US638266A - Art of and apparatus for transforming energy of motive fluids. - Google Patents

Description

No. 638,266. Patented Dec.'5, I899.

' N. NILSSON. ART OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFOBMING ENERGY 0F MUTIVE FLUIDS.

(Application filed Sept. 29, 1898.)

4 Sheets-8heet -(Mo Model.)

In vendor Witnesses;

m: NORRxs FEYFRS C0,, PHO O-LITHOu WASHINGTON, o. c.

No. 638,266. Pate-nted llec. 5, I899.

N. NILSSUN. ART OF AND APPARATUS FOR TBANSFOBMING ENERGY 0F MOTIVE FLUIDS.

(Application filed. Sept. 29, 1898.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets8heet 2.

fnvenion' [Vila Nam-0.22

2y laid iiforaey m; mums PETER; co.v PHOTO-LITHQJWASHINOTON, 0.1:v

No. 638,266. Patented Dec. 5, I899.

N. NILSSON. ART OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ENERGY 0F MOTIVE FLUIDS.

(Application filgd Sept. 29, 189B.)

4 sheets-sheet a.

(No Model.)

p m ,1 d W Wihwarea;

No. 638,266. Patented Dec; 5,1899.

N. NILSSUN.

ART OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ENERGY 0F MOTIVE FLUIDS.

' filedS (Apphcatlon apt. 29, 1898.) 'No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 NIL.

'I z Inventor MIG/175568027,

ilnirrnn flrarns NILS NILSSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNOR TO THE NILSSON POWER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

ART OF APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ENFRGY OF MOTIVE FLUIDS.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 638.266. dated December 5. 1899. Application filed September 29, 1898. serial No. 692,173. \No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NILS NILSSON, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of and Apparatus for Transforming Energy of Motive Fluids, of which the following is a specification.

This invent-ion relates to the art of transforming the energy of motive fluids, and especially of those, such as the steam of water and similar vapors of other fluid substances, which are of an expansible andcondensable r5 character, the invention having for one of its objects an improvement in said art, whereby the energy of a motive fluid may be converted and then used effectively through the medium of one or more jets to operate a power device or mechanism, another object of the invention being to furnish improved mechanism by means of which such motive fluid may be so used and applied.

For carrying mypresent-improvements into 2 5 practice appliances of the simplest character may be used; but for greater convenience of application I prefer to employ an organized mechanismsuch, for example, as is included in the general class of apparatus commonly known as steam-turbines.

My invention may be fully carried out by the use of a single stream or jet of motive fluid; but in practice I deem itpreferable to employ a plurality of jets in order to obtain the maximum effect with an apparatus having a power-generator of a given size.

That improvement in the artof transforming energy which forms the subject-matter of the present invention is directed particularly to the conversion of the energy of an elastic fluid from a state in which the fluid is confined or under pressure to one in which the pressure is reduced in some suitable manner in at least one direction and utilized in an- ;5 other direction as energy of a somewhat-different form. It is known, for example, that when a confined elastic fluid under pressure is delivered in the form of a jet or stream to a driven member the pressure of the fluid transversely of its path of movement decreases, while the pressure longitudinally in the direction of greatest expansion increases the velocity of the moving fluid fora short time, the point at which the moving stream or jet has its greatest velocity being usually that at which the fluid is delivered to the driven member or mechanism. During this period in which the energy of the confined elastic fluid is converted from a pressure substantially equalized in all directions into ve- 6o locity longitudinally of the path of movement of the stream with but slight pressure transversely of such stream or jet substantially all of the energy of the fluid is concentrated in a given path, usually that defined by the walls of the passage or channel through which the fluid is delivered, and but very little of the energy of the expanding fluid, if properly used, is dissipated, the result being that substantially all of the force of the jet is applied to a definite area of the driven member to drive such member with maximum force, but little of the energy of the stream or jet being v wasted by transverse pressure or transverse expansion, forif properly used the jet will have but slight energy in such direction.

