US4681687A - Use of alkali metal nitrites to inhibit H2 S formation in flue gas desulfurization system sludges - Google Patents
Use of alkali metal nitrites to inhibit H2 S formation in flue gas desulfurization system sludges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4681687A US4681687A US06/920,476 US92047686A US4681687A US 4681687 A US4681687 A US 4681687A US 92047686 A US92047686 A US 92047686A US 4681687 A US4681687 A US 4681687A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sulfate
- sup
- sludges
- alkali metal
- ppm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- -1 alkali metal nitrites Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical group [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000605716 Desulfovibrio Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 101100204264 Arabidopsis thaliana STR4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150076149 TROL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012898 sample dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000019086 sulfide ion homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/916—Odor, e.g. including control or abatement
Definitions
- Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludges become highly contaminated with sulfate-reducing bacteria, particularly the species, Desulfovibrio desulfricans. Such sludges or slurries are produced due to scrubbing gases in the stacks of large boilers such as are found in utilities. These large boilers utilize high sulfur fuels such as coal or high sulfur fuel and residual oils.
- FGD Flue gas desulfurization
- FGD system sludge contains high concentrations (>10%) of gypsum (CaSO 4 . 2H 2 O) and calcium sulfite hemihydrate (CaSo 3 .1/2H 2 O).
- the lower areas of thickeners and ponds become anaerobic, resulting in an ideal growth environment for sulfate-reducing bacteria of the species Desulfovibrio.
- the growth of Desulfovibrio reduces sulfate and sulfite and evolves hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) gas to the atmosphere. Hydrogen sulfide generation is an odor problem even at low levels.
- the bacteria can also cause corrosion of construction materials. These problems are particularly severe in warm weather, such as in the summer season and much of the year in the southern United States.
- the use of biocides in actual FGD systems has been rather rare.
- this industrial sludge contains sulfate-reducing bacteria in quantities greater than 100 colonies per ml. This means that sulfate-reducing bacteria controlling biocides are ineffective or require such large dosages as to be impractical.
- the invention comprises a method for controlling the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and odors produced thereby in FGD scrubber sludges which comprises treating these sludges with a biocidal and odor controlling dosage of an alkali metal nitrite.
- alkali metal nitrite such as sodium, potassium or ammonium, which later term is considered as alkali metal, it is preferred to use the readily available and inexpensive sodium nitrite for best results.
- the alkali metal nitrite is applied at a dosage of at least 50 ppm with a dosage of 100-500 ppm being preferred when the sulfate-reducing count is less then 100 colonies per ml.
- the dosage and the alkali metal nitrite should be about 100-1,000 ppm by weight of the total FGD system.
- the treated sludges were incubated for 12 days at which time sulfate-reducing bacteria counts and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were determined.
- Sodium nitrite demonstrated excellent control of sulfate-reducing bacteria and prevented the biogenic production of H 2 S in a mildly contaminated FGD sludge. After 12/days a sample treated with 50 ppm sodium nitrite contained 3 ⁇ 10 4 sulfate reducers and 1 ppm H 2 S as compared to 1 ⁇ 10 6 sulfate reducers and 1,000 ppm H 2 S in the untreated contol.
