US654984A - Process of producing steel. - Google Patents

Description

No. 654,984. Patented July 3|, I900.

E. M. JOHNSON.

. PROCESS OF PRODUCING STEEL.

(Application filed Apr. 17, 1900.)

(No Model.)

at the bottom than at the sides and top. I

ATENT Fries.

ELIAS M. JOHNON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING STEEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 654,984, dated July 31, 1900.

Application filed April 17, 1900. Serial No. 131215. (No specimens.)

To aZl whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELIAS M. J ortNsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, having invented new and useful Improvements in Processes of Producing Steel, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to the production of steel, and more particularly to a crucible process of incorporating and absorbing .such metals as chromium, tungsten, or titanium with the other materials in the making of the higher grades of steel. In the methods heretofore employed in the manufacture of steel of the grade referred to it has been difficult to obtain uniform results in different Ineltings, owing to the fact that if the mate-- rials to be incorporated are heavier than the steel they will remain at the bottom of the crucible and become coated with a thin covering of slag when the steel first begins to melt, thus interfering with the complete and uniform absorption of these heavier metals, even by long heating. incorporated are lighter than steel, theyrise to the top of the molten mass and become come pliant by heat they will readily liquefy and coalesce.

In my process I make use of a steel cup for containing the chromium, tungsten, or tita nium. These cups may be of different sizes,

depending upon the amount of material to be;

incorporated with the molten mass, and I preferably make the cup of greater thickness also use a cover for the steel cupin order that the materials inside-may not comein contact with the mass. When the cupbecomes thoroughly heated and softened,it absorbs the metals contained therein and forms cup which I use.

If the metals sought to be an alloy, which is then readily taken up and absorbed by the mass of molten steel. The advantages of such a procedure are that just the required amount of the metals to be incorporated may be used and a uniform result obtained.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, I have illustrated the auxiliary means which I employ in carrying out my improved process.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the steel Fig. 2 is a central vertical section thereof. Fig. 3 is a central vertical sectional view of a crucible containing the cup in an inverted position.

Like numerals designate like parts wher ever they occur in the diiferent views.

The numeral 1 designates a steel cup. 2 is the bottom thereof, and 3 indicates the side walls. It will be noticed that the bottom of the cup is much thicker than the side walls at the top. A plate or cover 4 is designed to be placed on top of the cup when used.

In carrying out my process I place in a cup similar to the one illustrated a quantity of either chromium, tungsten, or titanium and place the cover or plate 4 on the mouth of said cup. It will be'understood, of course, that I may use one of said metals, or I may place a quantily of two or all of the metals in the cup together, depending upon the character of the result which I desire to obtain. Ifthe percentage of the metals to be used should. be heavier than steel, I place the cup containing said metals in the crucible with its mouth or opening upward and covered by the plate 4. If the percentage should be such as to make it lighter than the steel, I invert the cup upon the cover after the metals have been placed therein and then place it in the crucible.

The specific gravity of each of the metals used is given below: chromium, 7.01; tungsten, 18.30; titanium, 3.9 to 4.25; steel, 7.75 to 7.55. Hence if the percentage should contain a quantity of chromium and titanium the steel.

The object of inverting the cup is that a greater resistance is offered'to the rise of the materials in the cup; and because this condition retards the mixture of the cup and its.

contents with the molten mass until the cup has thoroughly absorbed its contents and formed an alloy therewith which will readily coalesce.

Having thus fullyide'scribed my invention,

What I claim is 1. The process of incorporating metals with steel during its conversion which consists in placing in a closed metal receptacle metals which Willform an alloywithsaid receptacle, v placing the receptacle in acrucible and piling the charge of steel around it, heating the charge until the contents of the receptacle-- form an alloy with said receptacle, and con-.-

tinuingthe application-of heat until the alloy thus formedis-taken up and mixed WlththG entire charge;

2. "The process of incorporatingsuch metals withsteel during its conversion as will form an alloy therewith, whic'hconsists in placing such metals in a closed steel receptacle or cup, inserting said cup in a crucible, placing iron or steel scrap around the cup, and heating the whole mass until. theicup absorbs its contents and alloys therewith, and continuingthe applicationof heat until the alloy thus formed is absorbedby the mass, substan-

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