US727089A - Printing-telegraph. - Google Patents

Description

PATBNTED vMAY 5, 1903.

H. GASEVITZ.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

PPLIOATION Hum 001.10. 1901.

9 sums-snm 1.

No MODEL.

j PATENTED MAY 5, 1903.

H. CASBVITZ. PRINTING TELBGRAPH.

APPLIUATION FILED 00T. 10, 1901.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

PATNTED MAY 5, 1903.

j H. GASBVITZ. PRINTING TELEGRAPH.4

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 10, 1901.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

.N0 MODEL.

A l I.

No. 727,089. PATENTED MAY 5, 1903. H. GASBVITZ.

PRINTING- TBLEGRAPH.

APPLIUATION FILED 00T.10, 1901. No MODEL. I 9 SHEETS-SHEET 4.,

W/r/vfssfs: v @3% ma ymnms grens w. womumu., msnmuwn, u4 c No. 727,089. PATENTED MAY 5, y1903. E. CASBVITZ.

PRINTING TELBGRAPH.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 1o. 1901.

No MODEL.V 9 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

i I l i i I l JL. 'F5-L #ii-374, I I i i l w/ rmsssfs: /Nyf/vro/';

946/10@ 6W @MJ @941;

No. 727,089. PATENTBD MAY 5, 1903.l

H. GASEVITZ.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

APPLICATION FILED 0012.10, 1901.

N0 MODEL. 9 SHEETS-BREST 6.

, l INVENTOR: WITNESSES; 5147/ (W/j' MM BAM/neg' g@ No. 727,089. PATENTED MAY 5, 1903. H. GASEVITZ.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

APPLIOATIQN FILED ooT.1o, 1901. Y No nonm.. e SHEETS-snm 7.

1m; Norzjls PETERS cn, pnorouno.. wAsmNamN. n. c.

No. 727,089. PATENTBD MAY 5, 1903.

H. CASBVITZ. PRINTING TELBGRAPH. APPLICATION FILED 00T. 10, 1901. N0 MODEL. 9 SHEETS-SHEET '41.

'3i' me Tra/maier Wg!) jfyja/ FaZ'ze/jy -illlI-I I'II'l* W/ /V E S S E8 .f /A/l/f/v fof? f 1H: mums PETERS co. Puma-uma., wAsmNoToN n c PATENTED MAY 5, 1903.

v H. CASEVITZ. PRINTING TELBGRA-PH.

y APPLIoATIon rmzn 00:12.19, 1901. no norm.. e snnnTs-snnm a.

INVENTOR:

WITNEssEs; @zml By fofneys,

ten 111111.

rammed May 5, 190s.`

HENRY CASEVITZ, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

PRINTING-TELES RAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPai-.ent No. '727.089, dated May 5, 1903- pplication tiled October 10, 1901. Serial No. 78,241. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, HENRY CASEVITZ, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and usefulmprovemenlsin Printing Telegraphy, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The apparatus hereinafter described, which I have named teletype, can be used either for transmission ofprinted messages by means of a single wire, the impression being made on a strip or sheet of paper, or for writ-ing in the usual manner of writing-machines. It acts on the following principle:

Principla1t is known that the system of binary numeration-that is to say,that having 2 for its baserequires only two numerals 0 and 1 and that by a greater or less number of these numerals We can represent all the natural numbers. Thus 1 is written 1,7 2 is written 10, 3 is Writ-ten 11, 4:22 is written 100, 8:23 is written 1000,7 16:24 is written 10000, 32:25 is written 100000, 63 is writ- If then We have six differentI organs each capable of taking two dierent positions, which We here term the two positions 0 and 1, we see that with these six organs we can produce sixty-four different combinations corresponding to the natural numbers from 0 to 63, inclusive.- Tliese combinations are respectively The accompanying drawings are different vie/ws of a teletype.

