US525005A - The korhis pctcrs co - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. DEOOMBB & P. LAMENA. AGTUATING THE VALVES 0F STEAM ENGINES.

No. 525,005. Patented Aug. 28, 1894.

(No Model.)

InvenZ;br.s'.=

Will /7163865 (No Model.)

2 SheetsSheet 2. V

A. DEGOMBE & P. LAMENA. AGTUATING THE VALVES 0F STEAM ENGINES.

No. 525,005. Patented Aug. 28, 1894 Wdnesses InvenZ-ors Tm: Norms FUERS ccv. mumurna. WASHINGTDN. o. c

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AMINTHE DECOMBE, OF BORDEAUX, AND PIERRE LAMENA, OF PAUILLAC, FRANCE.

ACTUATING TH E VALVES OF STEAM-ENGINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 525,005, dated August 28, 1894.. Application filed March 14, 1894. Serial No. 503,605. (NomotleL) Patented in France October 30, 1893, No. 233,737-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, AMINTHE DECOMBE, engineer, of Bordeaux, and PIERRE LAMENA, notary, of Pauillac, Department of Gironde, both in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Actnating or Operating the Valves of Steam or other Motive Power Engines, (for which we have obtained Letters Patent of France, dated October 30, 1893, No. 233,737,) of which the following is a full and exact description, reference being made to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to actuating or operating the valves of steam and other motive power engines and has for object an improved application of electricity and magnetism to advantageously produce the distribution of steam in steam'engines.

' By the simplicity, precision and the economy effected by our improvements a steam engine provided therewith is capable of rendering effective service in manufactories and all industries which require considerable motive power and particularly industries which require great regularity in the working of the motors.

In order to enable the invention to be fully connecting parts with the electrical connec- The electro magnet has for object to hold the valve a raised during the admission of steam to the cylinder. For this purpose the rod of the valve supports an armature e fixed on this rod; this armature at the moment of the opening of the valve bears against the two poles of the electro magnet a and maintains this position so long as the current passes to the coils. Immediately the current is broken the electro magnet a is'no longer magnetized and abandons the armature e; at this moment, the rod 01 under the action of a helical spring f quickly closes the valve which again falls on its seat, an air piston 9 being provided to prevent shock.

The current necessary for the successive magnetization of the electro magnet a is furnished by means of a small electrical machine driven by the engine itself. The current from the electrical machine passes first through a commutator (Figs. 2 and 3) placed directly beneath the governor and which breaks the current passing through the coils at the instant compression commences'in the motor cylinder. This commutator or distributor of the current is hereinafter described.

As in the Sulzer machine, parallelwise to the axis of the cylinder is placed the distributing shaft 0 driven by the motor shaft by means of bevel gearing. This distributing shaft 0 operates the regulator and commutator also by means of bevel gearing.

On the shaft 0 are keyed four cams, one opposite each valve, and these cams operate the valves by means of levers in a well known troduct-ion, which is limited here to one-tenth of the volume of the cylinder.

The commutator (Figs. 2 and 3) which regulates the distribution allows of the admission being varied from 0.10 to near v1.00 towork equally well with rapid movements of the piston.

For the purpose of obtaining a minimum introduction of one-tenth by the employment of the cam h it is only necessary to give the latter a larger diameter'as shown in Fig. 1. Under these conditions it possesses the advantage of effecting a complete and rapid opening of the valve (of about one twenty-fifth to one-thirtieth of a second) and consequently of avoiding the wiredrawing of the steam as it enters the cylinder.

The cams which operate the inlet valves be ing keyed upon the shaft 0, the extent of opening of the valve for the admission of the steamwill be constant; as to the closing this will depend upon the position of the governor as will be hereinafter described.

From the foregoing it. is easy to understand that at the moment of the introduction of steam into the cylinder, the cam it quickly and completely opens the inlet valve 0, brings into contact with the poles of the electro magnet a the armature e which does not separate therefrom to effect the closure of the valve until the current is broken.

The variations of the admission of steam into the cylinder therefore depend only upon the duration of the current which passes in to the coil of the electro magnet during the .period comprised between the opening and closing of the inlet valveand consequently upon the commutator which regulates the duration of this current.

The. cam h operates the inlet valve by means of a bent lever i, one arm of which carries a roller on which the cam acts at the commencement-of the admission; the other arm is jointed to a rod j which is connected to one end of a bent lever is which operates the rod of the- The closure of this valve is insured valve 0. by the helical spring fwhich acts at the same time upon the air piston g.