- Sodium nitrite demonstrated excellent control of sulfate reducers and H 2 S in a heavily contaminated FGD sludge. Three days after being treated with 100 ppm sodium nitrite, the sulfate reducers were reduced by 99.9% and the H 2 S by 70%.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
TABLE I __________________________________________________________________________ TWELVE DAY RESULTS CON- TEST NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TROL __________________________________________________________________________ ZERO HOUR TREATMENT (PPM) Na NO.sub.2 200 100 50 25 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- Na NO.sub.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 100 50 25 10 5 -- TOTAL COUNT Sulfate Reducers 0 200 3 × 10.sup.4 1 ×10.sup.6 1 × 10.sup.6 1 × 10.sup.6 1 × 10.sup.6 1 × 10.sup.6 >10.sup.6 >10.sup.6 >10.sup.6 >10.sup.6 >10.sup.6 H.sub.2 S (ppm) 0 0 1 200 400 400 600 N.D. N.D. N.D. 500 600 1000 H.sub.2 S Odor None None None 0-1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sludge Color Tan Tan Tan Light Light Light Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray __________________________________________________________________________ 0 = None 1 = Slight 2 = Moderate 3 = Strong 4 = Very Strong
TABLE II __________________________________________________________________________ (72 HOUR RESULTS) TEST NUMBER 7 8 9 10 11 12 CONTROL __________________________________________________________________________ Sodium Nitrite 1000 500 100 50 25 10 -- (ppm) PPM H.sub.2 S 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Before Treatment PPM H.sub.2 S 100 200 300 400 500 N.D.* 1000 After treatment Sulfate Reducers .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 Before Treatment Sulfate Reducers <100 <100 <100 2 × 10.sup.4 .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 .sup. >10.sup.6 After Treatment __________________________________________________________________________ *N.D. = Not Determined
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/920,476 US4681687A (en) | 1986-10-20 | 1986-10-20 | Use of alkali metal nitrites to inhibit H2 S formation in flue gas desulfurization system sludges |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/920,476 US4681687A (en) | 1986-10-20 | 1986-10-20 | Use of alkali metal nitrites to inhibit H2 S formation in flue gas desulfurization system sludges |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4681687A true US4681687A (en) | 1987-07-21 |
Family
ID=25443812
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/920,476 Expired - Fee Related US4681687A (en) | 1986-10-20 | 1986-10-20 | Use of alkali metal nitrites to inhibit H2 S formation in flue gas desulfurization system sludges |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4681687A (en) |
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4793982A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1988-12-27 | Nalco Chemical Company | Use of nitrites to enhance SO2 removal in flue gas desulfurization wet scrubbers |
US4911843A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-03-27 | Davis Water And Waste Industries, Inc. | Process for removal of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and reduction of sewage BOD in sewer or other waste systems |
US5147563A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1992-09-15 | Long Enterprises, Inc. | Sewage sludge treatment with gas injection |
WO1996030311A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-03 | Otv Omnium De Traitements Et De Valorisation | Sludge digestion method |
US5750392A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1998-05-12 | Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc. | Composition for reducing the amount of and preventing the formation of hydrogen sulfide in an aqueous system, particularly in an aqueous system used in oil field applications |
US5948269A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-09-07 | Stone; Michael D. | Process for the removal and suppression of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and other malodorous compounds and reduction of acidity in liquid and sludge wastewater systems |
US5984993A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-11-16 | Vulcan Materials Company | Method and composition for odor control |
US6001152A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-12-14 | Sinha; Rabindra K. | Flue gas conditioning for the removal of particulates, hazardous substances, NOx, and SOx |
US6309597B1 (en) | 1997-05-12 | 2001-10-30 | Arkion Life Sciences | Method for reducing hydrogen sulfide level in water containing sulfate-reducing bacteria and hydrogen sulfide-metabolizing bacteria |
JP2001524876A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2001-12-04 | ディーシーヴィー インコーポレイテッド | Methods for reducing hydrogen sulfide levels in wastewater systems. |
US6495096B1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2002-12-17 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Deodorant and process for deodorization using said deodorant |
US20040173525A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-09 | United States Filter Corporation | Methods and apparatus for reducing nitrate demands in the reduction of dissolved and/or atmospheric sulfides in wastewater |
US20050224409A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2005-10-13 | Usfilter Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling sulfide generation |
US20060006121A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-12 | Simpson Gregory D | Synergistic composition and method for odor control |
US20080041785A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2008-02-21 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Systems and methods for wastewater odor control |
US20080237148A1 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2008-10-02 | Richard Dennis | Water treatment control systems and methods of use |
US20090095664A1 (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2009-04-16 | Parkson Corporation | Denitrification process and system |
CN100508758C (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2009-07-08 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Method for inhibiting activity of sulfate reducing bacteria in oil field surface water and agent used thereof |
US20090188859A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-07-30 | Matheis Timothy F | Wastewater treament systems and methods |
