US571359A - Car heating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. E. GOLD. GAR HEATING' APPARATUS.

N0.,571,359. Patented Nov. 17, 1896.

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E. E. GULD. GAR HEATING APPARATUS. No. 571,359. l Patented Nov. 17, 1896.

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EDWARD E. GOLD, OF NEW' YORK, N. Y.

CAR-HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 571,359, dated November 1'7,v 1896. Application tiled January 24, 1891. Serial No. 378,867. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: i

Be it known that I, EDWARD E. GOLD, a citi zen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Car- Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification. v

lThis invention relates to that class of carheaters wherein a coil of pipe containing a suitable liquid is extended through the car and communicates with the heating-coill arranged in a stove or steam-heater. Heat is irnparted to the coil in said stove or heater to set the column of liquid in the circuit into circulation,and byits circulation it carries the heat to all parts of the car and gradually radiates it from the circulating-pipes. Heretofore it has been customary to provide one such coil in a heating-stove in communication with only one circuit of pipes throughout the car. This involves the disadvantage that the radiatingsurface is always the same, there being no means for reducing the radiating-surface in mild weather and increasingitin cold weather, as is desirable. It is impracticable with a given length of radiating-pipe to control the radiation of heat by accelerating or retarding the rate of flow of the liquid. It has also been proposed to provide a heater with two coils, both heated alike by the lire, with two radiating-circuits in connection with the respective coils; but with this construction also the radiating-surface is always the same, since when the heater is used at all both circuits are always in action.

According to my present invention -I subdivide the radiating-pipe into two distinct coils or liquid-circuits, both heated by one heater, and I provide the stove or heater by preference with two separate spiral coils or worms, which are connected in the two circuits, respectively. When there is a fire in the stove, both coils are heated alike, but by means of a valve in either circuit the circulation therein may be stopped or short-circuited and one circuit alone be used to heat the car, which suffices in mild weather, while in cold weather both circuits will be employed. To provide for heating by steam when the fire in the stove isextinguished I forni the spiral coils or worms in the stove each of two pipes, the smaller being` inserted within the larger and coiled together, and I introduce steam into preferably the smaller pipe, leaving the annular space between the smaller. and larger pipes to constitute the liquid-passage in communication with the pipes of the liquid-circuit. lThe admission of steam into the steampipes of the two worms is governed by valves, so that when heating by steam only one of the worms need be heated, the steam-pipe leading to the other worm being closed, which will be the case in mild weather.

Vhere a stove or heater is employed, it is arranged usually at one end of the car and usually radiates enough or nearly enough heat to suitably warm the car at that end. Ordinarily the radiating-pipes of the liquid-circuit are arranged uniformlyv throughout the car, so that the hottest portion of the pipes as they emerge from the heater radiate the greatest heat nearest the stove where the car is already partially or suiiciently warmed by the stove itself, thereby heating the end of the car containing the stove to a greater degree than the remote end, which is left comparatively cold. My invention overcomes this disadvantage by arranging the pipes of each liquid-circuit in such manner as to afford a reduced radiating-surface adjacent to the stove and an increased radiating-surface in the remote portions of the car. For example, each circuit on leaving the stove passes by a single pipe to the farther half of the car, where it is arranged in such manner by coiling back and forth as to afford a radiatingsurface approximately four times that of the single pipe. It then passes to the opposite side of the car and returns to the middle, where it is again coiled to provide an extended radiating-surface through the half of the car at the end of which the stove is arranged; but as Athe circuit has already lost the greater part of its heat by radiation the heat radiated in this end of the car is much less than that in the farther end, so that the tendency to overheat the end of the car containing the stove is practically overcome. The two circuits have their radiating-coils on opposite sides of the car, the one on one side at one end and on the other side at the other end, land the other in the remaining spaces; but the hottest portions of both radiating-circuits are confined to a reduced surface on leaving the railway-car with the liquid-radiating circuits a arranged according to my present invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section showing the respective steam and liquid pipes in and adjacent to the heater, the latter being partly broken away and dissected to'show the pipes. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the circuitsapplficable -to :a parlordcar, the respective radiating pipes, however, which stand 'on-'e above another, ias 'shown ifn Eig. 5,

being here show-n side by vside as though laid Tupon lthe hoor, .in order to quake the `circuits clear. tis-'avertical longitudinal section .show-ing thefarrangeinent of -pipes on one side of 'the 'car inthe-systemshovvnin Fig. 3. Fig. `5 is a transversesectioncn the line-5 5 in i, I showing Jche arrangement for passing the pipes across the fear. 6 `.is 'a fragmentary section on t'h'e lin-e6 6 in F-ig.

Bigs. l-,l'2,3, an'd 'fi t'he 'liquid-circirlating f pipes ofthe ltwocircui'ts :are distinguished fby being shown, 'the one Iblaclryor darflcly vtinted i `and fthe 'other White o'r ligilitly tinftecl.

