US627849A - Architrave, arch, and lintel. - Google Patents

Description

No. 627,849. Patented lune 27, |899. E. M. HACKETT.

ARCHITBAVE, ARCH, AND LINTEL.

(Appljcation led Apr. 22, 189B.) (N0 Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

w/TNESSES .Y /N VEN roi? A TTOHNE YS.

THE Noam: PrrERs co.. PMoTo-LITHa.. wlAsmNoTou n c A No. 627,849. Patented lune 27, |899.

E. M. HACKETT,

ARCHITRAVE, ARCH, AND LINTEL.

(Application med Apr, 22, was.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

" /N VEA/70H ATTORNEYS.

THE Nmnys PETERS do.. Pnooumo.. wAsHmoToN. D. c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD M. I-IAoKET'r, or NEW YORK, N. Y. f l

AReHlTn-AVE, ARCH, AND LINTEL.

SEECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 627,849, dated June 27', 1892.

' i Applicant mea prima 189e. serial No. 6718.468. on model.)

vTo all whom yt rita/y concern;

' Be it known that I, vEDWARD M. HncKE'rr, of the city of NewYork, borough of Man-` hattan, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Architraves, Arches, and Lintels, of which the following is af ull, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to an improvement in 1o means for forming architraves, arches, and

lintels for buildings, bridges, and otherstrne-` tures; but the invention relates particularly to architraves between iron beams in fireproof buildings.

The object of the invention isto provide blocks, which may be made of terra-cotta or any approved material, so constructed that whencombined between beams or other supports they-will have a vdovetail or interlockl'2o ing connection to such an extent as to enable a straight structure to be erected between the beams or other supports, one side of which may serve as a iioor and the opposite side as a ceiling, the blocks or members of the strucz 5 ture being so tied together as toimpart to the said straight and architrave structure all the strength and characteristics of the well-known arch.

A further object of the invention is to progc vde for the utilization of hollow or -of chambered blocks and to construct the individual blocks in a most simple yet economic and durable manner.

Another, object of the invention is to pro- 3 5 vide for the construction of an inverted arch in as expeditious and durable amanner as 'the ordinary or erect arch.

The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the severalv 4o parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are perspective views of the dierent forms of blocks that may be employed in carrying out the invention. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an archi- 5o trave between beams constructed of the blocks shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6, illustrating an architrave structure in which the blocks shown in Figs. I 2, 3, and 4 are employed.` Fig. 8 is a view similar to Figs. 6 and '7.,' in which the blocks shown in Figs. 2 and 5 are used. Fig. 9 is a vertical section through a lintel, in which the blocks are solid and substantially of the eX- terior shape illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2; and- Fig. 10 is a perspective sectional view of a'n inverted arch constructed from the form of blocks illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

. Under the construction of the block A (shown in Fig. 1) the ends are given the formation of connected dovetail sections. The block is usually made hollow, beingprovided with an upper longitudinal chamber 10 and a lower longitudinal chamber 11, separated by a .central longitudinal -partition 12. The upper portion 13 of the two side faces of the block A convergingly taper vfrom the top to the center line or to the partition 12, while the lower portions 14 of the two sides divergingly taper from the longitudinal centerline of the block to the bottomside line, whereby at each side of the block an angular depressed or dovetail face is produced.

The block B, (shownin Fig. 2,) which is essentially used as a tie-block, `is practically lozenge shape in cross-section but the top 15 and the bottom 15v are either flat, concaved, or convexed, as occasion may demand or fancy dictate. .This block 'is provided with a single central chamber extending through from end to end. The upper portions 17 of the sides diverge from the top in direction of the center, and the lower side faces 18 are inclined from the center inwardly to the bottom.

The block C (shown in Figj) is practically the same as the block D, (shown in Fig. 4,) one block being right-hand, the other being lefthand. In the form of block C the upper portion 25 of the left-hand face is beveled or inclined from the top inwardly to a central longitudinal line, and the lower portion, 26 of the left-hand face is beveled outwardly and downwardly from the center line to the boti tom line of the block, the vinclination being just the reverse of the upper face,'and the This block is preferably provided with two longitudinal chambers-an roo upper one 22 and a lower one 23, divided by a central partition 24L The block D (shown in Fig. 4) is shaped the reverse of the block C, the right-handsurface being angularly concaved and the left-hand surface angularly convexed; but in addition the block D is provided with a strengthening diagonal partition 29 in its upper chamber 22 and is shown also of greater width than the block C. The block C is also shown with a Hattened upper face, whereas the upper face of the block D is convexed.

