US818266A - Coke-oven. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTBD APR. 17",""1906t H. KUPPERS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLcATIoN FILED SEPT. 7, 1904.

l x A No. 818,366. PATENTED 111211.17, 1906.

- H. K OPPBRS.

` COKE OVEN. APPLIGATIQN H'LED SEPT. 7. 1904.

i n 4 SHBETS-SHEET 2.

l I l .l l l 1 l we, xyz/21414' y ity/ww?, Y

No. 618,266. K PATENTED APR.17, 1966.

H. KOPPERS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT, 7. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEBT 3.

l g J. ff l l I i 5 i l l l i l I Ewa' fmw, fi/M y PATENTE) APR. 17, 1906.

,11. KoPPERs.

COKE OVEN.

APPLIOATION FILED sBPTJ, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET IlA llO ' lll sanieren xorrnas, or ssszrieeri-ran-enaa, daarnaar.

me. siaeee.

Specification of Letters Patent,

rasantes .apra i?, ieee.

Application led September '7, 19.04. Serial Eo. 223,607.

.To @ZZV/hom t may concern/.5

` pBe'it known that l, Humaine normes,l

civil engineer, a subject of the German Em'- peror, residing at 81 Wittringstrasse, Essen'- on-the-Ruhr, in the Empire of Germany, have'invented certain new and useful lm-l rov'ements in CoheUvens? of'which the foloWing is a specification. Coke-ovens of the usual kind have-geneigally presented the great defect of Want. of uniformity in the heating elfe'ct both Within the separate heating-fines and throughout an.

.entire group ofsuch lues arranged in series. As regards the separate Yiiues, this Want of uniformity manifested itself in the accumu? lation of'heatv at places Where it was most prejudicial, so that thm or get yflames Were formed, which tue refractory material Was -'unable towithstand for any yconsiderable f moved did not experience sufficient effect."

time. Within a group oiiiiues arrangedsin `series the heatinglliues adjacent to the chimney, and therefore more accessible, Were attacked too vigorously, While those fartherre- `in the eolie-oven which formsythe subject' of this invention all these defects are objvin ated, owing to the capacity for regulating the, heating Within Wide limits as regards both uniformity and intensity, and this in a single flue or in a Whole group of heating-flues- 4 The novel coke-oven is, as is `usuallyfthe case,a regenerative furnace; but the principlefis also applicable to other systems in A`which regeneration is not resorted to, and the uniform'heating obtained in accordance .with

` the invention ermits of the employment of .air which lhas een preliminarily heatedlto a lar e extent, so that an extremely rationalf an systematic operation is possible .with the least possible injury to the refractory mate'- rial. This novel coke-oven is illustrated in` 'the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 represents a vertical section through the furnace along the axis of a coalchamber. Fig, 2 is a vertical section onvthe axis of a group of 'heating-nues arranged in series. Fig. 3 is a cross-section 'through the furnace u ou the line E F, Fig; 1. Fig. Il is -a horieonta section through the coke-cham 'bers and heating-fines, with plan of the nozzle arrangement.

As usual `colrefcharnbers l and the heating-fines 2 are in regenerative furnaces, theA built oves the air-regenenators 3 and lthe'garegenerators 4. Below the soley of the'ealrechambers l are arranged the air-distributing passages 5, Which are in ,communication with .the air-regenerators' by the intermedia? of i ues vertical passages '6. Below the heating .i

2I are Isituated. the gas-distributing passages 7, which are' connected with the gas'-rege`n`kw eratorsli by means of vertical passages 8. 'Ihefurther connection of these vertica pasa sages With the heating-nues forms a portion -of this invention and is hereinafter explained.

The upper horizontal assage 9 extends over the heatin-gues 2 an. conducts the combustion gases into the chimney, vertically above each heating-ilus an. o ening 1Q is proof heat takes place in the lower parts of thev Walls of the heating-ihres, the thin or jet flames which are thereby forlned frequently attacking the refractory material to a large extent. rlhis invention removes these defects by .completely controlling the action, of

the chimney-draft upon the heating-'lines of a group and Within. each flue bythe retarded mixing of gas' and air, owing tothe fact thatl definite paths are assigned to both these' substances necessary for combustion by means -of positivel guides, so that they are' only able to' mingle-at the top of the coal charge.v i