One form of apparatus constructed to utilize the force of a stream of motive fluid in the mannerjust described is shown and described in my prior application, Serial No. 626,805, filed March 10, 1897. In my present invention that method of utilizing the energy of an elastic motive fluid is retained, but in a form so modified thatavery much larger percentage of the force or energy of the fluid is used effectively, as I have demonstrated practically by numerous experiments. The essential feature which distinguishes this improvement in the art of transforming the en-. ergy of a motive fluid from such art, as heretofore practiced, is the charging of a jet of expansible elastic motive fluid with another expansible fluid, preferably of a different composition to increase the density of the jet, and thereby increase the efficiency of the jet as a motive agent or medium for doing Work. As is Well known, the energy of a motive fluid as it issues from a discharge-opening of a given area at a fixed pressure varies with the mass of the moving fluid, and of I00 course it varies also with the velocity of the stream. In other words, with a given area of discharge-opening and a given pressure a heavy stream of fluid or a stream of considerable density would exhibit greater energy than a lighter stream orstream of less density. Hence if to a jet of light elastic motive fluid under pressure there be added another fluid, preferably elastic and somewhat heavier, which will not materially lessen the velocity of the former, the energy of the resultant jet will be considerably greater than that of the first-mentioned jet, owing to the fact that the mass of a given volume of such compound jet will be greater than that of the simple jet, and will therefore exert a greater force than the simple jet when moving at the same velocity. Ordinarily, as before stated, the main fluid may be steam under considerable pressure, and with this I purpose to admix an other fluid, usually a gaseous one, such as atmospheric air, for the purpose of increasing the density of a given volume of steam. When the air is properly combined with steam, preferably while the steam is under pressure, the pressure of the steam will exert a force which will carry the air along with the steam, and thereby increase the density of the compound fluid in agiven space, it being understood that the velocity with which the steam travels will not be lessened mate rially bythe friction of the molecules of the two fluids upon one another as they travel through a suitable fluid-passage, and that therefore the impact of the compound jet or stream at the point at which it strikes the driven member will be greater, and hence the energy exhibited by such stream will be greater than that of the original simple jet. The increasing of the density of the jet or stream of motive fluid by the addition to one fluid, usually gas or vapor, of another is not the only advantage derived from the mixing of two such fluids, as hereinbefore referred to, for when the main fluid is of a condensable nature and the auxiliary or added fluid is of a condensing character not only will the density of the jet be increased by reason of the addition of a considerable quantity of the auxiliary or supplemental fluid to a given volume of the main fluid, but the latter will also be condensed while under any given pressure to a volume very much less than that which it will have at such pressure if the condensing fluid be not used. Hence when such condensing fluid is admixed with the condensable main fluid, which will usually be steam, the condensation of the latter, due to the condensing action of the auxiliary fluid, will increase the density of the main fluid regardless of that increase in the density of the jet which is due to the mere admixture with the main fluid of an auxiliary fluid. When the main fluid used is steam and the condensing fluid is air, the steam as it expands will be charged with air and the density of the jet or stream will be increased by reason of the addition of air to the steam and the consequent increase of the number of molecules in the compound jet in the given space,- and the density of said jet will also be increased by reason of the condensation of the steam and the consequent contraction in the cross-sectional area of the steam-jet as the air is admixed with the steam while the latter is partially confined in some suitable supply-passage. Hence when the compound jet, thus materially increased in density ascompared with the density of the original or steam jet,- is delivered to a power-generator to be driven thereby, the velocity of such compound jet will be substantially the same as that of a steam-jet of the same size at a like pressure, and its density will be very much greater than that of such steam-jet, from which it will be evident that the energy of the resultant or compound jet will be correspondingly greater. By transforming the energy of suitable motive fluids in the manner hereinbefore de scribed and then utilizing this energy for driving a motor such, for example, as a steam-turbineI have found that the driven member or turbine wheel, while it will be rotated at a high rate of speed, will not be rotated so rapidly as to render it difficult to control or impracticable for commercial work. One of the chief disadvantages in operating motors of this type heretofore has been that the wheel would rotate so rapidly as not to be properly controllable, the number of revo lutions made per minute being frequently ten thousand to fifteen thousand. When a turbine wheel is driven, however, by energy transformed in the manner hereinbefore described, such a wheel may be rotated steadily at a uniform rate of speed of about three thousand revolutions per minute not only without loss of power, but with great economy, substantially all of the energy of the jet of motive fluid being exerted upon the wheel as velocity in the direction of flow of the jet and little or none as transverse pressure, the result being that a fine jet or circuit of jets of motive fluid of greater density than steam or other jets ordinarily employed, but of less velocity, owing to the very much lower pressure which needs to be produced and maintained, will serve to drive a wheel intended to generate a given horse power steadily and uniformly, but at a relatively low speed as compared with the speed of motors of this type operated by the-high-pressure jets of a single expansible fluid heretofore used in the art, all of which advantages I have demonstrated both experimentally and commercially by the running of such improved motors for a long period of time.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification I have illustrated one form of organized mechanism suitable for use in practicing my present improvement in the art of transforming energy and producing poweigthe particular mechanism illustrated also embodying certain other subjectmatter of the invention.

