US528456A - adaie - Google Patents

Description

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J. ADAIR.

y Y BAKERS OVEN. N0. 528,456. Y Patented 001'.. 30,1894.

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J. ADAIR.

BAKERS OVEN.

No. 528,456. Ptnted ont. so, 1894.

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N0. 528,456. 1 Patented 0013. 30, 1894.

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JOHN ADAIR, OE WATEEEOED, IRELAND, As'sIeNOR To THE ADAIR sYN- DIOATE, LIMITED, OE LONDON, ENGLAND.

BAKERS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 528,456, dated October 30, 1894.

Application filed March 3,1894. Serial No. 502,270. (No model) Patented in England February 24, 1888, No. 2,750, July 30,1888,No. 10,965, August 24, 1888,11'0. 12,234, November 23, 1889, No. 18,771, February 15, 1890.110. 2,482, July 17,1890,NC. 11,140, and July 26,1890.No. 11,707,2tndi11 anada October 7,1892, No. 40,607 v To all whom it may concern: f

Be it known that I, JOHN ADAIR, commis sion agent, a subject of the Queenl of Great Britain, residing at Waterford, in the county of Waterford, Ireland, have invented certainA new and useful Improvements in Bakers and Confectioners Ovens, (for which I have obtained patents in Great Britain, No. 2,750, dated February 24, 1888; No. 10,965, dated July 30, 1888; No. 12,234, dated August 24, 18885No. 18,771, dated November23, 18895No. 2,482, dated February 15, 1890; No. 11,140, dated July 17, 1890; and No. 11,707, dated July 26, 1890, and in Canada, No. 40,607, dated October 7, 1892,) of which the following isa specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to bakers and fectioners ovens.

An important feature of the said invention relates to the mode of heating ovens by means of pipes o1' dues arranged in the oven and, through which the products of combustion or hot gases from the furnace are conveyed. Dampers are provided whereby the flow of gases through the pipes can be controlled or reversed at will. This construction is particularly adapted for application to decker ovens and is very advantageous in that it enables the temperature of the various parts of the oven to be controlled Very effectively; The pipes may be round, square, oblong, rectangular, or other shape, in transverse section.

The said invention also comprises improvements in the floors of said oven, in the provision of heat collecting chambers, and in the construction of the furnace proper.

An-importantfeature of thisinvention consists in constructing a decker oven with heating pipes arranged in horizontal layers disposed beneath removable oors. All these pipes are contained in one chamber and it is therefore obvious that the air can circulate freely between them. Preferably at the sides and center of each tier, that is .tosay, between the two center pipes, and also between the two outsidefpipes of 'each tier and the walls ofthe chamber, greater space is provided than between the other pipes so as to Ythat'extend on a level with the pipes and by which the said pipes are fed with the products ofcombnstion from the furnace at either front or back of the oven. By means of such flats or flues, in combination with dampers, the products of combustion from the furnace yare carried to any orall of the several rows of pipes and the temperature of the various 7o parts of the oven can be thereby readily controlled.

The said invention also comprises other improvements in various details ashereinafter described.

Figure lis a front elevation of an oven constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal central section of Vthe same. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan, one of the baking floors being removed. Fig.` 4 is a 8o half section on the'line sc, and a half section on the line Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a half section on the line y, y, and a half section on the line y', y', Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a view of the pipe flues and their connections, one of said fines being Shown in section. This ligure is drawn on a larger scale. Fig. 7 is a plan of a removable loor constructed as hereinafter described. Fig. 8 is an end view ofsarne. Fig. 9is an end view of the cover therefor. g 9o A is the furnace. n y

B, B are lues situated beneath the floor of the oven.

I-I, I-I are heat-collecting chambers built of fire-brick and situated symmetrically on each side of the fire place A, beneath the fines B, B. Said chambers communicate with each other at their ends. Opposite the front ends Fig. 4 between which and the outer wall of the oven is formed a flue or passage H2. Said iiue communicates by an outlet H3 with the Ilue B which latter communicates with the :flue tubes in the oven through an ascending flue B2 at the back end.