Figure 1 is an internal View showing the mechanism. Fig. 2 is a plan, and Fig. 3 is a front view, various details being omitted for the sake of clearness. Figs. 4 to 10, inelusive, show separately the registering organs the relative movements of which produce the relative shiftings of the printingroller. Fig. 11 is a perspective diagram illustrating the action of the various mechanical organs, and Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the electrical connections. Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic perspective View ot` an apparatus simplilied for telegraph-ofiices. Figs. 14 and 15 show an arrangement of the manipuiatingkeys in the case of a machine for Writing arranged as in Figs. 1 and 12. Figs. 16 and 17 show straight keys Vfor the same purpose. Fig. 18 is a diagram of the installation, and Fig. 19 shows the distribution of the conducting-blades on which the transmitting-keys act. Fig. 20 is a longitudinal section of the register. Figs. 2l' and 22 are diagrams of parts hereinafter referred to. Fig. 23 is a diagram similar to Fig. 18, showing the parts in another position. Fig. 24 is a diagram ot the installation of Fig. 21. Figs. 25 and 26 are face and rear edge views, respectively, of one of the drums.

In the teletype the receiving-organs are polarized electromagnet-s 1 2 3 4 5 6, the armatures 7 8 9 10 11 12 of which can take two positions. The position of rest, which is also that when a negative current passes, corresponds to the numeral 0 and the position when a positive current passes and when the armature is attracted to the magnet correspends to 1.

As above explained, each of the magnets corresponds to an order of unity of the binary system of numeration.

Begreifen-The name register is applied to the combination of organs which register the positions of the armatures. The register comprises a spindle 13, and it being understood that each sixty-fourth part of a revolution of this spindle corresponds t0 a unit of the first order in the binary system, then when the magnet 1 acts the spindle 13 turns one unit of the first order-namely, one sixtyfourth of a revolution. On the action of magnet 2 the spindle 13 turns a unit of the second order-that is to say, spindle 13 turns a unit @2;:52 of a revolution. Magnet 3 acting, spindle 13 turns a unit of third order, Magnet 4 acting, spindle 13 turnsa u nit ot fourth order, S,:-. Magnet 5 acting, spindle 13 turns a unit ot' fifth order, g= Magnet 6 acting, spindle 13 turns a unit of sixth order, Thus to producetwentyfive sixty-fourths of a revolution will require the release of magnet 5, which produces sixteen sixty-fourths of a revolution; magnet 4, which produces eight sixty-fourthsv of a l revolution, and magnet 1, which produces one sixty-fourth of a revolution. Vhen these three magnets are energized, the total movement of the shaft will represent the sum of the lengths of the slots in the several corresponding drums. A type-wheel on the shaft and on which the characters are separated by one sixty-fourth of a circumference will accordingly rotate to the desired point. The corresponden ce between the number 011001 and the energizing of the magnets 1,4, and 5 will be seen by observing that the first, fourth, and fifth characters of this number are of one kind, representing the three magnets which are energized, while the other characters are of the opposite kind, representing the mag-V nets which are not energized.