US20100243578A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-09-30 | Frost Jack G | Sodium Nitrite Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide |
US7905245B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2011-03-15 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Dosing control system and method |
DE102009055381A1 (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2011-06-30 | Yara International Asa | Wastewater treatment agent for rapid suppression of putrefactive bacteria in wastewater and process |
US20110233146A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-09-29 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Synergistic wastewater odor control composition, systems, and related methods therefor |
US8430112B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2013-04-30 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Slurry feed system and method |
CN103113866A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Novel biological inhibitor for inhibiting activity of sulfate reducing bacteria in oil well and use method thereof |
ES2397463R1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2013-06-07 | Eaux De Marseille Soc D | Treatment procedure for the reduction or prevention of the production of hydrogen sulfide compound and corresponding installation |
US8845986B2 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2014-09-30 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Process to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and mercury from coal-fired boilers |
US8968646B2 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2015-03-03 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Synergistic methods for odor control |
CN106434515A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-22 | 北京实力伟业环保科技有限公司 | Method for domesticating bacteria strains applied to biochemical treatment of sulfur-containing waste gas in viscose fiber industry |
US9957454B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-05-01 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Method and additive for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions |
US10427096B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2019-10-01 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes |
US10435316B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2019-10-08 | Orange County Sanitation District | Chemical optimization during wastewater treatment, odor control and uses thereof |
US10730015B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2020-08-04 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Hot-side method and system |
US10758863B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2020-09-01 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery |
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Cited By (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4793982A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1988-12-27 | Nalco Chemical Company | Use of nitrites to enhance SO2 removal in flue gas desulfurization wet scrubbers |
US4911843A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-03-27 | Davis Water And Waste Industries, Inc. | Process for removal of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and reduction of sewage BOD in sewer or other waste systems |
USRE36651E (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 2000-04-11 | U.S. Filter Distribution Group, Inc. | Process for removal of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and reduction of sewage BOD in sewer or other waste systems |
USRE37181E1 (en) | 1988-12-09 | 2001-05-22 | U.S. Filter Corporation | Process for removal of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and reduction of sewage BOD in sewer or other waste systems |
US5147563A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1992-09-15 | Long Enterprises, Inc. | Sewage sludge treatment with gas injection |
US5750392A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1998-05-12 | Geo-Microbial Technologies, Inc. | Composition for reducing the amount of and preventing the formation of hydrogen sulfide in an aqueous system, particularly in an aqueous system used in oil field applications |
WO1996030311A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-03 | Otv Omnium De Traitements Et De Valorisation | Sludge digestion method |
FR2732335A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-04 | Omnium Traitement Valorisa | METHOD FOR STABILIZING SLUDGE |
US5876613A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-03-02 | Omnium De Traitements Et De Valorisation | Sludge digestion method |
US6309597B1 (en) | 1997-05-12 | 2001-10-30 | Arkion Life Sciences | Method for reducing hydrogen sulfide level in water containing sulfate-reducing bacteria and hydrogen sulfide-metabolizing bacteria |
JP2001524876A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2001-12-04 | ディーシーヴィー インコーポレイテッド | Methods for reducing hydrogen sulfide levels in wastewater systems. |
US6001152A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-12-14 | Sinha; Rabindra K. | Flue gas conditioning for the removal of particulates, hazardous substances, NOx, and SOx |
US5948269A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-09-07 | Stone; Michael D. | Process for the removal and suppression of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and other malodorous compounds and reduction of acidity in liquid and sludge wastewater systems |
US5984993A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-11-16 | Vulcan Materials Company | Method and composition for odor control |
US6495096B1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2002-12-17 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Deodorant and process for deodorization using said deodorant |
US20050224409A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2005-10-13 | Usfilter Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling sulfide generation |
US7186341B2 (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2007-03-06 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Methods and apparatus for reducing nitrate demands in the reduction of dissolved and/or atmospheric sulfides in wastewater |
US20050242010A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2005-11-03 | Usfilter Corporation | Methods and apparatus for reducing nitrate demands in the reduction of dissolved and/or atmospheric sulfides in wastewater |
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