In the drawings, Figure l is a sectional plan of a turbine motor adapted for transforming energy in the manner hereinbefore described. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same looking from the rightin Fig. 1, parts being broken away to illustrate the construction more clearly. Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation of the same. Fig. 4 is a substantially central transverse section of the same, the'section being taken in line 4 4, Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional side elevation illustrating in detail 'the turbine wheel and means for supplying and controlling the supply of fluid to such wheel. Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional end elevation corresponding to Fig. 5, this view illustrating the manner in which a controlling-valve, hereinafter to be described, is set when the power-generator is to be drivenat a high speed. Figs. 7 and 8 are enlarged details corresponding, respectively, to Figs. 5 and 6 and show the position in which such valve is set when the generator is to be driven at a lower rate of speed. Fig. 9 is an end elevation of a combined bearing and fluid-transmitter, the construction and functions of which will be hereinafter set forth in detail. Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 11 is a partial longitudinal section of the same, illustrating in detail a fluid-chamber and fluid-passages with which the turbine wheel or generator cooperates to maintain between these parts a fluid-bearing in a manner which will also be fully set forth hereinafter. Fig.

12 is a perspective view of an inserted member carried by the bearing member shown in Fig. 9 and channeled to form passages for the fluids by which the generator is driven. Fig. 13 is an enlarged detail illustrating the manner in which the main fluid-jet is charged with an auxiliary or supplemental fluid before the jet is delivered to the generator. Fig. 14 is a view of a different means for practicing the present improvement in the art of transforming energy and illustrates substantially the simplest devices by which such art can be practiced.

Similar characters of reference designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

The principal features of my present improvements in the art of transforming energy have been fully set forth in the foregoing description. For the purpose of practicing the art to the best advantage I deem it desirable, as before stated, to employ organized mechanism controlling the power-generating fluids, and I consider Within the scope of my invention any apparatus or mechanism capable of transforming the energy of motive fluids substantially in the manner stated and producing power in a power-generator or prime mover driven by the force exerted by such fluids. One form of organized mechanism suitable for the purpose and which I have found in actual practice gives good results is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive. Here the mechanism proper may be supported in any suitable manneras, for example, on a base or bed, such as B near the opposite ends of which there will usually be carried a pair of uprights or standards having suitable shaft-bearings, these standards being designated herein by 2 and 3. In this construction I have illustrated a rotary turbine motor embodying two main mechanisms, one of which is the powergenerating mechanism and contains the prime mover, while the other is the power-transmitting mechanism, by means of which the power produced may be delivered to any suitable power-using devices or mechanism. The power-generating mechanism is, in the construction shown, located at that end of the apparatus which is ad-' jacent to the standard 2, aud,in fact,the standard and certain other parts which may be advantageously formed integral therewith constitute portions of the power-generating mechanism. As to many of the features thereof the power-generating mechanism is similar to that shown in my prior application hereinbefore mentioned, it embodying, among other things, a valve controlling the quantity of fluid supplied to blades or buckets usually disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel, although of course this construction is not essential. In the present case the steam or other fluid after it has been used to produce power passes from the driven member or turbine wheel which generates the power into an exhaust-chamber, such as that shown at E, which chamber is one of the parts just referred to as being formed integral with the standard 2. From this exhaustchamber an exhaust-pipe, such as e, which will usually be of large diameter, may pass to a proper point to deliver the spent fluid or fluids into the atmosphere.

