US607845A - Valve-movement for pumps - Google Patents

Description

Patented July 26, |898.

2 Sheets-Sheet l.

"Hg B. GALE.

l VALV E MOVEMENT FR PUMPS. (Application led Mar. 10, 1894. Renewed Dec. 23, 1897.)

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No. 607,845. Patented July 26, |898.

H. B. GALE.

VALVE MOVEMENT FOR PUMPS..

(Application filed Kar. 10, 1894. Renewed Dec. 23, 1897.) (No Modem 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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IlNrTnn STATES PATENT @Tirion IIORACE B. GALE, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO CHARLES C. VORTHINGTON, OF IRVINGTON, NEV YORK.

VALVE-MOVEMENT FOR PUMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 607,845, dated July 26, 1898. Application led March 10, 1894. Renewed December 23, 1897. Serial No. 663,261. (No model.)

T all whom t may concern:

Be it knoWn that I, HORACE B. GALE, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvem en ts in Valve-Movem en ts for Pumps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The main object of the invention is to provide improved means for quickly seating pump-valves before the reversal of the motion of the propelling mechanism, thereby obviating the shocks caused by the violent seating of the valves in an ordinary crank-and-iy- A Wheel pump When run at high speed and under heavy pressure. By thus enabling pumps doing any duty, however heavy, to run smoothly and quietly at a high rotative and piston speed a comparatively small pump is able to do the Work which Would require a much larger and more expensive one equipped with the ordinary valves.

The fundamental principle of my invention is to provide for the application of a denite and sufficient force to the pump valve to close it quietly j ust before or at the instant of the reversal of motion of the piston, thereby preventing any backlow or slip of the uid through the port and the accompanying pounding of the valve to its seat, the valve being left free at other times, so that it may oppose as little resistance as possible to opening and to the passage of the iuid. The devices by which I carry out this principle are illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 is a sectional diagram exhibiting the elements of my invention disconnected from the remainder of the pump mechanism. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional elevation, and Fig. 3 a horizontal section, on the line S S of Fig. 2, illustrating the details of construction and arrangement of a set of the valves and the method of attaching them to the cylinder of a horizontal pump of the type distinguished as having a single-acting suction and a double-actingdelivery. Fig. fl shows the invention applied to the suction and delivery valves of a vertical single-acting plun ger-pum p, and Fig. 5 is a vertical section and elevation illustrating its application to a double-acting outside plunger-pump.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

The principle of operation of the device may be explained With the aid of the diagram of Fig. 1, in WhichA indicates a pump-valve arranged so as to be opened in the usual Way by the pressure of the fluid underneath it compressing the light spring c. The upper end of the valve-stem g is connected to a flexible diaphragm m, which forms one side of the chamber B. This chamber, which I call the pressure-chamber, is connected by the passage D With the valve-chest t, containing a supplemental valve C. From the valve-chest t the passage F leads'to any convenient source of fiuid under pressure-such as a steam-boiler, compressed-air reservoir, head of Water, or the like. The passage E leads to the atmosphere or to somebody of iiuid under lower pressure. The supplemental valve Cis operated by some suitable connection With the mechanism of the pump, and

according as it is moved to the left or right from its middle position puts the port D, leading to the pressure-chamber, in communication with the passage E or With the passage F. Thus the pressure applied to the vdiaphragm m and by it to the pump-valve A is varied by the operation of the supplemental valve. In the figure the mechanism is shown in such a position that the chamber B is in communication with the port E, and the lpressure on the diaphragm is such as to permit the fluid driven by the pump-piston to lift the valve Afrom its seat andto flow through the port in the direction of the arrow. N oW if the motion of the pump-piston Were to be suddenly reversed, the supplemental valve C remaining in the position shown, a momentary reversed flow of fluid downward past the valve A Would result before the spring c would have time to close it and the valve would be driven to its seat with a violence depending upon the pressure lof the iiuid pumped and the rapidity of reversal of the pistons motion. To forestall this action, the supplemental valve C is moved toward IOO Vthe right just previous tothe reversal ofthe motion of the pump-piston, soias to admit the Y fluid-pressure from passage Fthrough thepassage D Vto the chamber B.V Y This pressure actvalve is already closed. Before theV time for again opening the pump-valve A arrives the Vsupplen'lental valve C hasmovedbaclr, soas Y to connect the pressure-chamber B2 with the Vexlnaust-pass'age E, thusV relieving the Vpres- Y sure on the valve Aand allowing it toi be opened easily by the'iluid as soon ias the mor i tion of the piston is again reversed.