Operation of spindle lf3-Clockwork (not shown on the drawings in order to avoid complication) tends to turn the spindle 13 in the direction of the arrow. A drum 14 is keyed on 13, and five other drums-15 to 19, inclusive-are mounted loosely on 13, each carrying a disk ot different diameter vfrom its drum, disk 20 on 15, 2l on 16, 22 on 17, 23 on 18, and 24 on 19. A disk 25 is also loose on .the shaft, but carries a pawl 29, engaging a long groove in the drum 19, so as to arrest said drum when the latter has made thirtytwo sixty-fourths of a revolution. The organs which work drum 14 are mounted on 20, The organs which work drum 15 are mounted on 21. The organs'which Work drum 16 are mounted on 22. The organswhich work drum 17 are mounted on 23. The organs which work drum 18 are mounted on 24. The organs which work drum 1t) are mounted on 25. I have therefore shown separately in Figs. 4 to 10, inclusive, how these drums and disks are arranged. Clockwork tends to turn the spindle 13, and consequently the drum 14, in the direction of the arrow; but this drum is stopped by a pawl 26, carried by the disk 20 and engaging a stop 27, extending only partially across the drum, as shown in Figs. 25 and 26. The drum 14 has a groove 28 (similar to 32, Fig. 26) lying alongside and out of line with the stop 27 and pawl 2G, as indicated, so as to pass the pawl in returning to zero, as hereinafter described, in which engages a second pawl 29, also carried on 20. The electromagnet 1, by attracting its armature 7, can disengage the pawl 26 'from the stop 27. When the magnet 1 acts, it withdraws the pawl `26, and the drum 14 thus freed turns in the direction of the arrow until the pawl 20 reaches the end of the groove 28. Two springs 30, carried also by the disk 20, press the pawls 26 and 29 against the drum 14. The groove 28 in the drum 14 allows the disk 20 to turn one sixty-fourth of a revolution relatively to the shaft and the drum 14. The other drum l5 and disk 21 are similarly arranged; but the groove 31 in the drum 15 allows it to turn one thirty-second of a revolution. In like manner the groove 32 of 16 allows it to turn one-sixteenth ot' a revolution, the groove 33 of 17 allows it to turn one-eighth ofa revolution, the groove 34 of 18 allows it to turn one-fourth of a revlution, the groove 35 of 19 allows it to turn one-half of a revolution. The disk 25 is normally held lixed, so that until the pawl 36 is Withdrawn it cannot move, but the shaft 13 may rotate within it. That being understood, it is clear that the drum 1Q cannot revolve until the magnet 6 is energized, the drum 18 cannot revolve until the magnet 5 is energized, and soon to the end; but if any one of the magnets is energized all the drums between thedrum corresponding to such magnet and the drum 14, including the latter, can turn through an arc depending on the length of the groove therein. Thus it is seen that Whenever the magnet 1 acts the drum 14 is freed, and consequently the spindle 13 turns one sixty-fourth; when magnet 2 acts, freeing drum 15, spindle 13 turns one thirtysecond; when magnet 3 acts, freeing drum 16, spindle 13 turns one-sixteenth; when magnet 4 acts, freeing drum 17, spindle 13 turns oneeighth; When magnet 5 acts, freeing drum 18, spindle 13 turns one-fourth; when magnet (i acts, freeing drum 10, spindle 13 turns onehall". The disk 25 is normally held in a fixed position by the armature 36 of the magnet 37. It is thus seen that the movement of each of the drums 14 to 19, inclusive, corresponds to a shift through an angle proportional to the units ot the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth order in the binarysystem and that by energizing the magnets 1 to 6, inclusive, angular movements ofthe spindle 13 are 0btained corresponding to units ot' the several orders.

It, for instance, a shit't of twenty-tive sixtyfourths of a revolution were desired, since 25 is written in the binary system as 011001, it is sufficient to energize the magnets 1, 4, and 5. In like manner a shift of forty-seven sixty-fourths is effected by energizing the magnets 1 2 3 4 6, since 47 is Written 101111.7

Type-wheel.-The spindle 13 is connected to a type-wheel having onits circumference sixty-four different characters, any one of which can be brought to one place by the action of the magnets 1 to 6.

Return of reg/ster o .sera-In this position of the type-wheel some of the drums 14 to 10, inclusive, are held by their pawls 26 and some by the pawls 29. Those which have been moved and are held by the pawls 29 must then be restored to their original position. In this restoration I use a fixed rod or bar 44, Figs. l and 4 to 9, in the following manner: The magnet 37 is energized and the disk 25 is freed, and thereupon the spindle 13 and the other drums make a complete revolution and the tails 38 to 43, inclusive, of the pawls 29 are brought against the rod 44. If we suppose that the drum 15 is held .by its pawl 26 in its original position with relation to the drum 16, then the pawl 39 on striking the rod 44 will be merely raised and allowed to return into the groove when the rod 44 has been IKO IIO

passed. If we suppose now that the drum 16 has moved from its original position with relation to the drum 17, so that the pawl has reached the rear end of the groove 32, then this pawl on striking the rod 44 is raised and is held in its raised position, the drum 16 is freed from the drum 17 and is moved by the clockwork driving the spindle 13 turning until its pawl 26 engages the stop 27, and at this moment the drum 16 will turn the disk 22, and with it the pawl 40, causing it to pass 44 and drop int-o its groove 32, thus restoring the parts to their original positions. In the turning of the drum 16 the narrow groove 32, Figs. 25 and 26, passes freely alongside the pawl 26 without engaging the latter, the pawls 26 and 40 and the corresponding grooves being out of line with each other, as shown. the action ot' the single magnet 37 and the rod 44 all ,the pawls 26 are made to engage the stops 27, the spindle 13 and the drums being brought to their initial position.

The register is the chief organ of the teletype. It may be modified by increasing or diminishingthe number ot electromagnets. It has many applications. Hereinafter are described teletypes for private use; also, teletypesfor ofce work.

Teleg/pe for1 Private Use.