The power-generator or turbine whee-l may be supported in any suitable manner for rotation, it being designated herein in a general way by T, and being carried in this instance by a shaft 5, supported, preferably, in properly-bushed bearings at opposite sides of the exhaust-chamber E. In the construction illustrated herein the fluidreceiving passages and fluid-discharging passages of the wheel are substantially similar in construction, location, and functions to those of the turbine wheel shown and described in such prior application, this wheel being clearly illustrated in Figs. 3 and' 13, from which it will be seen that both the fluid-re ceiving passages 10 and the fluid-discharging passages 12 are disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel, they being also placed at an angle to each other. Moreover, the fluid-receiving passages may decrease in diameter from the receiving end thereof, and each may iopen into a discharge-passage of somewhatgreater diameter at its entrant end than the discharge end of the fluid-receiving passage, this being for the purpose, as fully explained in my prior application, of permitting the fluid to expand at such point to an extent sufficient to cause it to impart an 4' assess additional thrust to the wheel to increase the rate of rotation of the latter, the fluid or fluids delivered from the discharge ends of these discharge-passages in the turbine wheel being received in the exhaust-chamber E,and thence exhausted through the pipe 6.

The manner in which force is applied to a driven member or generator-such, for example, as the turbine wheeljust describedand the means employed for applying such force and producing power from the generator constitute the more important features of this invention, and will now be described in detail.

As before stated, while any suitable elastic medium may be employed as the main fluid for operating the power-generator, yet ordinarily I prefer to employ steam at quite a high pressure, this fluid or steam being delivered to the generator or wheel in any suitable manner. In the present case I have illustrated at the inner side of the exhaustchamber E a casing or shell which may surround the shaft 5 and will preferably be bolted to the inner face of said exhaust-chamber. This casing is designated in a general way by O and isintended to form in this instance a valve-chest,in which a valve, preferably oscillatory, may be set in different positions to control the supply of steam delivered to the power-generator, this valve being in many respects similar to that described in my said prior application. The steam or other fluid may be delivered into the casing or valve-chest 0 from any suitable source, a short inlet pipe or nipple being shown at 15 for connection to a supply-pipe from a boiler or other suitable source of supply.

In the preferred construction the controlling means embodies a fluid-controlling valve, which is designated in a general way by V and is clearly illustrated in Figs. 3 to 8, inclusive, it having an inlet-opening 16 communicating with the inlet pipe or passage 15, and it may also have an annular steam-space or steam-belt, such as 17, from which the steam or other fluid may be transmitted to the generator or wheel. In the construction shown the valve has two sets of discharge openings or passages unequal in number, the discharge-ports of each set being disposed, preferably, equidistantly from one another. In this case there are three ports in one set and six in the other, the ports of the former set being indicated by 20 and those of the latter by 21. The ports of the two sets are so located that by turning the controllingvalve slightly either set may be brought into communication with corresponding delivery passages or ports in position to deliver fluid to the turbine wheel, these delivery-passages being formed in any suitable manner, but preferably in a combined fluid-transmitter and bearing member so constructed and located that one face or cheek thereof will be in juxtaposition with a corresponding side face, of the turbine wheel. In order to secure simplicity and compactness of organization,

ters externally, that portion of said bearing,

member or head which is of small diameter externally forminga journal-surface on which the annular controlling-valve may turn. This bearing member or head may also have se-' cured thereto or formed integral therewith a long bearing 25, in which the inner end of the shaft 5 may be journaled for rotation. In

'the construction shown that portion of the head H which is of large diameter contains fluid-passages for delivering to the turbine wheel the main motive fluid, and these passageswill'preferablyhave their receiving ends equidistant from one another and will corre spond in number with the openings 20 in the controlling-valve V. These passages in the head H are designated in a general way by 26 and may be formed advantageously in small blocks, such as I), (see Fig. 12,) inserted diagonally into corresponding diagonal cuts or kerfsin the periphery of thelarge portion 27 of the head H. The oblique positioning of these fluid-passages is clearly indicated in Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, and in Fig. 13, from which and Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, it will be seen that fluid entering the passages 20 and 21 from the annular steambelt in the valve B will pass into the passages ICC sages just mentioned and form continuations thereof and will be delivered to the blades or buckets of the turbine wheel.

In order to transmit the full force of the motive fluid to the generator or wheel and to prevent leakage of such fluid, it is desirable that the receiving-face of the wheel shall usually be as close as possible to the cooperative cheek 27 of the head H; but in order to prevent undue friction between such adjacent faces it will be found preferable to keep them out of contact and interpose between such faces a bearing medium having a very slight frictional resistance. Hence, while I have illustrated these parts in the drawings in juxtaposition, I have also shown in connection therewith means for maintaining between the adjacent bearing-faces a fluid-bearing, preferably an elastic medium, such as air, which will slightly separate such faces and oppose but little frictional resistance to the' air-passages which may advantageously be grooves or channels intersecting the peripheral wall of the chamber 30, the outer ends of these openings being so located as to open directly into the air and receive the air as the turbine wheel is rotated. It will be noticed that these air-channels, which are indicated herein by 31, are disposed, substantially, tangentially to the chamber 30 and not radially, and'that they are located oppositely to the direction of rotation of the wheel, which will of course result in forcing the air into the chamber 30 to maintain the fluid-cushion between the opposing bearing-faces.

