US496409A - hansen - Google Patents

Description

'(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. HANSEN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP. No. 496,409. Patented May 2, 1898.

Wz'izzemra.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

F. HANSEN. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 496,409. Patented May 2, 1893.

I71 ?I 72 Zar UNITED STATES PATENT OFFECE.

FRITS HANSEN, OF LEIPSlC-REUDNITZ, GERM'ANY.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 496,409, dated May 2, 1893. Application filed December 13, 1892. Serial No. 455,068. (No model.) Patented in Luxemburg November 10, 1892, No. 1,711.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRITs HANSEN, a subject of the King of Denmark, residing at Leipsic-Reudnitz, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps, (patented in Luxemburg November 10, 1892, No. 1,711,) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to an'elect'ric arc lamp in which the regulation of the arc is effected by means of a pivoted electro-magnet which on an increase in the resistance of the lamp circuit is caused by a stationary armature to turn on its pivot to an extent corre sponding to the increase of resistance and thereby release the arresting mechanism which controls the movement of the carbons.

In arranging an arc lamp according to my invention, there is used in conjunction with the pivoted electro-magnet a chain wheel around which the chain or other suitable connection carrying the carbon holders runs. This chain wheel is mounted to oscillate with the electro-magnet, but is so connected therewith that the point of its circumference where the chain carrying the upper carbon holder runs 0%, lies exactlyin the axis of oscillation of the electro-magnet, so that during the oscillatory regulating movement of the electromagnet with the chain wheel the said point and consequently the carbon suspended therefrom will remain stationary, and only the opposite part of the chain or connection (hereinafter referred to as the chain) carrying the lower carbon holder will be moved according to requirement so that the regulation of the arc will be effected by the movement of the lower carbon alone. The arrangement is such that the position of the arc is caused to remain practically constant, which allows of the use of a small globe, so that an intense illumination can be obtained. 1

A lamp according to this invention'can be constructed eitheras a series lamp or as a shunt lamp that is to say with the coils of its electro-magnet either in series with, or as a shunt, to the are.

I will now proceed to more particularly describe by way of example the construction of a shunt lamp according to my invention referring for this purpose to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the lamp with the cover of the regulating mechanism removed. Fig. 2 is a plan of the regulating device. Figs. 3 and at are side elevations at right angles to one another of the lamp also with the cover removed. Fig. 5 illustrates diagrammatically the path of the current and the connections for a shunt lamp. Fig. 6 is a section; and Fig. 7is an underside view of a clamping device hereinafter referred to. Fig. 8 illustrates the mode of connection when the lamp is constructed as a series lamp.

The carbon holder Z) carrying the upper carbon a, is guided by means of the projections 0', c c 0 on the two hollow rods (1 (Z to which is fixed the plate 6 carrying the regulating mechanism. The upper carbon holder 1) is suspended from the part f of the chain fwhich runs round the chain wheel g and from the other part f of which is suspended the lower carbon holder 12 with the lower carbon (1- The lower carbon holder is carried by the rod 12 which is guided in the hollow rod (1 and has-connected to it the cross piece 19 to which the carbon holder proper b is fixed. A small pulley 12 mounted on the rod b insures the contact of the lower carbon holder with the hollow rod d and serves at the same time to guide the lower carbon holder in an easy and efficient manner.

The plate e is provided with two vertical lugs or extensions 6 and e on which a frame it is supported by means of knife edges h and h The connecting line of these knife edges h b intersects the vertical axis of the carbons at right angles.

In the cross pieces h 71* h h arranged at both ends of the frame it, there is supported the horse shoe electro-magnet t" 2' Also in the two middle pieces h lbs of the frame there is supported a shaft L on which the chain wheel g runs loosely. The chain wheel is mounted in such a position that the point 9' where the part f runs off from the chain wheel g, is situatedexactly in the point of intersection of the vertical axis of the carbons with the horizontal axis of oscillation of the frame it passing through the knife edges h 71 The result of this is that on the oscillation of the frame It, this point g and with it the part f of the chain with the upper carbon holder, remains stationary and only the outer portion f of the chain with the lower carbon holder is raised or lowered according to the extent of the oscillation.

