US645208A - Automatic stop-valve. - Google Patents

Description

No. 645,208.- l, Patented Mar. I3, |900.

l. MAYER &. J. HUBNER.

AUTOMATIC STUP VALVE.

(Application filed Oct. 9, 1899.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

HHIHHHHH No. 645,208. Patented Mar. I3, |900.

. l. MAYER & J. HUBNER.

VAUTOMATIC STOP VALVE.

(Application med oct. 9, m99.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheet s-Shee{ 2.

' /l//l/l//l/ UNITED STATES PATENT EErcEe IsIDoE vMATER AND JosEE HENEE, oEvIENNA, AUsTEIA-HUNGARY.

ALn-oilvl/vrlc sToP-vALvl-z.

PECFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 645,208, dated March 13, 1900. Application filed October 9 ,71899.` Serial No.- 732,995. (No model.)v

To @ZZ whom it mag/concern.-

Be it known that we, ISIDOR MAYER and JOSEF HUBNER, of Vienna', Austria-Hungary,

have Iinvented a certain new and useful Au-v tomatic Stop-Valve, of which the -following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved valve for automatically shutting olif the supply of steamfrom boilers upon the breaking of a pipe. Nearly all valves hitherto constructed for the purpose have a valve-closing body inserted in the steam-pipe and which in the normal working conditions is at rest when the passage is open, but directly the steam tlows in atan abnormally-rapid rate,-in consequence of the breakage of a pipe o r any other irregu larity, is automatically closed through the action of the ensuing diminution of pressure. Two kinds of arrangement are generally recognized, the closing body being either directly in the steam-current or outside of the same. In the irst case the closing body is pushed to by means of the steam flowing in suddenly upon the breaking ofthe pipe in combination with the ,diminished pressure brought about behind the valve. In thev second case--that is, when the closing body lies outside of the steam-current-it'is pushed onto its seating and simultaneously pressed down by the reduced pressure arising behind the valve inconsequence of the rapidlyliow-V ing steam supported by the extra pressure prevailing under the closing body of thevalve. Having regard to practical working, it thus appears to be of considerable importance that the closing of a valveof this kind should not be effected prematurely. Other-l wise very disagreeable consequences may result very easily in the case of a momentary increase in the quantity of steam exhausted, as frequently happens in working.

It seems suitable that the automatic closing should only occur when the reduced pressure resulting from the sudden exhaustion of steam behind the valve extends 'to about twenty per cent. of the steam tension in front ofthe valve. This reduction of pressure never occurs in regular working, but is certain to do so upon the breaking of a pipe, and if the automatic closing of the valve is effected at this limit there is security against any undesired shutting off by the valve. Valves constructed vin the manner hitherto known cannot fulfil this condition. Inorder to prevent any premature shutting oft, it is necessary that with increased steam7pressure and enlarged diameter of the pipes' the valvebody should be made constantly heavier or that the length of the throw should be made y greater. The lengthening of the throw, how# ever, causes the valve to act very irregularly when there is irregularity of steamfpres sure, and in order to obviate this disadvantage smaller throws are adopted. Themagain,

there are very4 considerable Weights for the automaticallyclosing valve-bod y. This, howL ever, produces other disadvantages. The larger weights require so much space that the valves cannot be produced in the normal constructionalldimensions. vMoreover, in the action of closing there is considerableshaking, and, finally, valves of the kind can only be put up in larger'sizes in such a manner that the valve-body is arranged in a perpendicu lar direction, which sometimes renders their employment impossible. The slightest deviation from the perpendicular arrangement of the-heavy valve-body at once produces an in' clination and thereby prevents the automatic closing. With large-size valves, moreover, the weights of the automatic-closing body in the case of moderate throws, which are des sirable for precise action, are so impracticably large and'heavy that hitherto it has always been resolved to employ small weights with large throws, an arrangement, however, which, as described, is attended with the great disadvantage of very uneven sensi bility.

Many attempts have been made to replace the necessary heavy weights of the self-closing valve-body by the arrangement of brakepistons or springs and the like acting in a sense opposed to the force of gravitation, or, in other words, to the closing direction. All these forms of construction have been found to be unreliable and labor under the funda' IOO during the working, but becomes greater or less.