Dampers C C are provided as shown for opening and closing the communication between the iiues B and the chambers H and be tween the fines B and the passage H2. Said dampers slide in frame C0, C0 and each damper is adapted to close either of two openings in the frame one of which openings communicates with the chambers I-I, and the other with the corresponding passage H2. Vhen the dampers are drawn out communication is thereby made between the iiues B and the chambers H, and when the dampers are pushed in, the aforesaid communications are closed and others are opened between the ilues B and the passages H2. The dampers on the same side of the oven are however not intended to be either both out or both in at the same time,but when one is out, the other must bein, unless it is desired to damp down the tire.

The chambers II are very advantageous where hot coke fires are used as they serve to keep the temperature very uniform. Openings H0 furnished with suitable soot doors are provided in the front of the oven to admit of cleaning out the chambers H.

The several decks of the oven are formed by ilues or pipes E which extend from front to back of the oven and communicate with flues or flats at the front and back in such manner as hereinafter explained that the products of combustion from the [ire can be passed through the pipes in either direction, and moreover without bringing the gases into contact with the bread and without emitting smoke. The pipes E are supported at the back end by boxes I that are lled with sand. The pipes pass through the said boxes from front to back thereof and are retained in place by means of caps IO secured on the boxes after the pipes are placed in position. This arrangement allows of free expansion and contraction of the pipes during changes of temperature without putting pressure on the walls of the oven, and at the same time the sand preserves a perfect joint. The front ends of the pipes are secured to, and open into, hollow' transverse girders or boxes I. The transverse lines or dats L0 at the back are formedv in the brickwork of the oven. Each of said flats L0 except the lowermost one is divided centrally, one side communieating with half the pipes E at that floor level, and the other-half communicating with the remaining half of said pipes. The up` permost flue or flat at the back connects with the chimney at the point marked K.

L, L2 L3 are dampers placed at each door level between each flat or iue L0 and the one above it.

It will be obvious from the above description and drawings that the furnace gases or products of combustion will on leaving the furnace first circulate among the heat storing chambers II which will become very hot.

Assuming now that the damper C, on each side of the fireplace is drawn out and the damper C' is pushed in, the gases will ascend from the chambers H on each side into the flue B above and will circulate in the direction indicated by the arrow round that flue which it will be observed is U-shaped in plan, and will then descend into the passage H2 and rise again through the opening H3 into the Hue B along which they will now proceed and enter the lowermost fine or flat at the back end of the oven, and thence into the pipes E. If the damper C be pushed in, and the damper C drawn out the effect will be to change the direction of the circulation in the tine B. The gases will now ascend from the lowermost flat L0 into the one next above it through whichever of the dampers at the ends thereof is open and then will pass through one half of the pipes E to the front end of the oven, then through the hollow girders or boxes I and back through the remaining pipes at that floor level to the flue or fiat at the back whence they rise into the next fiat above and so in the same manner through the next tier of pipes and are iinally discharged into the chimney. It will be observed that the two dam pers on the same level at the back must not be both open or both shut at the same time, but one must be open and the other shut, and also each damper is in contrary phase to the one immediately above it and to the one immediately below it. It is further obvious that by reversing all the dampers, the direction of the currents through each row of pipes will be reversed.n By this construction a perfect control is insured over the heat of the oven. It will be further observed that there is ample room for free circulation of air between the pipes. Thus the hot air will ascend from the first deck which may be the hottest to the second or third decks which may be colder owing to some cold work in that part of the oven or possibly owing to less heat passing through the pipes, but be it as it may, the cold air descends, and the hot air ascends, thus equalizing the temperature.

On 4comparing this system with decker ovens where each deck is a complete and separate chamber having no internal connection whatever between one deck and another it is very obvious that the herein described oven which is one chamber and virtually one oven, has many points of advantages.

The oven is provided with sliding doors N at each deck level. Each door extends half way across the oven, and there are two such at each level one sliding behind the other.

L2, L3 are soot doors in front of the boxes I each of which doors is constructed to cover the fronts of a whole range of pipes. Inside each door I provide a plate which holds be- IOO IIO

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` how necessary it is that the dough should be tween it and the door, ashes or some other non-conducting material.

