US767409A - Core element. - Google Patents

Description

No. 767,409. PATENTED AUG. 1.6, 1904.

R. AG. JAMES. com ELEMENT.

APPLIGATION FILED 00T. 19. 1903.

will!! Y' 3 y liti/61.160712 OSH/GIZ GeorgeJues UNTTED STATES Patented August 16, 1904.

PATENT OEETEE ONE-HALF TO AMERICUS E.' CALLAHAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CORE ELEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 767,409, dated August 16, 1904.

Application led October 19, 1903. Serial No. 177,633. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.'

Be it known that LRoswELL GEORGE JAMES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Louisville, in the county ofJefferson and State F of Kentucky, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Core Elements, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part 1o -of this specification.

My invention relates to cores used in casting pipes and cylinders, and has for its object the provision of an improved core which may be more readily and cheaply formed and very i effectively used.

Hitherto in making cores for pipes and cylinders it has been customary to wrap hay or straw about a core-bar, and upon this foundation a coating of plastic loam was placed,

2o which coating', being dried, constituted the casting-surface to form and define the inner surface of the casting. In this way the porous foundation for the outer layer of loam is secured, whereby the escape of gases generated 2 5 in casting is permitted and whereby the core is formed in part of inflammable material that is not initially subject to the consuming heat of the casting, but to which said consuming heat finds its way through the outer coating of 3o loam after the poured metal has been sufficiently solidified to maintain its set, whereafter the core-bar may be readily withdrawn and the pipe removed from its mold, the combustible material having been sufficiently con- 3 5 sumed by the heat to permit the release of the core-bar. To those skilled in the art it is obvious that many disadvantages are attendant upon the use of this core and the way of producing' it. Among the objections to the prior 4o practice may be mentioned the cost of producing the cores and the difiic'ulty of forming the layer initially superimposed upon the corebar with sufiicient rigidity to act as a proper foundation for the envelop of loam.

In practicing my invention I produce a core of heterogeneous formation, comprising in the preferred embodiment of the invention a corebar made of iron or other suitable material,

preferably formed hollow and desirably provided with small openings in its substance to act as gas-vents, and a surrounding annular layer of combustible material whose particles in the preferred embodiment of the invention are loose with respect to each other in a comminuted state and which may preferably be sawdust, with which may be mixed someV substance to promote combustion, as resin. I have provided a container of sheet material for this combustible material which itself may or may not be combustible, as preferred, cheese-cloth answering' admirably for cores of smaller size, whereas heavier fabric may be employed for cores of the larger sizes. Finally, an annular layer or envelop of plastic loam, such as is now employed, is placed 'about the initial layer produced with the aid of the container.

I consider it to be broadly new with me to coat the core-bar with a combustible substance whether the particles thereof are loose with respect to each other or otherwise, as in certain plastic compounds that in themselves will not remain upon the core-bar in proper shape, but which require the additivon of my container in being held in place upon the corebar to effect the formation of the inner layer, about which the outer layer may afterward be placed, and I desire to claim herein as a product a core element in which a container is employed for holding the inner layer in position when it is formed and prior to the application of the usual plastic loam or other outer coating. I consider it to be broadly new with me to thus hold a loose layer of combustible material or material that is disintegrated by destructible hea-t about the corebar by means of a container, and in certain of the claims herein I have used the term loose layer in the sense of a layer of material surrounding the core-bar, which layer will not in itself stay in place upon the core-bar, but which requires the addition of a container to hold the same upon the core-bar in accordance with my invention. The outer layer may at any suitable time thereafter be formed thereon, and I therefore claim as a product the core-bar with a layer of material that may bc disintegrated by burning surrounding the same and held thereon by means of a containcr, irrespective of the time of use and the further treatment of this core element. In practice, however, I prefer as an inner layer comminuted substance whose parts are loose with respect to each other. AI preferably dispose the first annular layer upon the core-bar by mechanism in which means are included for rotating the core-bar in journals in which said core-bar is temporarily located, winding a ribbon preferably formed of combustible fabric, as cheese-cloth, upon the core-bar from a rcel, pouring` the comminuted or other material upon this ribbon as it is being passed to the core-bar, which combustible material is thus confined by the spiral wrapping of the container, which obviously may be wound about the forming layer of combustible material with great firmness to secure a combustible layer that maybe of g'reat rigidity to act as a sufficient support for the added coating of loam, yet which is readily sufiiciently destroyed or collapsed when the molten metal is poured between the core thus formed and the metal has become suiiiciently set, by which time consuming heat has penetrated to th said combustible layer.