The object of this invention is to provide a valve which is free from these disadvantages and leffects the closing automatically and under all degrees of steam-pressu re which occur, with very considerably reduced weights of the automatic valve-closing body when the red uction of pressure reaches a certain determined fraction of the steam-pressure prevailing at the time. This is attained by a suctional action produced by means of the steam flowing through, the object of which is to keep the valve-.body away from the closing position, and thus to a certain extent to increase the actual weight of the valve-body. This sucl tional action is further proportional to the pre- Vaili'ng steam-pressure, and thus creates for all conditions of working the ideally-correct weight of the V valve-body. At the moment when the reduction of pressure has reached a certain point it is overcome by the pressure which effects the automatic closing, as the suctional, or, in other words, pressure, effect of the quickly-flowing steam,and at this moment the automatic closing of the valve is' effected with certainty and without any shock.

In the accompanying drawingssome valves constructed in accordance with the invention are illustrated byway of example.

`Figure l is a sectional elevation'of a valve with a valve-closing body placed outside the steam-current. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of a cheek-valve with the valve-closingy body placed in the steam-current. Fig. 2a is a de.- tached View of the valve body and seat; Fig. 3, a sectional elevation of a cheek-valveiitted with mechanism for raising the valve-body. Fig. 4 is a similar View of the saine valve with the valve-body somewhat raised; Fig. 5i, an elevation, and Fig. 6 a horizontal section, of

v the saine on line :c in Fig.,3.

All the valves are c oxnbined'with return cu toff valves, which, however, form no part of this invention and, as a matter of course, may be omitted.

With reference to Fig. l of the drawings it will be seen that the automatically-closing valve-body A is inside the valve-casing and outside the steam-current. Thebody A is bored centrally and is seated with its lower evensurface B on a bearing C, which carries the spindle D, that projects into the cylindrical bore of the body A. Above the spindle D the body A is cone-shaped and furnished with one or more openings E. This characteristic form is com mon to all the modiiications illustrated. The steam flowing in the direction of the arrow produces in the known manner a local reduction of pressure above, or, in other words, behind, the coneshaped upper part of the closing body A by its ejection-like action, which exercises a raising effect on the closing body and to a greater extent in proportion to the degree of the steam-pressure and its velocity and the nearer s the closing body Ais to its seating-ring F.

As already explained, the weight for the closing body must be increased in proportion as the diameter of the valve lis enlarged and the steam -pressure increased and the smaller throw up to the closing position. In the present arrangement the reduction of pressure above the cone-shaped point or head of the body A produces a suctional action through the openings E and so a reduction of pressure in thatdirection, which extends through the pipe-shaped slit G between the spindle D and the bore of the body A to the ring-shaped slit H between the lower surface B of the body and the upper seating-surface J of the bearing C when body A is slightly raised therefrom. Slit H is most clearly shown in Fig. 2t. By this suctional action the body A is pressed down forcibly onto the seating-surjface J of the bearing C and with greater force as the steam-pressure and the velocity of the current increase and in exact proportion as required by the ideally-necessary increase of weight in the closing body in order that no premature automatic closing may occur. If now the reduction of pressure above the valve A exceeds a certain degree-viz. that at which with suitable determined dimensions-theautomatic closing should occurthe constantlyincreasing suctional action of the quicklyfiowing steam preponderates on the whole upper surface 0f` the body A, and Supported bythe extra pressure of the steam confined in the chamber K theautomatic closing occurs precisely, but proportionately slowly and Withont'shoclg. As willalso be seen, the sa me purpose is effected bythe suctional action face'J of the bearing C, as bythe employ ment of suitably-large weights lfor the body A, this suctional action being to certain extentthe same as thev creation of an ideal Weight and Securing the Same advantagesviz.,a sufficiently-late shutting off, with proportionally-sinall .throwi-withou t, however, being burdened with the disadvantages attending the employment of large weights, as described.