Let A vdesignate -a heater of lanysui'ta'ble forlm, Which may 'be `the Well-:known Baker Eheater.

.and B `'are the ttwo lfiquid-cirenit-sconsistirrge'ach 'simply-of a pipe o'f suitable sizefcarlri'ed tlrrouglh'theicar fand bent back and forth Where fdesifr'edfto 4afford the proper'surfa'ceor y radiation. The coolend of cacflrof these 'ciri'cuiitsfe'n'ters ith'e lower 'part lo'f the heater-A Aand is fc'oile'd therein into a Worm, the two 'Worms being lettered C Land fC', respectively, in @n emerging :from ithe upper part `of lthe heaterth'e pipes pass upwardly, aslat web', Fi-g. l2,:andfenter'the usual'eXpansion-box iD, `whence pipes fb `"hlpass downwardly toor IInos't highly-heated portion of rtheicircuit.

lEllhe circuit :consists of =a pipe c, flea'dfing `'from ithe pipe b Ito 'the middle :or fiar-ther en d 'called ,fforlthe sake o'f distin ction,a" radiaton tlettered d. transverselyat `@fand passes at j' in asingle pipeft'o `the opposite halfo'f 'the car, in which car and feiztendsiasfa pipe c to lthe middlefor farther half =`of xthe'car, /Where it 'is coiled toforma radiator df. iIt then crosses'the `car at e', e'xte'ndsback'to'theimiddle atyL1 .,an'dis'coi-led into a radiator g', :from which it reenters 'the Y lIn fthe ifarther lhalf of'thefcar vthe pipe 'is c'o'iledback and fforth 'itc affordfanex- L tended radiating-surface 'What may be Inrsinrillarmanner the-circuit 1B consists 1of a pipe *which crosses 'directly jfromv l'the z'dowirpipe fb to the opposite Iside vof "the l heater. This arrangement of pipes is clearly Ishown in Fig. l, Where the pipes are bent back and forth in loops beneath the seats, Which arrangement is suitable for ordinary passenger-cars and for sleeping-coaches, and in. Fig. 3, Where the pipes are coiled longitufdin'a'lly one pipe above another, as shown in Figs. 4: and 5, which is the arrangement employed on .parlor or drawing-room cars.

The pipes c c are most highly heated, but afford only a limited radiating-surface, While the radiators d d' radiate -t'he greater portion of heat into the half of the car remote from Y"the 'heater A. 'The circulating liquid after being partially cooled returns and in the radiators g g radiates heat Ifor heating theend of the lcar containing vthe stove.

I'n l:making the 'heater A a steam-hea'ter as Weill as -a stove-heater enrploy by pre'ferei-ice the construction of fconrbined coils for Worms 'claimed .in any .lDatent No. 388,772, dated August 28, 1888. According to this construction 'the "coil `or Worm consists of two pipes, the smaller inserted 'within the Alfarger -and 'coiled together in'to ya spiral, fthe smaiflor `being by preference the steamspipe and fthe larger lthe pipe in connection Wifth the liquid-circuit. 'This construction is lshow-n i-n the dissection yof'the pipes 2. Fnom'ithe 'irnai'n steam- -pipe E, exlt'en ding longitudinally through the train, a branch pipe leads Vinto fthe fear and is fdi'vided into awo branches 'G andfG, yrespectively, provided with regulating-valves lhand 71'.. Hlre'se pipesG andGenter the upper or emerging ends of 'the worms 2G 4G and ,epass spirallly ethrough jthorn, emerging from ithem Jait Ithe iloWercr entering fends of the coils, fasrsh'owvn inlFig. 2,'-wliore theyare fitted "with "check-yalves da" Ires ectivel eto rea P Y P vent back-now, -a'fter lwhich the ltwo branches reunite in a pipe G2, which passes down -fthirou'gh 'the fil'oor-of the 'car :and is fitted with suitafble means for 1vdrawing-off Water fof 'con- "densati'on lhese consist, preferably, 'of a fsedimfent Wol-l or ichamber iifl and a -tihermo- V'statictrap l fof gthe constructions now Well :k-noW-n in :the v'art ,in connection 'with fthe Gold system of caraheatifn'g.

Ifn ymifld Weatheronly l'one coil-4B, for ieX- amplekis used for heating lthe=ca'r. 'Vfhen heating byialire inthe stove, "both Worms C and ''O' are heated, 'W'lrich would Sea/'use a cirfcula'tion lifn both coils; fbuft to .prevent 'this and consequentoverheating of the canone lof 'the 'circuits-QF, for {example-may be provided WLi-th afslrulrrt or `short -circuiting pipe j. l(Shown in fdotted lfiln'es in yF-ig. T25) By'open- 'inga valve j'itherein the liokuid inay'ci-iculate in this shunt instead yof through the `entire liquid-circuit, Vthereby practically lpreventing fcirei'ilation in fthe latter. When heating by steam1the=heaft is vregulated by the 'valves h fh'. Byopening both steam Willfheaft bothworms, and-aScircnlation will VIbe maintained 4in b'o'th rcircuits B B', Which `Will keep the car Warm 1in vcold Weather. In 2mild Weather-one of ithe valvesh 7L' isfc'losed,'so that the Wor-m corre- IOO IOS

