US822315A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 822,315. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.. J. STUMPF.

TURBINE.

`APPL1CATION` FILED NOV. 4, 1901.

Mn es seg.'

- havev invented certain new and .useful Im- .UNrrEDA sfrnrns PATENT OFFICE.

JOHANN STUMPROF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Junel 5, 1906.

Application filed November 4, 1901. Serial No. 81 121.

`ject of the King of Prussia, ,German Em eror,

and a resident of 27 Rankestrasse, Ber in, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire,

provements `in Turbines, of which the following is an exact -s ecification.

- `Tur ine-whee s have been heretofore constructed .in which single` U-shaped buckets vfare employed; but such an arrangement is o en to serious objections. Chief among t ese may be mentioned' the tendency to end thrust, improper action of the Abuckets result- `ing from an expansion or contraction of the fluid jet or column after it leaves the admission-nozzle, due to a difference in ressure between the jet and the fluid me ium within the casin and the improper action'of the buckets, u e to the lack of with the nozzle. If the pressure within the turbine-casing is less than that of the steamjet, the latter in leaving the admission-nozzley expands before enterin the bucket, so that partof the steam-jet wlll flow upon the surface of the Wheel without entering the buckets and performing useful work. In case the pressure within the casing is above that of the steam-jet the latter contracts, so that it does not flow exactly. along the side wall yof the buckets, but strikesy the curved portionthereof at a point some distance from the wall, thereby causing shocks or disturbances in the turbine.y Furthermore, turbines fitted with such buckets are4 o en to the disadvantages arising from the a-teral movement of the turbine-wheel. Turbine-Wheels have also been constructed of the so-called Peltonf type. The buckets of these wheels consist of two ball-shaped or ellipsoidal buckets which meet in the -middle of the turbinewheel. These Pelton buckets have', however, the great disadvantage, that they do not correctly guide the steam-jets entering the same and also that a stowin and whirling of the steam takes place in t e buckets, in consequence whereof the velocity of the steam cannot be fully transferred into useful work.

The object of my present invention is to overcome these disadvantages.

In order to make my' invention morev clear, I refer to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters denote -similar parts proper alinement tially tangentia Areacting thereon. the lower and upper walls of each bucket d 1v and showing` the annular nozzle locatedadjacent thereto, and Fig. 3 is a` section on line y'y of Fig. 2.

In the drawings, b is the admisslon-nozzle,

comprisin 4a plurality of closely-associated passages ischarging steam o r other elastic fluid in the form of a solidstream or Jet. The partitions between the nozzle-passages extend in the same general direction, as the thin partitions between adjacent pairs ofl buckets.

d d are the single buckets, forming adouble bucket.

e is the Wedge-shaped partition, situated 4 between the two buckets d d, the latter belng" located side by side, and lc is a thin sharpended partition situated between and'forming a wall of thebuckets d d. It'is to be noted that each 1partition 7c extends substan- Wheel and that the partitions extend substantially parallel and form the top and botto the periphery of the tom walls of the bucket-spaces. In the buckets d the column of steam is split into two parts 'at the partition e, and each part is reversed, alter which the steam leaves the turbine-wheel substantially in the manner leaving the wheel-buckets strikes surfaces,

such as the curved surfaces forming the sides of the nozzles, and is deflected outward thereby away from the wheel to prevent it from By reason of the fact that are perfectly flat and also that the walls are about parallel to one another the steam leaves t ese buckets in nearly parallel layers,

so lthat each steam-jet-is guided between the foregoing and the following steam-jet.

By' reason of the constructiondescribed the disadvantagesfdue to steam-whirls are prevented.

Owing to the arrangement of the buckets, the action of the jet is independent of the pressure in the casing, which pressure may vary widely under varying load conditions.

he expansion or contraction ofthe jet or column does not affect their action, because the partition e is directlyin line with a plane passlshown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. The steam TOO ing through the nozzle. The partition being central divides the column of steam or other lluid equally and prevents end thrust. An axial movement of the wheel does not seriously interfere with the operation, because all of the steam will continue to enter the buckets. Any slight decrease in the amount of steam entering one side of the partition compensated for by a corresponding increase on the other side.

rIhe buckets a being situated one parth above the other, with only a thin partition I' between them, the steam leaving the nozzlepassages freely enters the same and the entire energy contained in the steam is thus. converted into work under the most favorable conditions.

I have referred to steam 'as the motive fluid;

- but the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, since otherkinds of fluid can be employed.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now believe to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means. e

Vhat I claim as-new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, isl. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a support, a plurality of double buckets carried by the support, each vdouble bucket having a wedge-like partition situated between the buckets, and thin flatpartitions situated between the adjacentdouble buckets, which assist in confining and directing the passage of motive fluid as it passes into and out of theibucket-spaces.

2. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a rotary support or wheel, a plurality of double undercut buckets formedfin the rim thereof, each bucket-s ace occupying a plane vsubstantially tangential to a' radius, wedgelike partitions between each two buckets which divide the fluid stream, and thin ilat artitions which extend substantially paralel and form the top and bottom walls ofthe bucket-spaces.

3. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wheel having double buckets, cach double bucket having a wedge-like partition for dividing the fluid stream and thin flat partitions which form' the top and bott om walls of adjacentbuckets, a nozzle which surrounds the Wheel to agreater or less extent and comprises a plurality of closely-associated pas-- sages whlch dlscharge motive fluid againstthe wedge-like partitions.

4. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wheel having buckets with spaces-1 between them occupying planes` substantially tangential lto theperipher'y of the wheel, a nozzle which presents its discharge-orifices to tl e buckets, and means for deflerting the exhaust fluid away from'the wheel.

5. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a Wheel having double buckets on its peripher each double bucket having a Wedge-li e partition for dividing the stream of motive fluid, artitions which form the top and bottom Walf; of the buckets, a nozzle surrounding the wheel to a greater or less extent and comprising a plurality of closely-associated discharge-passages, the axes of t'he passages coinciding with a plane passing through the wedge-like partitions. 4

In testimony whereof` I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

'JOHANN STUMPF.

Witnesses WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY HASPER.

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