With this device the speed of the closing movement ofthe-valve A islimited bythe rapidity-with whichVth-e Y fluid Vcan enter Ythe chamber Bg'and this can be regulated VbyaV throttle-valve in the passage For by adjusting the extent of opening of the valve C. The

time Vwhen the closing movement begins isV conditioned upon th'eitimeV Vot'inove1nent 'ofV the supplemental valve' C andmay be con-V Y trolledV by'adjustingthe eccentric or other de-V phragm or equivalent deviceupon which theV vice bywhich that Vvalve'isV driven. The Vforce applied to Vclose the valve'AV depends upon the'pressure of theuid admitted to the Vpressure-chamber B and the area of Vthe dia- VVpressure acts, and by using suitable proportions any Vrequired-forceV may be obtained.' All theelements affecting Vthe Vclosing of the pump-valve are therefore under control, and Vby adjustments readily made anydesired closing movement may be produced.

This device isV applicableV to both the suction and delivery valves of a pump and may be applied to either one or the other only or to both, as may be preferred. A single supplemental valve is capable of controlling all the valves of a double-acting pump, as is illustrated in Fig. 5; but, if preferred, a number of separate supplemental valves may be used.

I do not confine my claim to any part-icular type of supplemental valve or mechanism for accomplishing the alternate admission and discharge of the working viluid to and from the pressure-chamber B, because it is apparent that a variety of mechanisms Well known in the art are readily adaptable to the pur pose.

The diaphragm m is not an essential feature of the invention, and a piston or equivalent device may be substituted for it, or by properly inclosing the back of the pump-valve A the fluid-pressure in the chamber B may be made to act directly on the valve itself.

In Figs. 2 and' 3 I have shown the details of 'a set of valves-suction, delivery, and supplemental-illustrating what I consider in most cases the best mode of constructing them and lattaching them tov the pump-cylinder; also, in Figs. 4 and 5 two mechanisms for operating the supplemental valve, attached, re-

spectively, to the rotating and the reci procating parts of the machinery.

livery-valveA, both controlled by thesame Y Fig. 2 shows a suction-valve A anda Vde-V Y Y 7VO Vtmpplemental valve@ and pressure-chamber Y s indicates Vthe suction-pipe connection,Y a passage in communication with theV main Y Y Y chamber 7s of the pump-cylinder, (see Fig. 3,)

and h theV connection to the delivery-pipe.

The latter connect-s also tothe chamber jHof Vthe pump-cylindenwhich has no valves. The

cross-section lof the Vplunger p'r'is made Vof about one-half thezarea of the main plunger p in order Vto give Von the delivery side the effect of adouble-actingpump; Y i Bothpump- Y valves have their stemsg and Vgerrtended Vinto the Vpressure-chamber BV through cylin- Y Y drical openings, in which they lit loosely,so Y Y as to slideV freely :in and outwhen the valves Vmove, and the latter are further Vguided by Y the radial platese', fitting theV sides of ithei 'port-openings.

i I prefergenerallyto make the valves with- Y Y V'out4 closing-springs, as .shownJ so that they may oppose as little resistance asV possible to i being limited by elastic buffers no and as. VIt

Y is generally most convenientV Valso to' employ Vthe fluid which is beingpumped as therworke ing tluid for applyingthe necessary Vclosing force Vto the pump-valves,V and-accordingly the admissionandV exhaust passages Fand E Y Y Y Y are led Y from the supplemental-valve chamber 15V respectively to the delivery-pipe h and fore,V connects Vthe 'valve-chambert' with the plementalyalve Cin Fig. 2 is the-same as in Fig. l, except that in Fig.' 2 this valve is of the rotary instead of the fiat slidevalve type. It is actuated by the rocking lever fn, which derives its motion in any suitable Way from the pump mechanism.