The heat radiated from the furnace doors is very great and is disagreeable to any person Working at the mouth of the oven. In order to minimize this and also to economize the heat I use in front of the furnace a nonconducting door P Fig. 2 which is carried by Wheels P which travel on rails P2, the bottom of the door being steadied by travelingr in a grooved rail P2. These furnaces are placedV beneath the floor level. The non-conducting door will run back into a prepared space between the oven furnace wall on one side and the earth on the other. Steps descend to the furnace from the floor line. The door is preferably made hollow or box-shaped and filled with ashes, asbestos or other suitable non-conducting material.

I provide the oven with a movable furnace mounted on Wheels adapted to run on rails so that the furnace can be easily and rapidly removed for repairs when required.

Referring to Fig. 2, A is the movable furnace, which is built on a strong frame S which is carried by wheels S2 that run on fixed rails S2. The furnace can be run in and out on the said rails without disturbing the oven.. The door of the furnace may be carried by the furnace frame or it may be separate therefrom. The fire bars are supported by cross bars which rest in recesses in the frame S. Beneath the frame S and inside the wheels and rails are arranged downwardly projecting longitudinal ribs or webs S6 which project below the level of the rails and form the ashpit and serve also to protect the wheels and rails from the ashes and from the excessive heat of the furnace. The said ribs or Webs are arranged moreover to dip into grooves or channels say about two inches deep and about two inches wide. These grooves are lled with sand to prevent air leakage which would check the draft. At the back of the oven I form a ledge or shelf S7 say two inches wide upon which when the furnace is about to be run in, soft mortar is placed, for the purpose of making a joint between the back of the furnace and the rear wall of the furnace pit. A groove is preferably made in the said rear Wall for this shelf to iit into and thus permit of a good joint being made.

Those conversant with the trade know well of a certain stiffness to stand upon the peel, and this being so there is no attempt made to work light doughs; but by the apparatus which is now to be described the lightest dough can be baked, and outside loaves will be almost done away with, as they can beset in such a manner as to be perfectly straight and not over-crusted. For this purpose the floors of the oven are made removable, and the same are withdrawn, when it is required to set the loaves thereon. When the loaves are set, the oors are replaced in the oven` and retained until the baking is complete. It will be obvious that all the loaves will by this method receive the same amount of baking and thus great regularity will be obtained.

Each flooroonsists of a rectangular frame T made of angle iron and having a bed formed of wire netting or the like of close mesh. Said frame is furnished with wheels T which run on rails T2 provided in the furnace. Said floor can thus be very readily run in and out of the oven.

The bread may be left on the movable door as long as desirable, and being together in one mass it will stand a long time fresh. As these movableoors are comparatively cheap, several of them may be provided for the same oven.

Over the batch of bread I place a light tin or iron cover U6 which is fairly tight and serves to retain the steam given olf by the bread when baking. Vent holes U7 may be provided to prevent accumulation of steam pressure which would interfere i with the proper rising of' the bread. By means of the said cover I maintain the top crustlsoft and more evenly cook the loaf.

What I claim isl. ln a bakers and confectioners oven, the

combination with the heating tubes, of hollow cross girders with which the tubes are connected by means of a sliding joint, a box surrounding each said joint and containing sand to keep the same tight, and soot doors in the cross girders to admit of cleaning the tubes, substantially as described.

2. In a bakers and confectioners oven, the combination with the heating tubes andconnecting-hollow cross girders, of the removable floors provided with wheels and supported on tracks above and in proximity to said heating pipes and girders, substantially as described.

3. In a bakers and confectioners oven, the combination with the decks or tiers of heating pipes and flues provided with dampers, of the removable floors located above and in proximity to said pipes and yprovided with removable covers, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 25th day of January, 1894.

JOHN ADAIR.

Vitnesses:

M. I. HARTY, 17 William Street, Waterford, Ireland, So-

lz'cttors Apprentice.

JOHN BQYD, 44 Manor Street, .Waterfowl Irelancl, So-

liettors Olerc.

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