The outlet valves-are operated in the same manneras in the-Sulzer machines; the camswhich operate these valves have thesame diameteras those above described for the purpose of obtaining a quick opening and closing of the. outlet opening.

its ends with a roller which, during its movement turns upon the cam, the other end is jointed to a. bent lever Z which operates the rod of theoutlet valvec; the closing of this valve is insured by a helical spring n. The

cam is made in such a manner as to obtain a constant discharge and compression ofthe steam which has been expanded to the end of the stroke of the piston.

The commutator is composed of a circular plate of ivory m (Figs. 2 and 3) on the face- The. plate 10 is in permanent connection with the electro-magnet which regulates the distribution atone end of'thecylinder; the plate 19 is in perinanent'con-nection with the electro-magnet which regulates the distribu-- tion at the other end of-the cylinder.

Thenivory plate m is fixed ona circular The cam h acts directly upon the rod m provided at one of' metal plate m keyed on the boss of a crank q; the two plates m, m are concentric with the axis of this boss. The whole of the plates m, 'm are placed directly in communication with the governor by means of a rod t (Fig. 4) jointed at the ends respectively to the crank q and to the lever which operates the sleeve 15 of the governor.

The boss of the crank which is movable around its axis is mounted in slight frictional contact and without play upon the socket s fixed to a support 3' of the apparatus. If necessary a Washer is secured to the end of this socket to prevent any movement of the boss of the crank g in the direction of its longitudinal axis. In the same axial line is the socket s and perpendicularly to the face of the plate m is placed a small shaft 1' which receives rotary movement and is driven by s the distributing shaft 0 by means of two equal bevel wheels 0", r so that its circular velocity is the same as that of the fly wheel of the machine. This shaft 1" is supported'at its ends by two supports .9, s bolted tothe frame X of the machine; one of theen'ds of this' shaft r carries the bevel wheel v' which communicates to it its m ovement of rotation; at the other end is'fixed a washer T which prevents any displacement in the direction of the lengths of the shaft.

On the part of the shaftr which is near'the metal plates 19,19 is keyed a crank'v insulated from the shaft. During the rotationof the shaftr the endof the crank v remains constantly in contact with the plane surface formed by the metal plates .10, p and the insulating material which supports them for this purpose.-

The end of the crank-1) receives the'small rod '0' of square section the axis of which is perpendicular to the plane of th'e'plate m and which can slide in frictional contact and withoutplay in a mortise of the same section asthis rod formed in the end of the crank.

The rod 0; carries at its end'arolleru which bears lightly on the surface 10,19 of the plate; the contact of the roller with this surface is constantly insured bythe small spring o th'e tension of which can be regulated as'desired by means of a nut 0%.

A terminal u fixedon a support 3 and per-'- fectly insulated is in permanent communication withthe cranki; by'mean's of a flat spring u"which,during the movement 'of rotationof the shaft 1" constantly rubs on the bossof this crank. This terminal to receives :the end of' the positivewire of the dynamo.

Two similar terminals y, zare'fi-xe'd onthe plate m and-perfectly insulated from this plate; each of these terminals communicates with a metal plate and receives the'wire' which establishes a communication betwcen the-- metal plate 10,1) and the electro-magnet.

The operation of the comm-utatonwill' b'eeasily understood.

The current produced-by the' small'electo and thence passes to the roller 1: which, during its movement of rotation around the shaft r comes into contact alternately with the metal platespp and consequently alternately opens and closes the current in each of the electro-magnets a.

In order to describe the action produced by the governor to effect the admission it is sufficient to go back to the description of the movement of the admission valvesl The distributing cams being keyed on the shaft 0 the extent of the opening of the valve for the admission of the steam will consequently be constant, this position of the admission cam will correspond to a position of the crank '1; which will be always the same in the space and which is shown, in Fig. 3, by the dotted line V V which line indicatesthe positions of planes laid through the axis of the crank shaft and the axis of roller 0 There is also shown in the same figure by two dotted lines the path traversed by the roller 0 which, having a movement of rotation in the direction of the arrow as soon as the roller arrives in contact with the dotted line VV the admission commences in the cylinder. This admission will take place at one or other of the ends of the cylinder according to whether the roller is in contact with either the one or the other of the metal plates 10, p. The admission will cease immediately the roller. comes in contact with the insulating material placed between the metal plates.