As the varying actionofv the chimneyl draft uponthe gas and air distribution, the

combustion, and the velocity of the heatinggases in the separate flues is so much the greater according as the upper 'horizontal passage is'narrowe'r, While, on the other hand,

` the stability'of the Whole structure only admits of a small cross-section. for it, one of the IOO great advantages furnished by this inven- Y tion liszthat it insures the uniform lheating vof a group by lthe capability of altering the fry cross-section of this passage. rlhis result is Y attained owing to the faetthat the connectvss ing or bond course 13 rising between two heatingilues is made continuous, but in the middle is recessed to such an extent as-is necessary for passage of the aases at the proper place. At the place at which the chimneydraft comes in these recesses are of a width corresponding to the sum of the combustion substances to be conducted through here and narrow on the heating-lines removed therefrom. in order to obviate the detrimental effect of this current of gas, which widens out so g'r'aduallyupon the separate heating-lines, the bonds 13 are preferably thickened in such a-rnanner that they form lateral ro'- jections 15. rlhe narrowing of the heatlngflues that is thereby produced is approximately inversely proportionate to the restrictions of the horizontal passage, so that the increased suction effect of the graduallyreinforced gas-current is counterbalanced by `the diminishing surface of attack of the separate heating-fines. This influence on the separate heating-dues may be regulated by means of slides 14, arranged above, or by equivalent means operated from above by altering the free cross-section in the .one

sense or the other. Thea. slides 14 are not able to slide and fall dov/mowing togthe pro-. jecting bond part upon which they are guided.

In colring many coals the furnace walls of the coke-chambers must run conically, so that the exit end is wider. In. certain cases -ithe ovens are as much as twenty percent.

`for such coke-ovens to the extent that the recesses Widening out in correspondence with the increasing quantities of gas no longer lie symmetrically with the center of the oven, but from the place at which the change of draft takes place decrease proportionately toward the ends of the oven.. The restrictions already referred to and produced by the projecting bonds then vary with the recesses of the horizontal passage only in the inverse sense, so that they likewise lie unsymmetrically relatively to the center of the oven. The action. of the restricted horizontal passage and of the restrictions of the heating-fines is otherwise exactly the same as in the other coke-furnaces. Within a single heating-flue the same idea of effecting uniform heating by the entire furnace.

convolutions eiaeee the displacement of the combustion zone to the top of the coal charge is carried out by conducting the air and the gas in the manner of a nozzle. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 illustrate three constructional examples of this, which are of course only applied to the same'furnace by way of explanation, as in practice onlyl one of the arrangements represented would The novelty which is here claimed consists 'only in the combination with the other already-explained means cfor producing and controlling a uniform heating throughout The as flows upward through a nozzle 16 into t e middle of .the

flue. The air, on the'other hand, is conduct-` ed into the flue from the distributing-passage 5 through a passage 17, lyingobliquely to the axis of the heating-liuc both in plan and in elevation. The gas ascending at the Ycenter is therefore incased 4in-the stream` of air which moves upward in ascendin helical Combustion preferab y takes place not on the Wall of the flue, but in the center of the same. The heating-fines b themselves constitute an important improvement, their gas and air supply being forthe rest constructed quite in accordance with the heating-dues a; butin this case a vspecial nozzle 18 is arranged in the-air-pas sage. While, however, in the case a only the admission of gas can. be regulated by the in sertion of different nozzles, -in the arrange ment desi n'ated t it is possible to vary both the quantity of the gas to be supplied and that of the air and also their ratio .one to the other by means of-in'terchangeable nozzles. The heating-hues (marked. c) comprise an arrangement of nozzles for answering the same purposethat is .to say, retarding the minl gling by positively conducting the gas and a`1r. In this arrangement 19 represents the gas-nozzles; 5, vthe air-passages; 20,-the air.- nozzles, The gas entersthe heatlng-flue 2 'through the interchangeable nozzle 19,

which is situated in one corner of the sole of the heating-flue. In the other angle is situated the likewise interchangeable air-nozzle 20, which `closes an obliquely-ascending passage 22, which connects the air-supply passage 5 with the heating-flue 2. This same passage may also be given an inclined position in plan relatively to the axis of the oven when by this means the setting of the twyerstones would be facilitated or when there are other constructional reasons for adopting this step. At the, upper end the inclined direction of the passages 22 becomes vertical, so that even without the employment of special nozzles the air is conducted vertically up- I erases y A Vward inthe heating-ihre. It has also proved*` I. advantageous to give to the passage '22 a cross-section widening downwardly, so as to i vantageous.