Receiver.-'l`his apparatus is shown diagrammaticallyin Figs. 11 and 12 and as constructed in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Itis a machine for writing at a distance and can also serve as an ordinary Writing-machine. The register is arranged in the lower part and works a bevel-wheel 45, which gears with another equal bevel-wheel 46, which by a spindle 47, provided with a universal joint, works a typewheel 48, which has a square hole litting on a square vertical axis 49, which is connected by a universal joint with 47 and which may slide up or down in the type-wheel 48 as the type-wheelmoves laterally. The type-wheel 48 is carried on a carriage having four wheels 50 running on rails 51 and a rack 52. The

carriage,with thetype-wheel and rack,moves in front of a roller 53, on which can he placed a sheet ot paper held by small rollers 54. A spiral spring 55, 'inclosed in a barrel, (shown only in Fig. 3 in order to avoid complication of the drawings) strains a cord 56, which tends always to draw the carriage toward the left. The rack 52 gears with a Wheel 57, on the axis 58 ot which, termed the i impression-axis, is mounted a second wheel 59, having as many teeth as 52, and a second Wheel 60, also having the same number of teeth and furnished witha pawl 6l. termed the manipulating-axis, parallel to the former, carries, first, a wheel 63, having a single tooth gearing with 59; secondly, a wheel 64, provided with a notch and a projection 66; thirdly, a ratchet-wheel 67 68,- worked by an anchor 69; fourthly, a brush 70, moving over a-ixed circle of insulated Thus it appears that by.

back to its initial position, as -hasbeen ex- A second axis 62, t

sectors 7l; lifthly, a clockwork, (not shown in the drawings,) which tends to turn the manipulating-axis in the direction of the arrow. Finally, the roller 53 is mounted on a frame 72, which can be pushed by the projection of the wheel 64 so as to produce' contact of the roller with the type-wheel, and consequently the impression of the character presented to the roll on the paper. Thedouble ratchet-wheel 67 68 consists of two ratch- Vets, each having six teeth arranged on sixeighths of their circumference, so that when they have been turned six-eighths of a-revolution they turn the other two-eighths of themselves by reason of the clockwork referred to. The circle of sectors 7l comprises six sectors, likewise arranged over six-eighths of its circumference and corresponding to the six-eighths of arevolution made by the teeth ot' the ratchet-Wheels. v

The machine operates as follows: lt takes place in eight periods. At each ofthe periods one to six there arrives by line a current now -i-,now -,which acts on the polarized relay'73. (See Fig. 12.) This relay sends a current of the same sign as that received on the one hand to the electromagnet 74, which works the anchor 69, and on the other hand to the brush 70, which is bearing on one of the sectors 71. The first of these sectors is Y connected to the electromagnet 1, the second to magnet 2, and so on. The local current sent by the brush 70 actuates successively each of the magnets when the current received is positive, but does not actuate them when the current is negative, the magnets being polarized for this purpose. At the end `of the sixth period the register and consequently the wheel 45, have taken a position corresponding to the order in which the six currents from the line have followed each other. -At the same time at each of the six periods the ratchet-wheel 67 68 has advanced a tooth, andv consequently the brush 70 a sector. At this mome'ntthe anchor faces the part which has no teeth and the ratchetwheel by itself moves over the remaining twoeighths. At the seventh periodthe projection 66 of the wheel 64 bears against the frame 72 and produces the impression. At lthe eighth period the single tooth of the wheel 63 engages 59 and moves it one tooth around,

along with 51 and 52, and at this moment the electric circuit, battery 77, brush` 75,-wheel 63, wheel 59, brush 76, electromagnet 37, and

. battery 77 is closed by the teeth of63 and 59,

which are engaged, and the register is brought plained.

The recoil or return ofthe type-wheel to the beginning of a new line and the advance of the paper for such new line are automatically eitected by contact of the terminals 78 and 79 V'on the register-wheel vwit-h terminals 88 80 and 80 81 on the frame 72. Benoit- We have seen that .at each' revolution of the axis 62the wheels 59'and'60, and