The block E (shown in Fig. 5) combines the shape of the blocksA and B, the shape of the blocks A being the shape of the outer portions of the block E, while'the central portion of the block E is correspondingly shaped to the block B. In the detail construction of the block E at each side an upperand a lower longitudinal chamber are formed, (designated, respectively, as 30 yand 3l.) The outer side Asurfaces e and e of the block E are angularly 'concaved, the concavity being inward, and a central substantially lozenge-shaped chamber 32 is formed by providing angular partitions 32, the inner faces of which have their angular inclination in an outward direction, and thepartitions 32a are connected with the outer walls of the block E by transverse partitions v33, which separate the upper and lower side chambers 30 and 3l. The upper face of the block E may be flat or dome-shaped, but in the drawings it 'is shown as corrugated.

In Fig. 6 I have illustrated an architrave `formed by the combination of the blocks A some form of gront.

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated the right and left hand blocks C and D combined with a `cent-ral `block B, serving as a key, and the `4grout is likewise placed between adjoining blocks, and the end blocks are made to conform at their outer sides to the format-ion of the beams F.

In Fig. 8 I have illustrated the double form of block E as used alternately with the form of block B. Itis evident that when a block is constructed as shown in Fig. 5 it is doubly "strong and will resist any crushing lateral strain to which it may be subjected and that when itis tied in with any of the other blocks adapted to fit it the vertical strain will be re- "sisted as strongly as the lateral strain.

In Fig. 9 I have illustrated the form of 4blocks A and B (shown in Figs. l and 2) as Tsolid, and these blocks are designated vas A and B', the blocks in addition to their interlocking connection being shown as heldin place by locating a tie rod or clamp 36 at the back of the blocks. The solid form of blocks shown in Fig. 9 is particularly adapted for use over vaults, and more especially for lintels over doors and windows, and are intended as a substitute for arches, and these blocks may be assembled and secured together before being placed in position.

In Fig.'l0 I `have shown the form of blocks A and B having their angular faces so modified that when the blocks are alternately arranged in close engagement they-form an in verted arch, which arch after being formed will `be as strong in every particular as an ordinary or erect arch. This form of the blocks may also be `employed in the construction of an erect arch. I desire Vit to be understood that not only can the angularity of the sides of the blocks be changed, but the side surfaces of the blocks maybe given a. curved instead of an angular shape.

When the blocks are laid and the last course is reached ,the blockspreferably used in this course are made in two sections, the division being at the center, and the two 'sections are connected by bolts or their equivalents. It may here be stated that the ordinary way of laying blocks of stone tiles or brick to form architraves or arches is from above, but the improved blocks must be laid horizontally, since each block is a key in itself, both 'from above and from below, and cannot be laid either from the top or from the bottom of the proposed structure, but must be inserted hori zontally and alternately, and the endsof the blocks should be cemented.

One of the advantages of the improved form of blocks is that the iron beams between which they are laid can be set farther apartthan ordinary, as the architraves formed by the improved blocks will be so much stronger than the present arches now in use. Arches or lintels constructed from the improved blocks are so much stronger than similar structures made from the ordinary blocks that the only wayto compute the strengthof the improved blocks is to ascertain how much pressure would be required to pull the tie-rods in the lintels apart or how muchpressure would be required to force the beams or side walls of the building apart.

IOO

IIO

Having thus described my invention, I

claim as `new and desire to secure by Letters Patentn 1. In the construction of architraves,arches and lintels, ablock provided with an upper and a lower chamber at its sides, and acen- 'tral chamber having angular side walls, "the angular partitions, the inner face-s of which have their angular inclination in an outward direction, whereby a central vsubstantially lozenge-shaped chamber is formed, the said 1o and lintels, the combination With a series of blocks each provided with an upper and a lower chamber at its sides, and a central chamber having angular side Walls, the said blocks having angular outer side faces, of key-blocks each having angular side faces; substantially 15 as described. p v

EDWARD M. HAOKETT. Witnesses:

J. FRED. ACKER, EVERARD BOLTON MARSHALL.

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