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spending therewith is not heated, (except to a slight degree by radiation from the other worm,) and the one circuit the worm of which is heated serves to suficiently warm the car. Vhen using onlyv one worm, the steam passing through its pipe G or G/ on entering the pipe G2 tends by its pressure to flow back into the steam-pipe of the other worm; but this is prevented by the check-valves t' t", which prevent any such back'liow, so that the heating is confined to the one worm into which steam is admitted by the valve 7L or h. This construction of reuniting the two branches g g and providing them with checkvalves iz" enables both branches to drain into the one sediment-well 1I and automatic trap I instead of requiring a separate well and trap for each branch of the steam-pipe, as would otherwise be necessary; but such separate well and trap may be used for each branch, if preferred.

The two coils C C may have their waterpipes a a joined together, so that both enter the one expansion-box I), and one returnpipe may descend therefrom, branching into the two pipes?) b, as shown in Fig. 2. This results in a commingling of the liquid of both circuits, which I find is practically somewhat disadvantageous when only one circuit is in use, because it induces a slight flow in the other circuit. keep the two circuits entirely distinct by dividing the expansion-box into two compartments.

Where the pipes pass t-ransversely across the car, it is necessary that they shall be carried beneath the floor. Heretofore this has ordinarily been done by carrying the pipe down and across beneath the iioor, means which necessitates a considerable descent of the pipe, and this pipe exterior to the car must necessarily be wrapped with non-conducting covering to avoid wasting heat by radiation. My invention provides an improved construction whereby this transverse portion of pipe may be utilized for radiation instead of bein g, as heretofore, a waste length of pipe. This is best shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In case there is a central aisle, so that the pipes may bearranged above the floor until they reach this aisle, they will be carried above the 'floor at 7c la in Fig. 5, and the middle portion Z` will be dropped sufliciently to bring it beneath the floor. To provide room for this depressed portion of pipe, the floor is cut away and the longitudinal Hoor-beams slightly cut into, and a transverse box or channelmis set in so that it iills the opening cut in the iioor. The pipe being dropped into this channel, a cover n is placed over it,

standing flush with the floor, as shown in Fig. 6. This cover is preferably perforated to permit heated air to rise from the pipes Z Z. By this means the entire transverse portion of pipe is kept to all intents and purposes within the car. For a drawing-room car it may sometimes be desirable to depress the To prevent this it is better to entire transverse portion of pipe, in which case the box or channel will be made longer to extend the entire width of the car.

I claim as my invention the following-defined novel features or improvements, substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely:

l. The combination on a railway-car of a heater at one end thereof, two liquid-circuits heated thereby, each circuit lhaving its hotwater pipe carried to the remote portion of the car and there formed with an extended radiating-surface, whereby the hottest liquid in the circuit is utilized for heating the portion of the car most remote from the directheat radiation of the heater, and the pipe of each circuit carried thence back to the portion of the car more nearly adjacent to the heater and there formed with an extended radiating-surface for radiating heat from the partially-cooled water, and carried thence back to the cool-water inlet of said heater, and means for eifecting the heating and circulatin g of either one or both said circuits, whereby for mild weather one only may be operated, and in cold weather both maybe operated, and whereby in either case the heat throughout the car is equalized.

2. The combination on a railway-car of two radiating-circuits, a heater containing two distinct water-heating passages, forming part of saidcircuits respectively, and two steampassages in operative contact each with one only of said water-passages,so that eachwaterpassage is heated by its corresponding steampassage, a steam-supply pipe divided into two branches leading to said two steam-passages in the heater, and means for controlling the admission of steam to one only or to both said steam-passages, whereby to determine the heating and circulating of the liquid `in one only of said circuits (for mild weather) or in both of said circuitstfor cold weather) without necessitating valves in said circuits, and said heater provided with a tire-chamber inclosing both said water-passages,whereby the making of a fire therein heats both passages and circulates the water in both circuits.

3. The combination on a railway-car of a heater containing two distinct heating-coils, each coil consisting of a steam and a liquid pipe the one within the other, two liquid-radiating circuits to which the liquid-pipes of said coils are respectively connected, and av steam-pipe divided into two branches in which the steam-pipes of said coils are connected respectively, said branches on emerging from the opposite ends of said coils being reunited, valves for admitting steam to said branches independently, check-valves in said branches between the coils and the junction of the branches, to prevent backflow of steam from either branch into the other, a single pipe leading from said junction, and a drainagetrap for discharging condensed water therefrom.

4f. The combination on a railway-car of a heater containing two distinct heating-coils,

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lo united in zt single pipe, and a drainage-tmp for discharging condensed Water from said pipe.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

EDVARD E. GOLD.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR C. FRASER, GEORGE H. FRASER.

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