IIO

consequently the rack and the type-wheel, advance one step. When the type-wheel has thus reached the end of a line, it has to be moved back, and this for a certain position of the register, which may be termed the recoil position. Two pins 7S and 79 on the wheel 45 present themselves to contacts 8S and or 80 and 81. At the seventh periodthat is to say,when the projection 66 rocks the frame 72-88, 80, and 81 and at the same time 88 come in contact with 78, and 80 in contact with 79, and the circuit of the local battery is closed, as followsrbattery 77, magnet 82, magnet 83, contacts 84: 85 (these terminals S4 and S5 being normally in contact, as hereinafter explained) 88 78 79 80, battery. The armature 133 of magnet 82 has an upwardlyprojecting tooth or pawl 85, Figs. 2, 11, and 22, adapted to enter a notch 65, and thus stop the axis of manipulation. A spring 134 holds the pawl-out of the notch when the magnet is not energized. The magnet 83 attracts its armature and releases the pawl 61 from the teeth of wheel 60, so that the rack thus freed recoils under the action of the spring 55. The two contacts 84 85', Fig. 12, are placed on the frame of the teletype. A projection 128 from the rack, when the carriage reaches the end of its stroke to the right, breaks the contact of 84 and 85', and consequently opens lthe circuit of battery 77, magnet 82, magnet 83, contacts 84:M 85 88 7 8 79 80, battery. The magnets 82 and 83 release their armatures, the tooth 6l engages the teeth of the wheel 60, the magnet 83 releases the axis of manipulation, which, continuing its revolution in the eighthfperiod, brings the register back to its initial position.

New tina-For a certain position of the register-wheel the pins 78 79 come to face 81 and 80 and put them in communication in the seventh period, making the following circuit: battery, magnet 89, contacts 81 79 78 80, battery. The magnet 89, attracting its armature 90, acts on the rod 91, which causes the ratchet-Wheel 92 to turn one tooth, and with it the roller 53.

Transmitter-I have studied various systems of transmitting, which are shown in Fig. land in Figs. 14 to 18, inclusive. In principle in order to print a certain character it is suflicient to send into line six successive short currents, the directions of which depend on the character. If, for instance, We wish to transmit the thirty-eighth character on the type-wheel, since in the binary system 38 is written 100110, the successive currents to be sent are -l- -l- -l- 'lhe transmitter consists of keys each corresponding to one of the characters. Each key carries a rubbing contact which when the key is depressed rubs successively over six blades, each of which is connected to one of the poles of a double battery, the middle element of which is connected to earth. The rubbing contact, therefore, receives sixsuccessive currents, which are sent to line, and consequently to the receiving-station. When the key reaches the end of its stroke, it breaks the connection of the rubber with the line and is then raised by a spring. On reaching the end of its upstroke it restablishes the connection of the rubber to the line, which is then ready to act again. YIn other kinds of 4keys, which I prefer and which I shall describe, the downward movement of the key makes no communication between the rubber and the line which is eected by its return stroke. The keys shown in Fig. 1 and in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 are of this kind. 93 is the contact-rubber. 94 and 95 indicate two contact-springs which close the circuit when the key 9G is at the extreme of its downstroke. 97 is the return-spring. 9,8 and 99 are two tappets which when struck by the key-lever raise and lower the rod 100,which makes and breaks Fig. 16 shows a direct key without lever. 101 is the contact-rubber. 102 103 are the contacts, alternately closed and opened by the rod 104. The key is lreturned by the spring 105. Fig. 17 shows a piston-key in which the compression and expansion of the air in the cavity 106 effects the opening and closing of the contacts 102 103 by the rod 1011. Figs. 18 and 23 show also diagrammatically the mounting of the transmitter with the relay 74 and the two levers for transmission and reception 107 and for transmission in writing 108 and finally an inversion-key 109, the`use of which I shall hereinafter describe.

Inversionkey.-In order to simplify the arrangement of the transmitter the sixty-four signals have been reduced to thirty-two by grouping the signals in pairs in such a manner that each may, so to speak, be the complement of the other-that is to say, that the positive current of the one corresponds to a negative current of the other. Thus the signal 011010, or -l- -l- -lhas for its complement 100101, or -i- The inversion-key changes the direction of the current given by the transmitting-battery, and thus converts a signal into its complement. Fig. 19 shows diagrammatically the 'arrangement of the blades relatively to the battery, as well as that of lthe inversion-key 109. The special lever 107 connects the transmitter and receiver 0f each apparatus and allows change from the receiving to the transmitting position. 18 and 23, allows of sending to earth instead of to line the current issuing from the receiver during transmission. In these conditions the machine serves simply for writing.