I will explain my invention more fully by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is an end view, somewhat diagran'imatic 1n nature, showing one type of apparatus that may be employed in making the improved core. Fig. 2 is a view taken in direction of arrow 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a View illustrating' a core-bar with the covering's thereon formed in accordance with the invention, indicated in section, a mold and plastic layer in section being shown in disposition about the composite core element. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section, on an enlarged scale, of a longitudinal portion of the core. Fig. 5 is an end section, on an enlarged scale, of the core constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 6 is a view in perspective, illustrating another form of container that may enter into the improved product.

Lilie parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughout the different iigures.

In the drawings I have illustrated one of many types of mechanism that may be employed in carrying out the invention. In the apparatus illustrated there is provided a pair of stationarily-disposed ljournals 1 and 2, in which the core-bar 3, of any preferred form, may be temporarily disposed for the purpose of superimposing thereon the annular layer of combustible material. rIhe journal 1 has a displaceable cap 4, which when out of position will permit of the insertion of the corebar shaft 5 within a recess in the hub 6 of the drivingpulley 7, fixed connection between the said hub and shaft being desirabl y effected by means of a set-screw 8. On either side and parallel with the axis of rotation of the corebar is located a stringer 9, supporting rails 10, upon which wheels 11 may run, these wheels being journaled upon bcaring's 12, projecting' downwardly from a platform 13. rIhis platform 13 is for the sake of clearness of illustration shown considerably above'the core-bar 3 and is provided with pillow-blocks 14, affording bearings for the shaft of the reel 15, the said reel carrying' the suitable sheet material, as cheese-cloth 15/ or other fabric, that is to constitute the container for the combustible material. In the preferred way of forming the core the container is desirably in the form of a ribbon of suitable width,which is drawn onto the core-bar upon the rotation of the said core-bar, the ribbon being' anchored to the core-bar to secure itsinitial engagement therewith and to force its removal from the reel. The ribbon is desirably led over a guiding-idler 16, which is mounted upon suitable hangers 17, depending from the lower side of the platform. These hangers are preferably made in separate sections, slots 18 being' desirably formed in one section, through which clamping bolts may be passed. In order that the ribbon may be wound upon the corebar with sufficient tightness, I apply to the shaft of the reel some braking appliance, as the friction spring-fingers 19. The platform or carrier 13 also desirably supports a chute 20, whose discharge-opening is'desirably located very near the core-bar. The hopper or chute is desirably rotatably mounted upon a shaft 20', to which an arm 2O2 is rigidly secured, this arm being arranged in cooperative relation with the segment 2O3 concentric with the shaft and mounted upon the platform, the arm having' a clamping set-screw 20'i for securing' it in eng'agement with any selected portion of the segment to maintain any adjustment that has been effected, thereby determining the elevation of the mouth of the chute above the container as it advances to the core-bar. The material within the chute may be agitated by a poker or otherwise. The material that is to form the combustible layer 205 of the core, such as sawdust, is fed through the chute onto the ribbon as it is advanced upon the core-bar. The thickness of this combustible layer may be regulated by the rate of iiow of the combustible material upon the ribbon. The platform is advanced at a rate desirably having' a fixed ratio to the speed of rotation of the core-bar, so that the ribbon is spirallywound upon the core-bar at a uniform pitch throughout, each spiral turn of the ribbon overlapping the previouslyformed spiral, so as to eliminate interstices in the container, through which the combustible material might issue. The chute, by being' mounted upon the same platform with the reel, obviously has its spout immediately over IIO the portion of the ribbon that is about to be wound upon the core-bar, so that the combustible material is effectively disposed between the container and the core-bar.

Obviously other means than those illustrated may be employed for carrying out the general purpose. of the mechanism shown, and I do not, therefore, wish to be limited to the precise apparatus illustrated.

Another form of container is that illustrated in Fig. 6, where the combustible material is located in a sack-like structure 2l, this sack and its contents being assembled before its disposition upon the core-bar, said sack being preferablyr disposed upon the core-bar in a spiral foundation in the case of the ribbon of cheese-cloth. This sack is preferably formed of some combustible fabric, as cheese-cloth. The core-bar shown is of the type well known to those skilled in this art and is provided with a number of small vent-holes 22, communicating with the hollow interior of the core-bar. After the initial layer of combustible material has been disposed upon the core bar with the aid of the container the layer or envelop 28 of plastic loam is disposed about the combustible layer and afterward dried in an oven. After the container has been placed about the corebar the free end thereof may be suitably anchored in place, as by means of glue or string, to maintain the combustible layer intact. After the composite core is produced it is placed within a mold 24, provided in a flask 25, in accordance with wellelnown practice in the art, after the usual coating of plumbago or pipe-facing has been placed upon the core. After the molten metal has been poured into the space between my improved composite core and the mold said metal first sets, the outer layer of plastic loam being sufficiently a non-conductor of heat to prevent the heat from the hot metal from penetrating in suficient degree to the combustible layer to causev its disintegration by burning. This layer of plastic loam, however, will ultimately permit the passage of heat to the combustible material in suicient degree to disintegrate the same, but not until the metal has sufriciently set. After the layer of combustible material has been disintegrated the core-bar may be withdrawn and again used.

