepathe high-pressure diapbragms.

8. In an elastic-fluid turbme, the combmation ot a casing, a shoulder formed thereon, a diaphragm supported by the shoulder, bucket-wheels, intermediate buckets attached to one side of the shoulder, and nozzles intermediate to the other.-

9. in an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing having an internal shoulder, bucket-wheels mounted in the casing, and intermediate buckets located between the rows of wheel-buckets, which are supported by the shoulder on the opposite side from the diaphragm.

10. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combion, a diaphragm supported by the shoulder, bucket-wheels, a nozzle, intermediate bucket-s, and a means common to the nozzle and buckets for securing them to the shoulder.

11. In an elastiofluidturbine, the combination of a casing, a shoulder formed thereon, a diaphragm engaging the shoulder, a nozzle carried by the. shoulder, apassage extending through the shoulder and supp] ing the nozzle with motive fluid, and a valve respons'ive to pressure changes for governing the flow o1 fluid through thepassage to he nozzle. I 12. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combi plurality of stages, bucket-Wheels therefor,- nozzles or devices discharging fluid against the bucket-wheels, and one or more valves which receive fluid from one stage and by-pass it around a fluid-discharging nozzle or device without its doing useful Work in passing. 1 13. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combisure changes, which centre to another, a casingtion in the casing,

nation of a plurality of stages, bucket-wheels therefor, nozzles or devices discharging fluid against the bucket-wheels, one or more valves which receive fluid from one stage and by-pass it around a fluid-discharging nozzle and one or more valves which receive motive fluid from one stage and discharge it through a nozzle or device into another st'age.

14.- An elastic-fluid turbine of the Inultistage type, comprising revolving buckets and fluid discharging devices, in combination with valves which are responsive to pressure variations for regulating the passage of fluid through said fluid-discharging devices from one stage to another, and other valves also responsive to pressure variations for by-passing fluid around the fluid-discharging devices.

15. An elastic-fluid turbine of the multistage type, comprising revolving bnckets'and fluid discharging devices, -'in combination with a plurality of s1iccessively-acting valves which are-responsive to pressure variations for regulating the passage of fluid through said fluid-discharging devices from one stage to another, and a plurality of successivelyacting valves buckets and fluid discharging devices, in

combination with successively-acting valves responding to pressure changes, which con' trol the passage of fluid from one stage to another and a casing common to the valves whicliis supported by the turbine-casing.

18. An. elastic-fluid turbine of the multistage type, comprising acasing, revolving buckets and fluid discharging devices, in combination with valves res ending to presthe passage of fluid from one stage which is common to the valves, and a partiwhich separates the valves one rem the other.

19. An elastic-fluid turbine of the multistage type, comprising a bucket-s, devices admitting fluid to the turbine, nozzles between stages arranged in. sets, in combination with pressure responsive valves controlling the passage of fluid through said sets of nozzles, common-to the valves, one of said valves controlling the passage of fluid through one set of stage-nozzles, and anothervalve controlling the passage of fluid through another set of stage-nozzles i 20, In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a casing therefor, a head or diaphragm for the casing, which is provided with fluid-carrying passages extending toward a common point, and devices receiving fluid from the passages and discharging it against the buckets. v

21. 111 an elastic-fiuid turbine, the combination of wheel-buokets, a casing therefor, a head or diaphragm for the casing, fluid discharging devices arranged in groups around the head or diaphragm, conduits extendin toward a common point, and valves located at said point for controlling the admission of fluid to the conduits;

22. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of Wheel-buckets, -a casing therefor, a

head or diaphragm for the casing, fluid-dis charging devices arranged in groups or sets also responsive to pressure variations for by-passmg fluid aroundtho a divided casing which is 1 casing, revolving A fOI supplyingfluid to the conduits, and valves Control ing thepassage of fluid from the chest to the conduits.

23'. In aturbine, the combination of a casinghaving 'an'internals'houlder, a flanged 4 stages, admission-nozzles, bowls for the stage nozzles, and partitions located between the I bowls and extending in the-same general direction as the fluid exhausting from' the buckets and beyond the bowlsfor preventing the rebounding of exhaust fluid against the buckets a ndior'directing the fluid into the nozzle-bowls.-

28. An elastic fluidturbine bf thei' niultiro diaphragm supported thereby, a second diaa stage type, in combination with a plurality'of "phragn'i mounted on the flange of'the first, valves responsive-to changes in stage- ,res- .anda means carried-by the second diaphragm sure for controlling the passage of fiui be- 66 for reventing cross-currentsof rnotive fluid tween stages, the said va ves being provided in t e wheel-compartment in which it is 10- with double areas. 4 v I s cated;

I 29. An elastic-fluid turbine of the multi- I '24. Ina turbine, the combination of a casstage type, in combination with a; plurality of 'ingihaving an internal shoulder, :a'flanged individual and successivelyacting lvalvesfl65 :diaphragm supported thereby, a second dia- .which open and close in response to pressure phragm mounted onthe'flange-of the first, and :a cylindrical wall carried by the second J motive fluid in the wheel-compartment in, which it is located and alsofor' preventing the" buckets from rubbing.

, 25f In a turbine, the combination of a casing,';buck'et-wheels, nozzles for discharging vfluid a' diaphragm located 'in and dividing the casing into compartments, the (liaphragm having a peripheral flange, a second 1 dia hragm mounted on' the flange of the first "am wholly within the casing, acylindrical wall carried by the seconddiaphragm which compartment in which it is located and also i serves to direct the tpassage of fiuid through the adjacent nozzles; a

' nation of a casing which is divided into stages, bucket-wheels for the stages, a nozzle or de-- vice for discharging fluid to the wheels'which is divided by walls into individual passages, and partitions forming continuations of the 'walls for receiving the fiuid'exhausting. from ventin it from rebounding against the wheel";

diaphragm for preventingcross currents of prevents cross-currents of motive fluid in the '26. In anelastic-fluid turbine, the combi-" the buckets before it enters the bowl andpre- 1 a 27'. nan elastic-fluid turbine,' the combination of a casing, partitions for dividing the easing into stages, bucket-wheels tor" the the said .diaphragms occupying their changes" for controlling the passage 'offluid through the turbine, each of said. valves being provided with weight.

r30. In an elastic-fluid'turbine,the combi I nation of a. casing having an internal support, Y a diaphragm resting on the,support,1thesa1d dia hragm'being providedw-ith a circumferential flange, and asecond'diaphragm m'ounted on the cylindrical fiange'of the first, the said diaphragms'. occupying their positions solely by reason of their weight and'theflu'id p're ssurethereon.

31. In an elastic-fluid turbine, thicombif V nation of a casing having an internal support,

a diaphragm mounted .on the support and having a cy-lindrical and axially-extending flange, one or more similar dia hra ms, I

mountedonsaid flange one above t e'ot er,

cs1- tions solely by reason of their weight'an aggregate-pressure of the motive-fluidon the diaiphragms of the successive" stages.

n witness whereof I have'hereunto-setmy19o hand this 23d dayof-February,190 5,

OSCAR ,JUGGR EN.

. Witnesses:

ALEXIQ F. MAC ONALD, HELEN ORFo'Rm double'areas and an opposing v

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