The means hereinbefore described for delivering steam or other motive fluid to the power-generator are sufficient for the purpose of operating the latter with good results, and such motive fluid in traveling through the fluid-passages 26 is expanded longitudinally and its sidewise pressure materially lessened, so that when it is delivered to the blades or*buckets of the wheel it is as one or more jets of high velocity exerting a relatively low pressure transversely of such move ment. The means described, however, are not sufficient for practicing my present improvement in the art, as they embody no means for delivering to the main fluid jet or stream a second or auxiliary fluid for increasing the density of the jet either by admixture therewith or by condensation thereof, or by both. The means hereinbefore described for that purpose, or any other means operative for delivering to a driven member a jet or jets of motive fluid,constitute a jet-supplying means or device controlling the delivery of the main fluid or steam. For the purpose of properly carrying my invention into effect it is necessary to make use of means forsupplying a second or auxiliary fluid to the main fluid, and for this reason I have shown herein a fluid supplying device or fluid-supplying means for delivering into the main fluid an auxiliary or supplemental fluid before the resultant or compound fluid is delivered to the driven member, thus charging the main fluid with avolume of anotherfluid, usually of a different composition, and thereby increasing the density of the main fluid by admix ture of the other fluid therewith. The means for charging the main jet with this auxiliary fluid constitutes, therefore, a jet-loading device operative for increasing the density of the main fluid by adding thereto a volume of auxiliary fluid, the quantity of which will be determined, of course, by the size of the supply or delivery opening for the auxiliary fluid, the ratio of which to a given volume of the main fluid may either be fixed or be regulated by hand or automatically by the apparatus itself to thereby control at all times the ratio of the two combining fluids and regulate accurately the operation of the apparatus.

The auxiliaryfluid will usually be an elastic one, such as air, and may be admixed with the main fluid in any suitable manner before the delivery thereof to the power-generator. I prefer, however, to charge the auxiliary fluid or air into the main fluid at a point between the motive-fluid entrance and the outlet for the compound jet. In the construction shown the jet-outlet is of course at the point where the compound jet enters a receiving-passage of the turbine wheel, while the motive-fluid entrance is the receiving end of any one of the passages 26, each of these passages being of suflicient length to receive fluid or steam from a suitable source of supply while the fluid is under considerable pressure and to deliver such fluid at a materially lower pressure to the jet-driven member or wheel, the auxiliary fluid or air being combined with the main fluid to the best advantage by charging it into such main fluid while the latter is substantially at its highest pressure and before the main fluid expands to any considerable extent.

The means employed for delivering the auxiliary fluid into the main fluid in the manner just described maybe of any proper type; but I prefer to deliver air 'into the main fluid at atmospheric pressure through a suitable passage or passages, this second flnidsupplying device embodying in the construction shown an annular auxiliary-fluid-supplying passage or air-passage 40 in the periphery of the larger portion of the head H, this annular passage or channel communicating with the outside air in any suitable manner, as through short passages 41, having valves, such as 42, at their outer ends. In the present case each of the passages 26 communicates directly with the main air-passage or air-supplying channel 4E0 through a short air-passage, such as 43, and as the main fluid or steam is forced through such passage or passages 26 it draws the air with it and the two are admixed. In Fig. 13 this charging action is illustrated clearly on an enlarged scale, the main fluid or steam being usually under high pressure at the point where the air comes into contact with it; but a little further on the pressure of the expanding main fluid is very much less, and before the combined jet enters the space between the blades or wheels of the jet-driven turbine Wheel the density of the jet of combined motive fluids will have been materiallyincreased by reason of the admixture of the two fluids and also by reason of the condensation of the main fluid (when the auxiliary fluid is a con- (lensing one) and the stream when delivered to the wheel will be moving with a relatively high velocity, but will have only slight transverse pressure. When the jet or jets are delivered to a turbine wheel of the construction illustrated in the drawings, whatever transverse pressure the compound jet may have will react upon the walls of the discharge- .passage12 byexpanding still further and will impart an additional impulse to the wheel to drive the same forward.