On one side of the chain wheel 9 is mounted a pawl g which engages in a ratchet wheel is arranged at the same side of the chain wheel and fixed to the shaft is. The engagement is insured by means of a spring 9 On the shaftk is also fixed a toothed wheel 10 which acts by means of a train of wheels Z, Z, Z Z Z upon a fiy shaft m which carries a star or ratchet wheel m with which gears a pawl n fixed on a lever n journaled on a pin a that is fixed to the middle piece it of the frame h, the said lever n being guided by means of a fillet or projection n fixed on the other end of the said piece h The lever rests upon an eccentric disk n adj ustably fixed to the middle piece h so that the depth of en 'gagement of the pawl n in the star wheel m can be accurately regulated.

On the plate e are secured two pieces 0 o to which the stationary armature o is secured by means of screws 0 These screws are adjustable in vertical slots 0 There is also connected to the plate 6 a stop 0 which, on the oscillation of the electro-magnet 2" t in the direction of the arrow 1 arrests the lever n after the electro-magnet has turned through a predetermined angle, and thereby throws the pawl at out of gear on the further turning of the electro-magnet, whereupon the upper carbon holder 1) can descend owing to revolution of the chain wheelg and the train connected therewith being thus permitted.

To the plate e are fixed the two terminals 0" T The former which serves as the positive terminal is fixed to but insulated from the plate 6 and is electrically connected with the carbon at which is fixed to but insulated from the carbon holder b. The negative terminal r is electrically connected with the plate e which is electrically connected with the hollow rods d 01 From the terminal r there leads a branch conductor swhich forms the winding of the two legs of the horse shoe electro-magnet and the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative terminal.

The path of the current is more clearly indicated in Fig. 5.

When the circuit of the lamp is not completed the end of the electro-magnet turned toward the armature 0 is in the lowered position shown in Fig. 1, in consequence of the preponderance of weight on this side of the axis of oscillation. The frame h then rests with the foot h on the plate 6 and the mech anism is arrested. When the circuit of the lamp is completed and the carbons are not in proper position for forming the arc, the current passes through the branch conductor 8; the attraction between the elect-ro-magnet t" t and the armature then overcomes the aforesaid preponderance of weight; the electromagnet t 2' partly turns on its knife edge 7 bearings the pawl '11 is thrown out of engagement, and the preponderance of weight of the upper carbon holder b comes into action and causes the chain wheel g to rotate in the direction of the arrow 2. The pawl 9 carries the ratchet wheel is round with it and thus rotates the shaft kand thereby the whole train of Wheels Z, Z ,Z Z Z m. lVhen the two carbons come into contact the current passes chiefly through the main conductor, with the result that the preponderance of weight causes the electro-magn et to immediately swing back into its original position and move the lower carbon away from the upper carbon to a suitable extent to strike the are. q I I In the swinging back of the electro-ma'gnet the star wheel m is at the same timearr'ested by the pawl 07. whereby the whole of the train of wheels with the chain wheel g is brought to rest. 7

When by the burning away of the carbons the resistance in the main circuit increases, a correspondingly larger current will pass through the shunt circuit and the electromagnet will become more strongly energized and again commence to partly turn on its bearings thereby without altering the position of the upper carbon a, moving the lower carbon a? nearer to the upper carbon at so that equilibrium is again established between the resistance in the arc circuit and the extent of oscillation of the electro-I'n'agnet. In this manner a permanent and extremely fine regulation is effected. As the carbons continue to burn away the extent to which the electro-magnet will turn will gradually increase, the lever n will ultimately bear upon the stop p; and then on the further turning of the electro-magnet that takes place consequent on the increasing resistance in the arc, the star wheel on will be released. Then by the rotation of the chain wheel g the dew sired supplementary regulation at once takes place, both carbons being moved nearer to each other in such a manner that the electromagnet t" t swings back again in consequence of the sudden decrease of resistance in the main circuit, and the described operation of regulation begins anew. I

A spring u fixed at one end to the frame h and at the other end to amovable lever u serves to counter-balance to a certain extent, the preponderance of weight of the frame h ITO and electro-magnet on one side of the axis of. oscillation so that the sensitiveness of regu lation is not injuriously afiected. The extent of oscillation of the electro-magnet to each side is limited by stops which in the case shown are provided on the frame It at 7L9 and h In order .to enable the lamp to be conveniently adjusted by hand when the mechanism is covered, the stop 1) is fixed to a pin 1) that is guided in a sleeve q and extends through a suitable hole in the plate eso that by pushing up the pin 1), the pawl 71 can be disengaged.