Some of the comminuted combustible material that I have employed has not responded to heat as quickly as desired. I therefore prefer to make the container of combustible material, so that if the comminuted material is unusually refractory a discharge thereof will be permitted by the destruction of the container.

In my application, Serial No. 177,634, filed Getober 19, 1903, I have claimed the improved process herein disclosed.

I have herein shown and specifically described the preferred embodiment of my inbustible material, whose particles are loosev with respect to each other, a container in the form of a ribbon spirally wound about the said layer and core-bar whereby the said layer of combustible material is held in place and an outer envelop surrounding said container4 and layer substantially as described.

2. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer of comminuted combustible material, whose particles are loose with respect to each other, a container wound about the said layer and core-bar, whereby the said layer of combustible material is held in place and an outer envelop surrounding said container and layer substantially as described.

3. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer of comminuted combustible material whose particles are loose with respect to each other, a container in the form of a ribbon spirally wound about the said layer and core-bar, whereby the said layer of combustible material is held in place and an outer envelop of plastic loam surrounding said container and layer, substantially as described.

4. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer of comminuted combustible material, whose particles are loose with respect to each other, acontainer Wound about the said layer and corebar, whereby the said layer of combustible material is held in place and an outer envelop of plastic loam `surrounding said container and layer, substantially as described.

A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer of material' to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the same, and a container in the form of a ribbon spirally disposed about said layer, serving' to hold the same in position upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

6. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the same and a container holding the said layer upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

7. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the core-bar, and a ribbon-like container wrapped about the core-bar and said layer and holdingl the layer upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

8. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding IOO IlO

the same, a containerl in the form of a ribbon spirally disposed about said layer serving to hold the same in position upon the core-bar, and an outer envelop surrounding the container, substantially as described.

9. A casting core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer of material to be dis integrated by destructive heat surrounding the same, a container holding the said layer upon the core-bar, and an outer envelop surrounding the container, substantially as described.

10. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the corebar, a ribbon-like container Wrapped about the core-bar and said layer and holding the layer upon the core-bar, and an outer envelop surrounding the container, substantially as described.

11. A castingcore element comprising a core-bar, a layer of comminuted combustible material Whose particles are loose with respect to each other surrounding the same, and a container in the form of a ribbon spirally disposed about said layer, serving to hold the same in position upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

12. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a layer of comminuted combustible material whose particles are loose with respect to each other surrounding the same, and a container holding the said layer upon the core-bar, substantially7 as described.

13. A casting-core element comprising' a core-bar, a layer of comminuted combustible material whose particles are loose with respect to each other surrounding the core-bar. and a ribbon-like container Wrapped about the core-bar and said layer and holding the layer upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

14. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer of material to'be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the same, and a flexible container ofsheet material holding the said layer upon the corebar, substantially as described.

15. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer of material to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the same, and a container of sheet material holding the said layer upon the core-bar, substantially as described.

16. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer of comminuted combustible material Whose particles are loose with respect to each other, and a container disposed about said material to hold the same in place about the core-bar, substantially as described.

17. A casting-core element comprising a core bar, a layer of comminuted material Whose particles are loose with respect to each other surrounding the same, a container holding the said layer in place about the core-bar, and a coat of refractory material disposed about the container, substantially as described.

18. A casting-core element comprising a core bar, a layer of comminuted material Whose particles are loose with respect to each other surrounding the same, a container of combustible material holding the said layer in place about the core-bar, and a coat of refractory material disposed about the container, substantially as described.

19. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer of material surrounding the same, a container holding the said layer in place about the core-bar, and a coat of refractory material disposed about the container, substantially as described.

20. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer of material surrounding the same, a container of combustible material holding the said layer in place about the core-bar, and a coat of refractory material disposed about the container, substantially as described.

In witness whereof l hereunto subscribe my name this 17th day of October, A. D. 1903.

ROSW ELL GEORGE JAMES.

VV'tnesses:

Groen L. CRAGG, C. H. CRMWORD.

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