Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0081—Tear strength
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
  • B32B2307/31—Heat sealable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/41—Opaque
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/514—Oriented
  • B32B2307/518—Oriented bi-axially
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
  • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
  • B32B2323/046—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
  • B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2553/00—Packaging equipment or accessories not otherwise provided for
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
  • Y10T428/254—Polymeric or resinous material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
  • Y10T428/258—Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or compound thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
  • Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
  • Y10T428/2817—Heat sealable
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
  • Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
  • Y10T428/2817—Heat sealable
  • Y10T428/2822—Wax containing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
  • Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
  • Y10T428/2817—Heat sealable
  • Y10T428/2826—Synthetic resin or polymer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
  • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
  • Y10T428/31667—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers, or aldehyde or ketone condensation product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer

Definitions

• This invention relates to opaque, heat sealable, oriented muliple polyolefin films, which are particularly suitable as wrapping films.
• Opaque multiple-layer films of polyolefins are known from DE-AS No. 2 814 311.
• an object of the present invention is to provide opaque heat-sealable multilayer films, particularly packaging films, having a high sealing strength at low sealing temperature, which show particularly favourable optical properties, such as gloss, and compatibility with conventional packaging machines of various types.
• an opaque, heat sealable multilayer film consisting of a biaxially oriented base layer of propylene polymers containing from 3 to 15%, by weight, preferably from 8 to 12%, by weight of additives incompatible with the propylene polymer and of at least one heat sealable at least monoaxially oriented layer of a combination of:
• the polymer which forms the base layer of the sealable multilayer film according to the present invention is a propylene polymer containing up to at most 10%, by weight, of another ⁇ -olefin containing at most 8 carbon atoms, preferably ethylene.
• An isotactic polypropylene having a density of from 0.9 to 0.91 g/cm 3 and a melt flow index of from 1 to 4 g/10 mins. at 230° C./21.6N (according DIN 53735) is preferably used.
• the base layer contains from 3 to 15%, by weight, preferably from 8 to 12%, by weight, of additives incompatible with the propylene polymers, preferably an inorganic additive, such as CaCO 3 , SiO 2 , Na-Al silicate and/or TiO 2 , which additives should have an average particle size from 0,2 to 20 ⁇ m, preferable from 2 to 8 ⁇ m.
• an inorganic additive such as CaCO 3 , SiO 2 , Na-Al silicate and/or TiO 2 , which additives should have an average particle size from 0,2 to 20 ⁇ m, preferable from 2 to 8 ⁇ m.
• the base layer may also contain an organic incompatible additive, preferably polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or copolymers of such compounds having the above mentioned particle size.
• an organic incompatible additive preferably polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or copolymers of such compounds having the above mentioned particle size.
• incompatible means that polymeric additives of the type in question have a different melting point and/or a different stretching ratio than the propylene polymer and that, in the stretching process, the polymer matrix is torn open, resulting in vacuole formation, as in cases where inorganic additives are used.
• the main constituent of the heat sealable layer is a predominately linear statistical low-density ethylene copolymer of ethylene with up to 12 mole %, preferably from 2 to 8 mole %, of C 3 -C 10 ⁇ -olefins, preferably propylene 1-butene, pentene, hexene, octene, nonene, decene or 4-methyl-1-pentene, more preferably 1-butene, hexene or octene, the copolymers are obtained under polymerization conditions which normally lead to high-density polyethylene, i.e. low pressures and temperatures and in the presence of organometallic catalysts.
• ethylene copolymers used in accordance with the present invention should have a density below 0.94, preferably from 0.900 to 0.925, more preferably from 0.903 to 0.915, g/cm 3 .
• Natural or synthetic resins having a softening point of from 60° to 80° C., preferably from 80° to 100° C., are used as the low molecular weight resins compatible with the LLDPE.
• Compatible resins may be regarded as resins which may be added to the sealing layer in a concentration of up to 30%, by weight, without deterioration in the optical properties of the film.
• Rosin, dammar resins, turpentine resins, hydrocarbon resins, ketone resins, phenolic resins, chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon resins may be used as the compatible resins. These resins are described in Ullmanns Encyclopadie der ischen Chemie, Vol. 12, 1976, p. 525 to 555.
• rosin is obtained by distilling off turpentine oil from the resins of pines or root stocks.
• rosin is also to be understood to include rosin esters and also modified rosin, such as dehydrogenated odr fractionated rosin.
• Dammar resins are also natural resins in the form of colourless to yellow materials which are also obtained by natural resin exudation.
• Hydrocarbon resins are polymers of carbon and hydrogen which are obtained in the distillation of coal tar during the cracking of naphtha or gas oil from coke-oven gas or from turpentene oil.
• Typical examples of such resins are coumarone resins, petroleum resins, terpene resins, styrene resins, cylopentadiene resins.
• Coumarone resins are to be understood to be hydrocarbon resins which are obtained from coke-oven gas or by polymerization of resin-forming compounds of the type encountered in coal tar distillation processes, phenolmodified coumarone resins being obtained by copolymerization.
