US437508A - Fabrik-deutz - Google Patents

Description

(No 1100181. 2 Sheetgs-Sheet 1.

N. A. OTTO.

GAS on 011. MOTOR ENGINE.

No. 437,508. Patented Sept. 30', 1890.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.) Y r N. .A.. OTTO. GAS 0R OIL MOTOR ENGINE.

No. 437,508. Patented Sew-'30, 1890 UNITED STATES PATENT OF ICE.

NICOLAUS AUGUST OTTO, OF COLOGNE, ASSIGNOR TO THE GAS-MOTOREN- FABRIK-DEUTZ, OF KOLN-DEUTZ, GERMANY.

' GAS OR OIL MOTOR ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,508, dated september 30, 1890.

Application filed May 24, 1890. Serial No. 353,081. (No model.) Patented in Belgium May 13, 1890, No. 90,540, and in Italy June '7, 1890, LIV, 42.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NICOLAUS AUGUST OTTO, a citizen of Prussia, residing at O0- logne, in the German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas or Oil Motor Engines, (for which I have obtained patents in Belgium dated May 13, 1890, No. 90,540, and in Italy dated June '7, 1890, Vol. LIV, No. 42,) of which the following is a Specification.

This invention relates to gas or oil motor engines working with a cycle of four strokes, and has for its object to dispense with the counter-shaft driven at half the speed of the engine-shaft, such as is usually employed with such engines for working the valve and other gear. For this purpose the valve for admitting the combustible mixture of gas and air is made automaticthat is to say, it is held closed by a spring of such strength as to allow the valve to be opened by the pressure of the atmosphere when the piston performs its suction-outstroke. The discharge-valve, on the other hand, is opened at the end of the working-outstroke by an apparatus-such as a small cylinder with piston that is subject to the pressure existing in the engine-cylinder toward the end of theworking-strokeand the valve is held open during the expellingstroke, and is then made to close either by maintaining the pressure in the small cylinder during that time and then allowing such "pressure to escape or by providing a locking device which holds the valve in the open position, and which is afterward made to re lea'seth'e valve; or, again, the valve may be connected toa cataract or other similar device, which controlsthe motion of the valve, so that it does not close before the end of the working-stroke. In combination with these arrangements I also employdevices whereby when the engine runs too fast either the igniting device is made to prevent the ignition of the explosive charge at'the end of the compression-stroke, so that the charge is allowed to expand again during the following outstroke, or is then again compressed, and so on until the speed of the engine is again reduced to the normal.

Figure 1 shows a side view, partly in section, of a gas-motor engine with one arrangement of my invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 shows apart section of the cylinder with the piston in a difierent position. Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view. Fig. 4 is a diagram of the action of the engine, in which the arrow 1 indicates the suction and working strokes, and the arrow 2 the compression and expel ling strokes.

A small cylinder h communicates by a pipe 2' with the engine-cylinder at a point which is uncovered by the piston e when this arrives at the end of its outstroke, as shown in Fig. 1. A second passage in the cylinder communicates with the atmosphere or exhaust, and when the piston arrives at the end of its instroke a cavity 9 formed therein establishes a communication between i and k, and consequently between the cylinder hand the atmosphere. The cylinder h contains a piston m, which is pressed inward by a spring 25, and which is connected bya rod to adoubleended lever Z, the other end of which acts on the stem of the discharge-valve f.

In the cylinder-head is situated the gas and air admission valve n of known construction, as shown in section at Fig. 3, which opens automatically against the action of a spring when the engine-piston is performing its suction-stroke, so as to admit a charge of explo- ,sive mixture.