The manner in which the two fluids react upon each other when the main fluid is elastic, and especially when the auxiliary fluid is a condensing one, has already been fully described, and it is only necessary to say at this point that at the beginning of the operation the transference of force from the main motive fluid or steam to the air begins at a point somewhat remote from the jet-receiving surface of the driven member or wheel and in advance of the projection of the jet against the driven member, so that the period of the actual transference of force from the main fluid is prolonged for a considerable time by the compression of the air in advance of the main jet and the consequent transmission thereby to the driven member of the force of the main-fluid jet behind the air-column. This action when once begun of course continues as longas air is supplied to the main jet, and I consider it of a highly-beneficial character, as it results in a morecoinplete transference of the force, and consequently in great economy of operation.

It will be noticed that in the present case, as in the construction shown in my prior application hereinbefore referred to, the jet or jets of motive fluid are practically confined until they are delivered against the member to be driven, this being important, as it prevents undue expansion of the motive fluid. In producing power from a jet of steam in the ordinary manner the generator is usually of low efficiency, for the reason, Isuppose, that the steam during such time expands with great rapidity and in all directions at the point where the jet strikes the receiving-surface of the generator, thereby tending to dissipate the power, and finally transmitting only a relatively small part thereof to the generator.

As before stated, I provide a controllingvalve for governing the ratio of the two fluids comprising the resultant jet which is delivered to the power-generator or prime mover, this valve being settable to either one of two positions in the present construction for the purpose of driving the wheel at a high rate of speed or at a low speed, as maybe desired.

In connection with the stream-supplying means I prefer to employ a controlling device or governor for regulating the amount of main fi-uid or steam supplied to the jets, regardless of whether the steam is delivered through all six passages or through only three of them. This controlling device or governor will be 0perated, preferably, automatically and in the present case is carried by a shaft which in the construction shown constitutes the main driven shaftof the power-transmitting means. This power-transmitting means may be of any suitable type; but I deem it advisable to re- -either of its extreme positions.

duce the speed of the shaft 5, by which the turbine wheel is carried, and suitable reducing-gearing, such as R, may be employed for the purpose. This reducing-gearing may be of any suitable type; but I have illustrated a well-known form of gear-and-pinion transmitting device, inclosed in this instance in a casing 0, which may form a support for the hearing 25 of the head H, one member of this casing being also preferably integral with the standard 3 and having a long bearing for the main driven shaft, (indicated by 5,) which driven shaft may earrya suitable power-transmitting pulley or band-wheel P.

Any suitable form of governorsuch, for example, as that shown herein and designated in a general way by G-may be employed to regulate automatically the ratio of the main fluid or steam in the jet to the air therein, this governor being carried in the present case for rotation with the shaft 5, but having a member slidable thereon for the purpose of transmitting the controlling action of the governor to the valve V. The movement-transmitting devices may be of anysuitable type, but will preferably embody an adjustable connection with such valve. In this instance a forked lever, such as 51, is pivoted on a suitable portion of the framework and is connected to the sliding member 50 of the governor, the other end of the lever 51 being secured to one end of an adjustable connecting-rod 52, the other end of which is pivoted to one end of a spring-retracted angle-lever 53, carried by the bed B at the under side thereof, the opposite end of the angle-lever cooperating with an arm or lever, such as 54, connected with the valve V. This lever 54 is loosely supported in the construction shown on the hub of a segment 55, carried by a spindle 56,

(see Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6,) having at itsoppo- I site end a pinion 57, in mesh with a rack or gear-segment 58 on the valve V, the pinion serving to turn the valve to set the latter in The spindle 56 may be supported in an adjustable hearing carried by the shell 0 near the lower side of the latter. These connections just described are so organized that the turning of the segment, which, as will be evident by referring to Fig. 5, is fixed on the spindle 56, will change the position of the valve as desired. Preferably the lever 54 and segment 55 are adjustably connected, the segment being slotted in the construction shown and a binding screw and nut, such as 59, being employed to clamp them together. This construction serves to permit the adjustment of the valve from one extreme position to the other without changing at all the position of the lever 54, and hence without changing the relative positions of the connections to the governor proper, it being merely necessary to loosen the screw 59 and clamp the parts together again, as will be clear by referring to Figs. 6 and 8. After the jet-controlling means or valve has been thus set to either extreme position and the segment and lever clamped together the apparatus when in operation will of course uncover and cover more or less of the areas of the port-openings, according to the rate at which the power-generator may be running.