• the raw material base from which the petroleum resins are produced is obtained in the cracking of naphtha or gas oil.
• Resin-forming compounds are inter alia butene, butadiene, pentene, piperylene, isoprene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, alkyl benzenes, methyl dicyclopentadiene, methyl indene, naphthalene styrene indene, vinyl toluene, methyl styrene.
• Low molecular weight homopolymers of styrene and other copolymers, such as ⁇ -methyl styrene, vinyl toluene and butadiene, are also suitable low molecular weight resins.
• the cyclopentadiene resins are obtained from coal tar distillates and the petroleum gases separated.
• the polymers are obtained by prolonged exposure of the unsaturated compounds to high temperatures.
• the terpene resins are obtained by polymerization of terpenes, such as ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, dipentene, limonene, myncene, bornylene, caphene and similar terpenes.
• the chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons generally contain from 30 to 70%, by weight, of chlorine and are known as chlorine waxes or are derived from biphenyl chloride, terphenyl or mixtures thereof.
• hydrocarbon resins mentioned may also be used in the form of modified products, in which case modification is possible by copolymerization with certain monomers or by reaction with other polymers, but especially by hydrogenation or partial hydrogenation of the unsaturated constituents of the resins.
• modification is possible by copolymerization with certain monomers or by reaction with other polymers, but especially by hydrogenation or partial hydrogenation of the unsaturated constituents of the resins.
• hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins based on cyclopentadiene are especially useful.
• Phenolic resins of the type obtained by reaction of phenols and aldehydes are also suitable.
• phenol, cresol, xylenol, paraphenylphenol may be condensed with formaldehyde, furfuryl aldehyde or acetaldehyde.
• the heat sealable layer contains as component (c) a mixture of a polyethylene wax and an oxazoline wax prepared from stearic acid and an amino alcohol. Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane is preferable used as the amino alcohol.
• the ratio in which the two components are mixed may be varied over a wide range, although they are preferably mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1.
• the sealable layer contains polydiorganosiloxanes or mixtures thereof which generally have a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. of at least 100 mm 2 /second.
• Suitable polydiorganosiloxanes are polydialkylsiloxanes, polyalkylphenylsiloxanes, olefin-modified siloxane oils, polyether-modified siloxane oils, olefin/polyether-modified silicone oils, epoxy-modified silicone oils and alcohol-modified silicone oils, polydialkylsiloxanes preferably containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; polydimethylsiloxane is particularly suitable.
• the polydiorganosiloxanes should preferably have a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. of at least 10 5 mm 2 /second, preferably at least 10 6 mm 2 /second.
• the layers may contain conventional additives and auxiliaries, such as lubricants, antiblocking agents and antistatic agents, in the conventional quantities.
• auxiliaries such as lubricants, antiblocking agents and antistatic agents, in the conventional quantities.
• unsaturated fatty acid amides saturated fatty acid amides, such as stearic acid amide, erucic acid amide, thermoplastic polymers which are incompatible with the LLDPE of the heat sealing layer, such as polyamide-12, inorganic antiblocking agents or antistatic compounds, such as long-chain aliphatic tertiary amines, which may optionally be monounsaturated, such as ethoxylated tertiary amines, for example a N,N-bis-(hydroxyethyl)(C 12 -C 16 )-alkylamine.
• the multilayer films according to the present invention may be produced by conventional methods, such as lamination, coating or melt (co)extrusion, the combination of which the heat sealable layer consists being obtainable by the master batch technique, but preferably by direct compounding.
• Any stretching in the longitudinal direction should be carried out in a ratio of from 5:1 to 7:1 and in the transverse direction in a ration of from 7:1 to 10:1.
• the ratio of the film density after stretching to the film density before stretching should generally reach at most 0.9.
• the multilayer film according to the present invention should preferably have a thickness of from 20 to 80 ⁇ m, of which each heat sealable layer sould have a thickness of preferably from 0.8 to 2 ⁇ m, more preferably of 1 ⁇ m.
• the opaque multilayer films according to the present invention are particularly suitable for use as packaging material, more especially for foods and confectionery, and to this end may be printed and provided with tear-open strips.
• the gloss of the film was determined using a photo-electric gloss meter after Dr. B. Lange, Berlin, consisting of a low-voltage bulb and a condenser, which illuminate the specimen at 45°, and a second section, at 45° to the measuring plane, with a pinhole diaphragm and a photocell.
• the gloss meter is connected to a finely adjustable indicating instrument (microammeter) which, in addition, contains the power supply and voltage stabilizer for the bulb.
• the gloss is defined as the proportion of light normally reflected at 45° in %, based on a surface-silvered mirror as 100% standard.
• a polished black glass plate is mounted on the gloss meter as an intermediate standard because the silver mirror standard is not tarnish-resistant in air. It has exactly 5% of the gloss of a surface-silvered mirror. Accordingly, the galvanometer reading of the photocell of the floss meter is adjusted through the black glass intermediate standard in order to increase the accuracy of reading of the scale graduation by the control potentiometer.
• the film to be tested is placed flat under the gloss meter on matt-black photographic papers transversely of the direction of travel, based on the optical axis of the gloss meter, and is measured at five satisfactory places. The galvanometer reading is divided by 10 and the average value is determined.
• sealing strength is tested under a low sealing pressure.
• Sealing strength is to be understood to be the force required to separate a sealing seam formed under defined conditions (0.35 N/cm 2 , 0.5 sec. and the temperatures indicated in the Table).
• the sealing strength is expressed in Newtons and is based on a 15 mm wide test strip.