The several parts shown in Figs. 18 and 23 A second lever 10S, Figs.

operate as follows: The contacts to 155, ,n

corresponding to each character, are connected tothe battery through the inversion-key 109. Any one of the several types of iingerkeys may be used. That shown in Fig. 23 comprises a rod 156, which carries at its base a cylinder 106, carrying lateral spring-terminals 157. A piston 159, furnished with arod 154, slides in the cylinder 106, the outer end 158 of the rod being of insulating material; but the body thereof is ofv conducting material. A plate is arranged below the lower end of the rod and carries a pair of spring-terminals 102 103, the space between which is adapted to be bridged by the conducting portion of the rod 104, and which terminals through the keys 107 108 are connected either to the line or to the earth, according as the apparatus is to serve as a telegraph or a writing machine. When the key 1051s pressed, the spring-157 passes in succession over the several contacts 150 to 155; but no current passes, because there is a break betweenthe rod 104 and the terminals 102 103. When the key is near the end of its downward movement, the air contained between the top of the cylinder 106 and the piston 159 becomes sufficiently com pressed to bear on the piston and force the end of its rod betweenthe springs 102 103, Ihus connecting it to the line, so that as the key rises under the action of the spring 105 the terminal 157 again passes successively over the contacts 155 to 150 a-nd this time successively connects the line with each of these contacts. When the key is raised nearly to the limit of its upper movement, the piston is engaged by the lower end of the cylinder 106, and the rod is separated from the terminals 102 v103, thus restoring .the parts to their original position.

The key 107 has two purposes: first, it puts into the circuit or. cuts out from the circuit the transmission-keys, so as to permit of transmission or reception of-messages; second, it causes the current to pass always in the same direction through the electromagnet 74 whatever be the operation-that is to say, whether it be transmission or reception. The key 107 operatessimultaneously four switch plates 160 to 163, which operate between eight contacts 164 to 171. Fig. 18, which is the position for the reception of messages, the sending-keys being cut y out, the current comes from the line and passes in succession through key .108, 170,

163,172, magnet 71,173,162, 168,160,161,

166, 161, to earth. If the currentis positive, as determined at the sendingend of the line, it traverses the magnet 74 in the direction 172 17 3, and in the opposite direction if it-is negative. When the key is pressed down, Fig. 23, Vfor the sending of messages, the current passes from the battery by the intermediation of the sending-key 105 and then by way of 103, 165, 160, 171, 163, 172, magnet 74, 173, 162, 169, and key 108 to the line. In this case, as in receiving, the plus current traverses the magnet`74 in the direction 172 173, so that the key 107 determines that the positive current shall always pass through the magnet 74 in .the same direction.

The key 108 operates a single plate 17 4, connecting at one sideto a line-terminal 175 and at theother side toa ground-.terminal 176. When it is raised, as shown, the line is Vhen the key is raised,

in direct communication with the key107 for reception or transmission of messages. By lowering the key the 'blade 174 connects with the earth-terminal 176. In this position the circuit coming from the key 107 being sup posed in position for transmission, a current may besent from the battery through the magnet 74 and to ground without traversing the line, the circuit from the key 107 passing directly through 174 and 176 to earth. Being thus disconnected from the distance-line, the apparatus serves as a writing-machine.

The key 109 is-a simple inversion-key for two wires. When this key is pressed down, allthe contacts of the group 150 to 155, which are connected normally to the positive pole of the battery, become connected to the negative pole, and inversely. This key allows of reducing the number of keys employed to one-half that which would be necessary without it, each sending-key being capable of sending into the line two combinations of signals, one with the key 109 raised, the other with the same key lowered.

The keys are arranged in three rows, each often, numbered from left to right. 'Iwo keys 112 113 at the lower part of the board correspond to the blank and the period and to the Vrecoil and change of the line.

The following table indicates, merely by way of example, how I establish correspondence among the diierent keys and their representation in the binary system, as well as the corresponding characters.

Inversion-lever raised. Inversion-lever down.

Bi- Deci Char- Bi- Deei- Char- ROWS Keys' nary m acters. nary mal. acters.