permit of forcing through any pieces of cha- `motte falling down by .means ofi-.bars introduced through: upper apertures.. A' special feature 1s that, as shown b y the drawings, ac-

cessibility to all parts of the coke-oven is obtainedinacco'rdance with this invention.A In

the ues desi natd c the gas and'airl ascend vertically am? parallelly directly side by side. Besides the ieect of the displacement oi' `the combustion zone to the summit of the coal charge, which-is common with the other arrangements', this arrangement shows in practice a more efficient prevention of the formation of' thin or jet flames. in all the threearrangements (marked a, b, and c, respectively) the end of the air-admissionpassage is preferably. arranged at the top of the sole of the coal-charging chamber 1L It is, however, a point to be determined'y in practice whether this extreme position of the air-noz-v zle, or its position on the sole of therheatingchamber 2 beside thev gas-nozzle, or some other intermediate position isl the most ad- The present coke-oven, with its capacity for regulation for uniform heating an. entire group of heating-fines arranged` 1n series, owing to the possibility of altering the cross-section of the passage for the gasesA of combustion, and in the separate heatingilues in accordance with the constructions; i

v; narrow at the end remote from the chimney and thence widen out toward the chimney,

n b c by suitable displacement of the combustion zone, presents an extremely effective utilization of the heat, together with the greatest possible anount of protection for the refractory material even in the case `of air whichhas been preliminarily heated to a large extent, suitable dispositions oicourse.

being made according as a regenerator is employed or not. What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is 1. A coke-oven har-'ing vertical heatingdues and a common cA yn upper horizontal passage for the combustien-gases, said heating-fines at the point z Lere they pass into the said assage being tions ofzt e bond courses, means for causlng the air to ascendvertically at one angle of the heating-flue, and the gas at the opposite' angle, guides for giving such paths to the gas and tothe air within the separate heatinglues that' the combustion `zoneis displaced ltothe top ofthe coal charge.

`2. A coke-oven having a horizontal open assageand separate heating-lines, said heating-iiues at the oint 'where they passinto said 'passage -being restricted," and having bond courses risinfr within the horizontal passage constructed` to present recesses between the separate heating-fines which recesses have a cross-section corresponding to cstricted by projecat t fas described and the sum of the combustion-gases, passing therethrough substantiallyl as described and.

for the purpose set forth. l

3. A rco e-oven having an upper horizontal open passage 'and' heating-lines, said lues attire point where theyl pas@ into said pasctions oi' .the rising small in jections of the bond course, which 'restrictions are narrow at the end remote from the chimney and thence widen out toward the chimney and slides upon the projections so as to permit of adjusting the apertures olE the heating-fines, substantially as described and for the purpose hereinabove set forth.

5. A coke-oven, having horizontal passages, heating-fines, bondco'urses rising with- 1n the/horizontal passages, and presenting 'recesses between the separate heating-hues,

which recesses have a cross-section corresponding to .the sum 'of the combustion-gases passing therethrough, said heating ilues where passing into the upper horizontal passage presenting restrictions caused by pros jections on the bond courses and which are Pur-- where they pass into the upper horizontal passage presentinglrestrictions formed by Iprojections on the bondcourses, which restrictionsare narrow at the end remote troni the chimney and thence widen out toward the chimney, and slides onv the projections vto ermit of adjusting the apertures oi' the heating-lines, substantially as described and for the purpose hereinaboveset forth. A7. A coke-oven, having a horizontal passage, heating-fines and meanswhereby the air ascends vertically in one angie ci the heating-flue and the gas inthe opposite angle for the purpose of iorniinfy the combustion zone for the purpose hereinabove set forth. f y v 8. A coke-oven, having a horizontal pea:-A sage, heating-lues and means whereby the air ascends vertically in one angle ci the heatinge'top ot the coal charge, substantially flue and the. gas in the opposite en'gle', andb Iny handhin presence of two subscribing wItf interchangeable nozzles permitting of regunesses7 th1s19th day (If/August, 1904.'

lating the uantities of gas and air pessm'g f I through anii their ratio one to the other, sub- .HEINRICH KOPPERS'- 5 stantialiy as described. and for the purpose Witnesses:

hereinabove set forth. .l WILLIAM ESSENWEI'N,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto :set PIETER LIEBER.

Images