As the dotted line V V always occupies the same position in the space it is evident that the admission will depend upon the position of the plate 1% with relation to these dotted lines and according to whether this plate has a small displacement or movement in one direction or the other, the admission will be increased or diminished.

It is easy to modify according to desire the introduction of the steam by lengthening or shortening the rod 16 (Fig. 4) which operates the plate m. For this purpose the rod is made in two parts the ends of which are screw threaded with threads cut in opposite directions and connected bya nut; it will thus be seen that by turning this nut in one or other direction the position of the plate m may be varied,that is to say, the introduction can be increased or diminished. To prevent the engine running at too great a speed we employ the following arrangement which is very simple and has for object to interrupt the current in the wire F (Fig. 4) which establishes communication with the commutator in order to send it to a closed circuit which, by producing the disengagement of a counter-weight, will close the admission valve.

On the sleeve 25 of the governor is fixed a small flat spring 15 during the movement of the governor the end of this spring rubs lightly on the plane surface of two metal plates 1, 2 fixed on an ivory plate 3, and separated one from the other by a small space.

The ivory plate 3 is fixed on the framing of the governor at a suitable height in order that at the moment the engine commences to race the spring 25 may be put in contact with the plate 2. This spring t is insulated from the sleeve on which it is fixed and communicates with the positive pole of the electrical machine. The plate 1 communicates by means of the conducting wire F with the commutator.

The plate 2 communicates by means of the wire F with an electro-magnet which, by its temporary magnetization, efiects the disengagement of the counterweight and thereby the closing of the admission valve the other end of the wire which is wound on the bobbins of the electro-magnet communicates with the dynamo machine so as to constitute a closed circuit when the spring i is in cont-act with the plate 2.

During the normal working of the engine the spring t remains constantly in contact with the plate 1 and the current is sent into the commutator.

If from any cause whatever the machine commences to race, the sleeve of the governor is raised as well as the spring t which is put in contact with the plate 2 and the current is then sent to the electro-magnet which will effect the closing of the admission valve.

In the case where it would be necessary to stop the engine in the two extreme positions of the governor we employ the arrangement shown in Fig. 5. The plate 1 of the construction described with reference to Fig. 4 is placed between two portions of the plate 2.

When the spring t rubs upon the plate 2 the working is normal, that is to say, the current passes from the spring t to F and thence to the commutator. But if the governor races or falls to its lowest position the spring rubs from top to bottom of the plate 2 and the current passes from t to F.

Our electro-magnetic system of distributing steam is obviously applicable to all kinds of distribution effected by valves, by slide valves, plain, cylindrical or otherwise, modifications being made to suit the difierent applications, and it may even be used for gas and petroleum motors.

We claim 1. In combination with an engine and its inlet valves, mechanical means for opening said valves, electro-magnets mounted on stationary frames for holding such valves open, and a commutator for breaking the electric circuits controlling said magnets, substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with an engine and its inlet valves, mechanical means for opening said valves, electro-magnets mounted on stationary frames for holding such valves open, and means actuated by the movement of the engine for breaking the electric circuits controlling said magnets, substantially as set forth. 1

3. In combination with an engine and its the engine for opening said valves, electromagnets mounted on stationary frames for holding the sameopen, and a commutator connected 'vvith'thegovernor of the engine for. breaking the electriccircuits controlling said magnets, substantially asset forth. a 4., The'cornbination withan engine and its inltvalves, of anau xiliaryishaft, as 0, d riven' bytheenigi'ne, cam mechanism actuated by such Shaft and, adjusted to open the inlet valve, electro-magne'ts mounted on stationary frames for holding such valves open, and a commutator ou said auxiliary shaft for breaking'thelelectric circuits controlling said mag new, antiates se 5. In combination with an engineand its inletvalvei's, means for opening said valves, 1

electro magnets mounted on stationary frames forholding such valves open,- a com mutator forinter nittently breaking the 'electric'c'ircnits controlling said magnets, and a switchactuated hy thegov'e'rnoi, for cutting the commutator out of circuit, substantially as set forth; u

6. In combination with an engine and its inlet valves, means for opening said valves,

electro magnets mounted on stationary frames for holdingsuch'valv'es' open','a com mutator for intermittently breaking the'elecitric circuits controlling said magnets, and a switch actu'atedby the governor for shifting the current from the cominntator to a'circuit controlling means for closing the admission valve, substantially as set forth;

In"witness' whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses;

AMINTHE DEooMBE; PIERRE 'LAMENA. Witnesses: JOHN PRESTON BEECI-IER,

E. VARLET.

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