1 1 111111 63 a 000000 0 A 2 111110 62 z 000001 1 Z 3 111100 60 e 000011 l3 E 4 111101 61 r 000010 2 R 5 111001 57 t 000110 6 T 6 111000 56 y 000111 7 Y 7 111010 58 u 000101 5 U 8 111011 59 i 000100 4 I 9 110011 51 o 001100 12 O y 10 110010 50 p 001101 13 P 2 1 110000 48 q 001111 15 Q 2 110001 49 s 001110 14 S 3 110101 53 d 001010 10 y rD 4 110100 52 f 001011 11 F 5 110110 54 g 001001 J G 6 110111 55 Y h 001000 S H 7 100111 39 j 011000 24 J 8 100110 38 k 011001 25 K 9 100100 36 l 011011 27 L 10 100101 37 n1 011010 26 M 3 .1 100001 33 x 011110 I 30 X 2 100000 32 c 011111 31 C 3 100010 34 v 011101 29 5V 4 100011 35 b 011100 28 B 5 101011 43 n 010100 20 N 6 101010 42 6 010101 21 v2 7 101000 40 7 010111 23 3 8 101001 41 8 010110 22 4 9 101101 45 Y 9. 010010 18 5 10 101100 44 010011 19 1 4 f 1 101110 46 010001 17 blank 2 101111 47 line 010000 16 y recoil IOO IIO

Hence the characters are arranged on the* type-wheel thus: A Z R E I UT Y H G D FOPSQrecoil blank51 N243JKML BwVXCcX-vblmkj786n,9.lineqs pofdghytuierza?.

The apparatus for telegraph-offices is shown 4brush and its six contacts.

diagrammatically in Fig. 13. It is greatly simplified, for it has none of the special provisions for writing on paper. It comprises only a register 110, having on it a type-Wheel 11. A paper strip 114 moves under 11, and a roller 87 presses it, when required, against 11. The impression-axis is dispensed with. There remains only the axis of manipulation 115, carrying two Wheels 116 117, the ratchetwheels 118 119 and the brush 120 moving over the sectors 121. Two sets of clockwork (not shown) actuate the register and the axis of manipulation. The relay 122, like that in the private apparatus, takes a local current instead of the line-currents.

The periods one to six are still employed for the action of the register by the seven electromagnets, and at the seventh the impression is produced by the action of the projection 123 on the lever 124, which carries the roller 87. At the eighth period the paper is moved onward by the turning of the rollers 125 and consequently the advance of a strip by the single tooth 126 of the wheel 116. At the same time the contact 127, which closes the circuit of the magnet 37, (for moving the register back to zero,) is actuated by the projection 123.

The transmitter consists merely of a doublecontact key.

The alphabet is simply like a Morse code, every character, however, consisting of six signals. The transmitter may also consist ot' a set of six double-contact keys combined with a distributer which sends successively into line positive or negative currents,accord ing to the position ofthe several keys. The diagram Fig. 21 illustrates the arrangement of the circuits for such a transmitter, 130 being the brush, and 131 the sectors, of the dist-ributer and 132 being the double-contact keys. The currents are received in the same order and translated, as has been explained. In order to simplify the figure, there is represented only the group of six keys and the The axis of the brush 130 is connected to the line similarly to the transmitters previously described by means of a key, such as 107, a magnet 174, and a key 103. (Not represented in this figure, but shown in Figs. 18and 23.) In order to show the general arrangement of the system Where the transmitter of Fig. 21 is employed, I have added a diagram Fig. 24. It is apparent by a simple inspection of Figs. 21 and 24 that the transmitter is composed of six keys 132, each connected to one of the blades of the distributer 131. Normally each key is raised and is connected by its upper contact with the positive pole of the double battery, the center of which is connected to earth. By lowering one or more of the keys they may contact with their lower terminals, connected to the negative pole of the battery. A clock-movement turns continually the brush 1.30, which thus successively puts the line in contact with the different sectors of the distributer 131, and consequently With the keys and with the battery. All the raised keys thus send into thevline a positive current and all the lowered keys a negative current. By lowering one or more keys the proper currents for a desired combination of signals can be sent into the line. This general arrangement is well known and is only claimed here in its application to my system.

Compared with systems ot transmission founded on the same principle my system has the important advantage of dispensing entirely with the synchronism necessary for printing apparatus employed in telegraphy.