One of the advantages of the construction shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is that by this method the valves and pipe connections are all included in a single cylindrical casing j, and these may be manufactured and fitted up independent of the pumps to which they are to be applied,the same valve-chest being applicable to a great variety of pump-cylinders. The latter have then simply to be provided with a flanged connection q on the side or in some convenient place for bolting on the valvechest, as shown. The delivery-valve may be lifted out of the casing when the cover t" is removed,and by removing the cover 1l access may be had to the suction-valve, which may be taken out also after being detached from its stem g,

The operation of the valves shown in Figs. 2 and 3 can be most readily explained by reference to Fig. 4, which has the advantage of showing all the necessary mechanism in one View. The arrangement of the valves in Fig. 4 is substantially as in Fig. 8, the only differ- Vthe flow of the Ytluid, Vtheir lifting movements ico Y the suction-pipe s.VV The Vpassage-I), as be- Y Y Y y ence being that in Fig. at the valve-chest is the pump-cylinder 7o.

represented as cast in one piece with the pump-cylinder instead of being bolted to it.

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional elevation ot' a sin gle-actin g pump,whose plunger j? is driven by means of the crank w, the double beam y, and the connecting-links Zand Z. The rocking lever n, by which the supplemental valve C is actuated, is connected by the rod r directly to the main crank-pin o. The time and extent of the opening of the valve O may be adjusted by means of the movable pin and the slot in the lever n or by shifting the angular position of the latter on the valvespindle. Suppose the rotation of the crank to take place in the direction indicated by the arrow, so that the plunger p in the position shown is moving downward and forcing the iuid out of the pump-cylinder k through the,

annular passage u and the delivery-valve A', the suction-valve A being closed. The supplemental valve C is in its middle position, covering the port D, and as the small plungers formed by the valve-stems g and g are not tight-fitting the fluid-pressure in the chamber B is now about the same as that in As the plunger p approaches the end of its downward stroke the rocking lever yn is moved downward and the supplemental valve C is rotated into a position which put-s the port D in communication with the port E. The fluid in the chamber-B can now escape into the suction-pipe, and the pressure in chamber B is reduced to the suction-pressure, so that the superior pressure on the top of the delivery-valve A forces it to its seat- If the adjustments are properly made, when the plunger p begins its upward stroke the delivery-valve A will be closed. The pressure-chamberB being then in communication with the suction-pipe, the suction-valve A experiences no resistance to opening. As the plunger p nears the top of its upstroke the supplemental valve connects the chamber B with the delivery-pipe 7L, and the fluid entering the chamber B presses on the end of the valve-stem g and shuts the suction-valve in the same manner as was eX- plained in connection with Fig. l. When the next downstroke begins, the suction-valve is therefore already closed, and the pressure in the chamber B is equal to that in the deliverypipe, so that now the delivery-valveA experiences no resistance to opening. Injurious leakage into or out of the chamber B around the valve-stems g and g can take place only while one of the pump-valves is in the act of closing, because at other times the pressure in the chamber B is the same as that in the pump-cylinder. The loss of Huid in operating the valves in this way is believed to be considerably less than the loss from slip would be with valves closed in the ordinary way.

Fig. 5 shows how a single supplemental valve C may be employed to govern the closing of all the suction and delivery valves of a double-acting pumpand illustrates-also a method of deriving the motion of' the supplemental valve from the main piston-rod, which is applicable especially to n on-rotative pumping machinery. A pair of pump-valves A and A and an intermediate pressure-chamber B, arranged as in Fig. 2, are connected to each end of the pump-cylinder. An additional port D is made in the supplementalvalve casing, and a separate connecting-passage leads to each pressure-chamber. The action of the valves at each end of the doubleaoting pump-cylinder is exactly the same as has been explained for the single acting pump. The rocking lever n, which actuates the supplemental valve C, is here driven by the rod o, which is provided with adjustable tappets b and b', engaged by the block c, pivoted on the swinging lever Cl, whose lower end is linked to the cross-heady.