In Fig. 14: I have illustrated an extremely simple combination of devices for carrying my invention into effect and practicing that improvement in the art of transforming energy and producing power which constitutes the subject-matter of this invention. Here T represents a simple form of bucket or jetpropelled blade rotatable about an axis (in a path indicated by dotted lines) and supplied with fluid from two simple pipes, one of which,as 26,corresponds to the steam-pa ssage 26, hereinbefore described, and is intended to deliver the main fluid to the bucket T, another pipe, such as 17, being preferably employed for delivering the main fluid or steam into the pipe 26, while the supply of auxiliary fluid or air is charged into the steam in the pipe 26'at a point between the entrant end of such pipe and the delivery end thereof, but usually adjacent to the entrant end of such steam-pipe, in order that the air may mix with the steam While the latter is under considerable pressure. The two fluids when charged in this manner commingle, and the density of the resultant jet is increased both by the admixture of the fluids and by the condensation of the main fluid (if the latter is condensable and the auxiliary fluid is a condensing one) in the same manner as hereinbefore described, the compound jet being then delivered against the surface of the plate T.

Certain novel features of construction illustrated herein, but not claimed, are not dedicated to the public, but will constitute the subject-matter of anotherapplication to be filed in the near future by me.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. That improvement in the art of transforming energy which consists in converting an inclosed high-pressure jet of expansible fluid into a jet of relatively high velocity and low transverse pressure; charging into said inclosedjet oflow transverse pressure another expansible fluid to increase the density of the first-named jet and form an inclosed compound jet also of high velocity and low transverse pressure; and delivering the compound jet to drive a power-generator.

2. That improvement in the art of transforming energy which consists in converting an inclosed high-pressure steam-jet into a steam-jet of relatively high velocity and low transverse pressure; charging into said inclosed jet of low transverse pressure an expansible steam-condensing fluid to increase the density of the first-named jet and form an inclosed compound jet also of high velocity and low transverse pressure; and delivering the compound jet to drive a power generator.

3. That improvement in the art of transforming energy which consists in converting an inclosed high-pressure steam-jet into a steam-jet of relatively high velocity and low transverse pressure; charging said inclosed jet of low transverse pressure with air to increase the density of the first-named jet and condense the steam and form an inclosed com pound jet also of high velocity and low transverse pressure; and delivering the compound jet to drive a power-generator.

t. That improvement in the art of trans forming energy which consists in converting an inclosed high-pressure jet of expansible fluid into a jet of relatively high velocity and low transverse pressure; charging said inclosed jet of low transverse pressure with an eXpansible condensing fluid to convert said low-pressure jet into a jet of lower transverse pressure and greater density and form an inclosed compound jet of high Velocity and low transverse pressure; and delivering the resultant jet to drive a power-generator.

5. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel in juxtaposition with the discharge end of the main supply-passage, of jet-supplying means having a main supply-passage controlling the delivery of a jet of expansible motive fluid to said wheel, and also having an auxiliary supply-inlet communicating with the main supply-passage and operative for charging into the jet another expansible fluid before said jet is delivered to the Wheel.

6. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel in juxtaposition with the discharge end of the main supply-passage, of jet-supplying means having a main supply-passage controlling the delivery of a jet of expansible motive fluid to said wheel, and also having an auxiliary supply-inlet communicating with the main supply-passage between the entrant and discharge ends of the latter and operative for charging into the jet another expansible fluid before said jet is delivered to the wheel.

7. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel in juxtaposition with the discharge end of the steam-passage, of jet-supplying means having a steam-passage controlling the delivery of a jet of steam to said Wheel, and also having an air-inlet communicating with the steampassage and operative for charging the steam-jet with air and condensing the steam before said jetis delivered to the wheel.

'8. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel in juxtaposition with the discharge end of the steam-passage, of jet-supplying means having a steam-passage terminating adjacent to thedriven wheel, and also having an aininlet intersecting said steam-passage whereby the steam-jet will be charged with air and the steam condensed before the jet is delivered to the driven wheel.

9. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel in j uxtaposition with the discharge end of the steam-passage, of jet-supplying means having a steam-passage terminating adjacent to the driven wheel, and also having an air-inlet intersecting said steam-passage at an acute angle whereby the steam-jet will be charged with air and the steam condensed before the jet is delivered to the driven wheel.

10. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine whee], of jet-supplying means having a main supply-passage controlling the delivery of a jet of expa'nsible motive fluid to said driven wheel and also having an auxiliary supply-inlet opening into the main supplypassage and operative for charging the jet with another expansible fluid before said. jet is delivered to the driven wheel, and means for regulating the supply of said motive fluid to the main supply-passage.

11. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel, of jet-supplying means having a 'main supply-passage controlling the deliv cry of a jet of expansible motive fluid to said driven wheel and also having an auxiliary supply-inlet communicating with the main supply-passage and operative for charging the jet with another expansible fluid before said jet is delivered to the driven wheel, and means for automatically regulating the supply of said motive fluid to the main supplypassage.

12. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine'wheel, of jet-supplying means having a circuit of main supply-passages controlling the delivery of jets of expansible motive fluid to said wheel at different points in the rotation of the latter, and also having auxiliary supply-inlets opening into said main supplypassages and operative for charging-the jets with another expansible fluid before said jets issue from the main supply-passages and ar delivered to the wheel.

13. In a motor, the combination, with a ton bine wheel, of jet-supplying means having a circuit of supply-passages disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel and controlling the delivery of jets of expansible motive fluids to the latter at diiferent points in the rotation thereof, and also having auxiliary supply-inlets communicating with said main supply-passages and operative for charging the jets with another expansible fluid before said jets are delivered to the wheel.

14. In amotor, the combination, with a turbine wheel, of jet-supplying means having a plurality of supply-passages controlling the delivery of jets of expansible motive fluid to said wheel; a settable j et-controlling valve adj ustable to different positions to determine the number of jets to be delivered; and a governor for regulating the supply of said motive fluid to the supply-passage and having an adj ustable connection with said valve.

15. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel, of jet-supplying means having a plurality of supply-passages controlling the delivery of jets of motive fluid to said wheel; a settable jet-controlling valve adjustable to different positions to determine the number of jets to be delivered; a governor for regu lating the supply of said motive fluid to the supply-passages; and connecting means between the governor and the valve and embodying a rack carried by the valve, and a cireumferentially-adjustable pinion in mesh with said rack.

16. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine Wheel, of jet-supplying means having a plurality of supply-passages controlling the delivery of jets of motive fluid to said wheel; a'settable jet-controlling valve adjustable to different positions to determine the number of jets to be delivered; a governor for regulating the supply of said motive fluid to the supply-passages; and connecting means between the governor and the valve and embodying a rack carried by the valve, a lever connected with the governor, and a circumferentially-adjustable pinion in mesh with said rack and movable with, and having its axis concentric with the pivot of, said lever.

17. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel and with means for supporting the same for rotation, of a cheek forming an end bearing for one face of said wheel; and means cooperative with said wheel for maintaining afluid cushion between the wheel and said check.

18. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel and with means for supporting the same for rotation, of a cheek forming an end bearing for one face of said wheel; fluid-passages intersecting said cheek for supplying a motive fluid to said wheel; and means eooperative with said Wheel for maintaining a fluid cushion between the wheel and said cheek.

19. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel and with means for supporting the same for rotation, of a cheek forming an end bearing for one face of said wheel fluid-passages intersecting said cheek for supplying a motive fluid to said wheel; and means cooperative with said wheel for maintaining an air-cushion between the wheel and said cheek.

20. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel and with means for supporting the same for rotation, of a cheek forming an end bearing for one face of said wheel, and a chamber between the wheel and said cheek for maintaining an air cushion between said parts.

21. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine Wheel and with means for supporting the same for rotation, of a cheek forming an end bearing for one face of said wheel; a chamber intersecting said cheek; and passages communicating with said cheek for maintaining a fluid cushion between the wheel and said cheek.

22. In a motor, the combination, with a turbine Wheel and with means for supporting the taining a fluid cushion between the Wheel and same for rotation, of a cheek forming an end said check.

bearing for one face of said Wheel; a chamber intersecting said cheek; and tangential air- 5 channels in said cheek and communicating with said chamber and disposed oppositely to the direction of rotation of the Wheel for main- NILS NILSSON;

Witnesses:

FRED J. DOLE, CHARLES FINKLER.

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