As will be understood from theforegoing description the focus of the lamp is maintained constant. This allows of the use of a small globe s, which in the example shown rests on a holder twhich is fixed at a suitable place to the two guide rods cl (1 and has in the center an annular hollow space if in which the lower tubular extension 5 of the globe fits.

For the purpose of cleaning the globe or inserting new carbons, the carbon holders are moved away from each other by hand in the usual manner, the chain wheel 9 rotating in the direction of the arrow 3, and the pawl g sliding backward over the teeth of the ratchet wheel is.

In order to enable the upper carbon a to be readily and quickly inserted, and to insure a perfectly secure holding of the carbon itself, the clamping device shown in Figs. 6 and 7 may advantageously be used. It consists of a bent lever 12 c one arm 41 of which works in a slot in the sleeve a and a spring 10 that is fixed to the carbon holder. This spring acts upon the arm 2; of the lever which also serves as a handle in such a manner that the other arm '0 of the lever firmly clamps the carbon in the sleeve a In order to secure under all circumstances electric connection between the lower carbon holder b and one or other of the guide rods (1' or 61 the carbon holder can, as shown in Fig. 4 be connected with one of these rods by a thin copper strip z so arranged as not to hinder the movement of the carbon holder.

As hereinbefore stated the lamp can also be constructed as a series lamp for coupling up in parallel. The regulating mechanism in this case is the same as in the shunt lamp above described excepting that the stationary armature 0 as shown in Fig. 8 is arranged below instead of above the electro-magnet 11' i which is wound with thick wire instead of with fine wire through which the whole of the lamp current flows. Also that portion of the electro-magnet lying behind the axis of oscillation and away from the armature together with the attached mechanism is in this case made preponderant in weight, which may be conveniently brought about by a spring of suitable strength. The current enters, as in the shunt lamp, at the insulated positive terminal, is led by an insulated flexible conductor to the positive carbon holder, whichis also insulated, whence it passes to the carbon rods. The current then passes to the lamp frame and is led by a flexible conductor connected to the latter, thence to the winding of the electro-magnet, and finally passes by a conductor, also flexible and insulated, to the insulated negative terminal. The spring a is of such strength that when the lamp is cut out, the rear end of the electro-magnet is drawn in a downward direction, so that the ratchet mechanism is released, and the carbon rods consequently move nearer together. When the lamp circuit is completed and the electro-magnet is thereby energized, the latter swings downward at its front end owing to the attraction of the armature situated beneath it, the pawl 72 coming into engagement at the commencement of the motion, while on the further movement of the electromagnet the negative carbon holder 12 which was alone set in motion, moves down still farther until the arc is of normal length. During the working of the lamp the electro-magnet becomes weaker in proportion to the decrease of the current strength due to the lengthening of the are so that the spring a will draw the electro-magnet farther and farther away from the armature 0 and thereby effect the regulation until finally on the continued moving back of the electro-magnet the ratchet mechanism will be disengaged when both carbons will be moved nearer to each other. In consequence of the increase of current strength in the electro-magnet that will then immediately take place, the latter will again swing toward the armature and the normal length of are be again established.

The features which I claim as new are the following:

1. In combination, the upper and lower mot able carbon holders the pivoted electro magnet with its frame, the wheel carried thereby to one side of the pivots of the magnet, the connections between the carbon holders passing around the said wheel, the armature for the electro magnet, and the escapement mechanism for the wheel comprising the pawl arranged to be released by the pivotal movement of the electro magnet, substantially as described.

2. In combination, the upper and lower carbon holders, the pivoted electro magnet, the armature therefor and the connection between the electro magnet and one of the carbon holders, said connection extending from a point to one side of the pivots of the magnet, substantially as described.

3. In combination, the upper and lower movable carbon holders, the electro magnet with its frame pivotally supported, the wheel journaled in the pivoted frame to one side of the pivots of said frame, the connection passing over said wheel and to the carbon holders, the wheel being arranged so that its point of contact with the said connection leading to the upper carbon holder will be in the same vertical plane with the pivots of the electro magnet frame and the axes of the carbons, and the means for controlling the rotary movements of the wheel in its journals, substantially as described.

vice for the upper carbon consisting of a pivoted bent lever one arm of which moves in a slot in the carbon-sleeve and is pressed against the carbon by a spring that acts upon the other arm which serves also as a handle as set forth.

In testimony whereof laflix my signature in 20 presence of two witnesses.

FRITS HANSEN.

WVitnesses:

A. P. FELIX, CARL BORNGRABER'.

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