The operation of the several elements of the apparatus having been described in detail, I will describe brieiy the operation of the whole, referring especially to Figs. 1 to 12. The current coming from the line sets in operation the drums to turn the pinions 45 46, which con trol the type-wheel 48. The

pinions and the type-wheel are connected by a rod furnished with two universal joints and terminating in a square portion 49, which slides in a square socket provided in the center of the wheel 48. This sliding connection furnishes the necessary facility for moving the Wheel to greater or less distance from the lower point of its driving-shaft. The necessary drums having been operated, the typewheel turns to the proper angle to present a determined letter in front ot the roller 53. Then the ratchet-wheels 67 68 receive their rotary movement, carrying their axis. The projection 66 of the wheel 64, mounted on this axis, bears against the frame 72, asseen best in Fig. 1l, and thus produces the impression. The operating shaft continuing its rotation, the wheel 63 engages the Wheel 59, turning a distance of one tooth the carriage which carries the type-wheel and at the same time closing an electric circuit,which sends a current through the electromagnet 37 to carry the type-wheel around to its starting-point. The backward return of the typewheel carriage at the end of each line is accomplished by the sending of a particular sign al which stops the operating-shaft of the machine by means of the electromagnet 32 and at the same time frees the shaft, which causes the travel of the type-wheel carriage by means of the electromagnet 61, thus permitting the return of the carriage under the action of the spiral spring wound around the barrel 55. The electromagnets 61 and 82 are released by the breaking of the current at 84 and 85 produced by the movement of the bridge 128, which is carried by the type-wheel carriage, Fig. 12. The change of the line occurs also by the sending of a particular signal which produces a local current in the electromagnet 89, which by means ot the lever 90 and rod 91 acts on the pinion 92, carried by the shaft of the carriage 53.

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Having thus described the nature of this invention and the best meansI know of carrying the same into practicaleffect, I claim- 1. .Inasignal-transmittingsystem, the combination of a series of electromagnets, aregistering apparatus composed ot' a series ofdrums, a rotary axis upon which the first drum is keyed and upon which thesubsequent drums are loose, a pawl connected to the second and each succeeding drum and normally engaging a stop inthe preceding drum, an operative connection between the armatures of the several electromagnets and the several pawls respectively, whereby the energizing of each magnet releases a corresponding pawl so as to permit the drum toY turn, and means for limiting the movement of the several drums to a determined angle corresponding to the character to be formed.

2. In a signal-transmitting system, the combination of a series of electromagnets, a registering apparatus composed of a series of drums, a rotary axis upon which the first drum is keyed and upon which the subsequent drums are loose, a pawl connected to the second and each succeeding drum and normally engaging a stop in the preceding drum, an operative connection between the armatures of the several electromagnets and the several pawls respectively, whereby the energizing of each magnet releases a corresponding pawl so as to permit the drum to turn, and a limiting-pawl attached to the second and each subsequent drum normally engaging a groove of determined length in the preceding drum, whereby when the first pawl is released by the energizing of the electromagnet the second pawl limits the relative rotation of the two drums through a determined angle.

3. In a signal-transmitting system, the combination of a series of electromagnets, a registering apparatus composed of a series of drums, a rotary axis upon which the first drum is keyed and upon which the subsequent drums are loose, a p'awl connected to the second and each succeeding drum and normally engaging a stop in the preceding drum, an

tromagnet adapted to be energized after the Y making of a signal, apawl engaging a stop on the last drumfof said series, andfmeans operated by said electromagnet for withdrawing said pawl to permit a complete rotation of said axis.

4. .In asignal-transmitting system, the combination of a series of electromagnets, a registering apparatus composed of a series of..

drums, a rotary axis upon which the first drum is keyed and upon which the subsequent drums are loose, a pawl connected to the second and each succeeding drum and normally engaging a stop in the preceding drum, an operative connection between the armatures ofthe several electromagnets and the several pawls respectively,whereby the energizing of each magnet releases a corresponding pawl so as to permit the, drum to turn, means for limiting the movement of the several drums to a determined angle correspondingto the character to be formed, and means for operating said electromagnets comprising a current-distributer, an .escapement controlling vthe same, an electromagnet controlling said escapement, a segmental gear carried bysaid escapement, a clock movement operating said escapement and rotating said segmental gear, and means-for producing impressions and moving the paper.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. Y

HENRY CASEVITZ.

Witnesses:

JULES ARMENGAUD, Jeune, MARCEL ARMENGAUD, Jeune.

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