Fig. 2 illustrates the form of the valve-body A in a cheek-Valve when the former is placed in the steam-current. In this `case also the body A is seated on lthe seating-surface J of the bearing C and has a suction-opening E. In this figure only one such central opening E is formed in the diameter of the spindle, and it is easy lto see that the number and size of the openings E are determined by the eX- tent of the suctional action at the slitH and render possible a variation in the moment at which the automatic closing occurs. In this arrangement, moreover, the bearing C, as well as the lower part of the valve body- A, is brought to ahead in the form of a cone against the iniiowing steam partly for the purpose of diminishing the resistance occurring upon thev iniiowin'g, but particularly with-the object of i supporting the suctional action to be pro- IIO duced in the slit H. As will be seen, the diameter of the upper surface of the bearing C is somewhat larger than that of the under seating-surface of the valve-body A. Hereby.

through the steam owin g upward around the cone-shaped bearing C along the line indicated by arrows in Fig. 2 and acting like an E along the spindle D. This arrangement,

position. of the connections.

with the valve-body in the flowing steam, acts, as can be seen, substantially in a similar manner as that represented in Fig. 1 by means of the suctioual action oi' the seatingslit H. f

' The arrangementillustrated in Figs. 3 and et in connection with a cheek-valve is similar to that in Fig. 2 and differs only in the Moreover, in this case the valve-body A is arranged to be raised by means of a lever M, which projects into the same. The leverMis seated on the spindle N, which projects beyond the casing. This spindle carries the hand-wheel O, bearing the inscriptions Shut and Open and in addition to this an adjusting-tappet Pof any preferred construction. Herebyit is possible to close and to open 'the valve-body A from outside in the manner known to regulate its position from outside also and finally to ix'it in any position. In order that the valve. may be more sensitive, as is sometimes desired', the closing body A in this arrange-` ment can be raised to a certain extent-by `turning the rotary lever M. (SeeFig. 4.) In

order that the described suctional action at the slit H may be assured in every position, the lower part of the-bodyA in this arrangement engages with lthe seating plate or bearing C in such a manner that the suctional action at the slit H necessary for the special working is assured in every position. This arrangement is thence exactly similar in its action as that described in Fig. 2.

As will readily be seen, the valve for use in case of the breaking of a pipe and as constructed according to this invention renders.

possible the sure working in all conditions and positions, as no crowding of the weight, which in spite of the shortness of the throw is very light, can occur, and the suctional action at the seating-slit described and which produces the peculiar action of this valve isv obviously quite independent of the force of gravitation.

IVe claim- 1. In an automatic stop-valve, the combination with a valve-case, having a horizontallyarranged val ve-seat,of a fusiform valve-body,

truncated at its bottom end, the saidvalvebody being located below the said valve-seat, and adapted to move toward it, a cylindric stud arranged below the base of the valvebody, and adapted to support the said valvebody, and a passage or passages extending from the top of the valve-body to its base, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In an automatic stop-valve,the combination with a valve-case, having a horizontallyarrau ged val ve-seat,of a f usiform valve-body,

rprovided with an axial bore and truncated at its ybottom end, the said valve-body being located below the said valve-seat,and adapted to move toward it, a cylindric stud arranged below the truncated bottom end of the valvebody and adapted tosupport the said valvebody, and a rod extending from the top surface of the said stud into the axial bore of the valve-body, the said rod being of such a diameter'as to form with the sides-of the axial bore of the valve au annular free space, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In an automatic stop-valve,the combination with a valve-case, adapted to have the steam flowing through it from below upward,

and having the valve-seat arranged horizontally, of a fusiform valve-body, truncated at its bottom end, the said valve-body being located below the said seat and adapted to move toward it, a cylindric stud arranged below the truncated bottom end ot the valve-body, the saidfstud being adapted to support the said valve-body and -being of larger diameter than the base of the valve-body so as to extend a vlittle beyond said base, and a passage or passages extending from the top of body toits bottom, substantially thepurpose set forth'.

f 4. In an automaticstop-valve,the combination with a valve-case, having a horizontallyarranged valve-scat, a fusit'orm valve-body with a central opening, the valve truncated at its bottom, the valve-body being located below said valve-seat, and adapted to move toward it, a stud fixed to the case below the valve and extending upwardly into saidzopening and but partially illing theopening, the upper end of the opening being in communication with the space above the top of the valve and with a space or slit' under a part of lthe valve-body, whereby the suctional action of fluid Iiowing by the top of the valve i11- creases the pressure required to close the valve, asset forth.

asv and for l roo Signed at Vienna, Austria-Hungary, this 1899. f IsIDoR M AYER. Josnr HUBNER.

26th day of September,

Witnesses:

ALvEsro S. HoGUE, AUGUST FUGGER.

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