It being apparent that the form and arrangement of parts in my invention are capa- -ble of' considerable variation Without departing from the principles involved in its operation, I do not confine my claims strictly to the specific forms and arrangements shown and described; but

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, in a valve-movement for pumps, of a casing containing induction and discharge valves and an intermediate pressure-chamber, independent plungers or their equivalents attached to the said valves and enteringthe intermediate pressure-chamber, passages connecting the intermediate pressure-chamber with the fluid -spaces on,

respectively, the induction and discharge side of the induction and discharge valves, and a supplemental valve mechanism controlling the flow of fluid through the said passages, substantially as set forth and for the purposes described.

2. The combination, in a valve-movement for pumps, of a casing communicating with the Working cylinder and containing induction and discharge valves'and an intermediate pressure-chamber, plungers or pistons formed by extensions vof the valve -stems entering said pressure-chamber, and a supplemental valve mechanism actuated by the pump mechanism by which the fluid-pressure in said chamber is varied so as to accelerate the closing of the induction and discharge valves, substantially as set forth and for the purposes described.

3. The combination, in a valve-movement for pumps of a casing containing induction and discharge valves and an intermediate pressure-chamber, pl ungers or pistons formed by extensions of the valve-stems entering said pressure-chamber, and a supplemental valve mechanism and passages by which the fluid-pressure in said chamber is varied so as to accelerate the closing of said suction and delivery valves, substantially as set forth and for the purposes described.

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4f. The combination With a pump-valve, ot`

a plunger or piston projecting from its lower or face side, a body of iiuid applied to press upon said plunger or piston, supplemental valve mechanism controlling said body of fluid, and means for actuating said supplemental valve mechanism to vary the pressure of said body of fluid upon said plunger or piston, substantially as described.

5.` The combination with a pump-valve, of a plunger or piston projecting from its lower or face side, a body of iiuidapplied to press upon the said plunger or piston, and a supplemental Valve mechanism, operated by connection With the pump, whereby the pressure ot the said body of fluid is varied so as to accelerate the closing of thesaid pump-valve, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, in a valve-movement for pumps, of an induction-Valve and a discharge-Valve eommunicatingwith the pumpcylinder on the same side of the main plunger, a pressure-chamber distinct from the pumpchamber containing a body of iiuid which presses upon the said Valves in a direction tending to close the induction-Valve and to open the discharge-valve, and means of varying the said pressure during the strokeof the pump, so as to accelerate the closing ot' each of said valves, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, in a valve-movement for pumps, of an induction-Valve and a discharge-valve communicating with the pumpcylinder on the same side of the main plunger, a pressure-chamber distinct from the pumpchamber containing a body of fluid Whose pressure is applied to the said valves in such a Way as to tend to close the induction-Valve and to open the discharge-Valve, and a supplemental Valve mechanism operated by connection with the pump, whereby the said pressure is varied so as to accelerate theclosing of each of said valves, substantially as set forth.

' 8. The combination with the induction and discharge valves A, A' and intermediate pressure-chamber B, of plungers g, g' acting on said valves A, A and acted upon by the fluid in the chamber B, and a Valve mechanism for alternately admitting and discharging fluid from said pressure-chamber, substantially as set forth and for the purposes described.

9. The combination with the valves A, A and intermediate pressure-chamber B, of plungers g, g acting on said valves and acted upon by the Huid in said chamber, passages E, F, a valve-chamber connected with said pressure-chamber and passages E, F, and a Valve mechanism for connecting said chamber with the fluid on the suction and discharge sides of the pump-valves alternately,substan tially as set forth and for the purposes described.

lO. In a double-acting pump, the combination With the plungers 1o, ot' induction and discharge Valves A, A and intermediate pressu rie-chambers B for the respective plungersp, plungers acting on said valves and acted upon by the fluid in said chambers, a valve mechanism controlling the admission and discharge of fluid from each of said pressurechambe1s,and passages E,F controlled by said valve mechanism to connect said pressurechambers With the :tluid on the suction and discharge sides of the pump-valves alternately, substantially as set forth and for the purposes described.

In testimony Whereotlaffix` my signature in lpresence of two Witnesses. HORACE n. GALE.

Witnesses:

HENRY C. MULLIGAN, ISAAC GALE.

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