Fig. 3 shows a part sectional elevation of a modification, in which the piston m is connected directly with the discharge-valve stem, the communication between the cylinder h and the engine-cylinder being effected by the pipe 1' and the piston m being pressed inward by a spring 15, as before. 7

In both the above arrangements when, at the end ofthe working-outstroke of the piston c, this uncovers the passage 2', the pressure existing in the cylinder is transmitted through passage 75 to the cylinder h, thereby forcing piston an outward against the action of the springs t and moving lever Z, so as to open the discharge-valve. As soon as the piston e commences its expelling-instroke, it closes the opening of the passage i, thus confining the gases under'pressure in cylinder h, and consequently keeping the piston m, lever l, and valve f in the open position until at the end of the instroke the cavity 9 puts e in communication with k, whereupon the pressure will escape from 71., allowing the springs t to move the piston m and lever Z back into their original position and to close the discharge-valve f.

In the diagram at Fig. 4 the part of the circle between a and 1) indicates the time during which the passage 1' remains uncovered by the piston e at the end of the outstrokes, and the part between 0 and d the time during which the passage is put in communication with the exhaust k by the cavity 9 at the end of the instrokes.

For igniting the explosive charges an electrical igniting apparatus is shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the circuit of which is broken or closed by the action of a governor, according as the engine is running too fast or at ordinaryspeed. The two poles are fixed in an insulated man ner opposite each other in a tube Z, so that a spark passing from the one to the other will ignite a charge after this has been compressed by the compressing-stroke. The spark will also pass at the commencement of the suction-stroke; but as the tube Z will then be filled with products of the previous combustion no ignition will occur.

The working of the engine, arranged as at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, will take place as follows:

At the suction-stroke of piston e explosive mixture will be drawn into the cylinder through the automatic mixing admissionvalve 02. This will be compressed at the return-stroke and will be fired by the ignitor Z when the piston has arrived at the dead-center. At or about the completion'of the ensuing working-outstroke (at point a, in diagram,

tween 11 and k at the end of the stroke, and

thus allows the discharge-valve to close. A

fresh charge is then drawn in by the following outstroke. p is a revolving contact-piece on an insulating-ring 0 on the engine-shaft, and qis a stationary contact-spring by which the igniting-circuit is closed once in every revolution, which spring is connected by a lever to the sleeve of the governor r. On the engine running too fast the governor-will raise q, so thatit cannot make contact with 10, and consequently there will be no electrlc spark in the tube Z at the time when the charge in the cylinder has been compressed. Consequently the said charge will continue to be alternately expanded and compressed by the motion of .the piston until the speed of the engine has become sufficiently reduced to cause the governor to allowq to make contact with 10 again at the end of a compressingstroke, so that the charge will then be fired.

Having thus described the nature of my invention and the best meansI know for carrying the same into practical efifect, I claim 1. In a four-stroke-cycle gas or oil motor engine, the combination, with the dischargevalve of the engine, of a small cylinder and piston or other appliance communicating with the engine-cylinder by a passage which is opened at or near the working-pistons-outstroke, so that the small piston is moved outward by the pressure of the explosion-gases, and thereby opens the discharge-valve at the end of the working-outstroke, and a valvular appliance moving with the engine piston, which at the end of the instroke puts the said small cylinder in communication with the at-' mosphere or exhaust, so as to allow the discharge-valve to close, substantially as described.

2. In four-stroke-cycle gas or oil motor engines, the combination, with the dischargevalve f, of piston m, cylinder h, communicating with the engine-cylinder by passage 1',- passage 70, leading from cylinder to exhaust,

and recess 9 for putting passagesz' is in com-- munication with each otherat end of instroke, substantially as described.

3. In fourstroke-cycle gas and oil motor engines, the combination of discharge-valve f, piston m, cylinder h, communicating with the engine-cylinder by passage 1., passage 10,1eading from cylinder to exhaust, and recess 9 for putting passages Us in communication with each other at end of instroke, electrical ignitor Z, and circuit-closer q, operated by the governor to break the electric circuit when the engine runs too fast, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 9th day of May, A. D. 1890. v

NIOOLAUS AUGUST OTTO.

\Vitnesses:

PET. LANGEN, AUG. SPIEOKER.

IIO

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