Landscapes

• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)
• Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
• Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
• Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
• Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
• Making Paper Articles (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
• Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=6270532

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (20)

Cited By (31)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (14)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1985
  • 1985-05-11 DE DE19853517081 patent/DE3517081A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1986
  • 1986-04-29 NO NO861684A patent/NO861684L/no unknown
  • 1986-04-29 EP EP86105899A patent/EP0201799B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1986-04-29 DE DE8686105899T patent/DE3665419D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1986-04-29 AT AT86105899T patent/ATE46105T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-05-05 AU AU57125/86A patent/AU5712586A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-05-05 TR TR228/86A patent/TR22811A/xx unknown
  • 1986-05-07 EG EG261/86A patent/EG17735A/xx active
  • 1986-05-08 JP JP61103950A patent/JPS61261051A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-05-08 SU SU864027423A patent/SU1454255A3/ru active
  • 1986-05-08 YU YU74686A patent/YU45779B/sh unknown
  • 1986-05-09 HU HU861937A patent/HU202145B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-05-09 US US06/861,773 patent/US4666772A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-05-09 DD DD86290090A patent/DD244725A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-05-09 BR BR8602088A patent/BR8602088A/pt unknown
  • 1986-05-09 ES ES554836A patent/ES8900111A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1986-05-09 FI FI861956A patent/FI86277C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-05-09 PL PL1986259418A patent/PL151032B1/pl unknown
  • 1986-05-09 ZA ZA863452A patent/ZA863452B/xx unknown
  • 1986-05-09 CA CA000508797A patent/CA1240912A/en not_active Expired
  • 1986-05-09 DK DK216986A patent/DK162078C/da active

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