US4061850A - Emulsion polymerization of chloroprene in the presence of a polysulfide modifier - Google Patents
Emulsion polymerization of chloroprene in the presence of a polysulfide modifier Download PDFInfo
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- US4061850A US4061850A US05/605,309 US60530975A US4061850A US 4061850 A US4061850 A US 4061850A US 60530975 A US60530975 A US 60530975A US 4061850 A US4061850 A US 4061850A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F36/14—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
- C08F36/16—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen containing halogen
- C08F36/18—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen containing halogen containing chlorine
Definitions
- 2,401,346 and 2,416,440 have examples of the polymerization of butadiene-1,3 and styrene with bis(isopropyl xanthogen) and cetyl mercaptan and bisisopropoxythione)cyano monosulfide with a mixture of mercaptans of about 18 carbon atoms.
- Chloroprene has been polymerized with dialkyl xanthogen disulfide compounds as modifiers as is illustrated by U.S. Pat. Nos.
- chloroprene is polymerized in the presence of compounds of the formula ##STR3## where X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R 1 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R 2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or is a radical the same as ##STR4## R 3 and R 4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or hydrogen with at least one of R 3 and R 4 not being hydrogen and n is 1 to 4.
- Compounds of this type may be formed, e.g., as disclosed in Twiss, W. D. JACS 49, Feb. 1927, p. 491-494. For convenience these compounds will be referred to as the sulfur modifiers in this application.
- polymers of chloroprene, 2-chloro-1,3 butadiene are polymerized using the sulfur modifiers as a polymerization modifier.
- the term "polymers of chloroprene” encompasses polymers in which chloroprene is the major or predominant monomer. Comonomers may also be employed such as 2,3-dichloro-1, 3-butadiene; acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and so forth.
- the total amount of comonomers will represent no greater than 25 mol percent of the total monomers and preferably will constitute less than 15 mol percent of the total monomers including chloroprene.
- emulsifiers may be employed such as the salts of rosins and rosin derivatives such as wood rosin, disproportionated rosin or hydrogenated rosin; ammonium, sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids; nonionic surface active agents such as the ethylene oxide or propylene oxide condensation products of compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms. Additional emulsifying agents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,264,173.
- rosin or rosinates include the various commercial rosins, the dehydrogenated rosins and disproportionated rosins and salts thereof.
- Rosin base emulsifiers are well known to the art.
- a particularly preferred rosin emulsifier is a disproportionated wood rosin, purified by distillation (sold by the Hercules Powder Company as Resin 731-S).
- the pH of the aqueous emulsion for polymerization may be varied depending upon the particular emulsification system employed and can be acidic, neutral or alkaline; however, it is preferred to have a pH in the range of about 7 to 13.5.
- catalysts for chloroprene polymerization may be employed and preferred catalysts are peroxide catalysts of the organic or inorganic type.
- organic peroxides are benzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tertiary-butyl isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, azo catalysts such as alpha-alpha' -azo-bis-isobutyronitrile and the like.
- Suitable inorganic peroxides are such as inorganic per acids including per sulfates, perborates or percarbonates, e.g., ammonium or potassium per sulfate and hydrogen peroxide.
- the catalyst may be used in amounts required to bring about polymerization at any desired rate with suitable ranges being from 0.001 to 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts of polymerizable monomer.
- the usual methods may be employed to prepare an aqueous emulsion of the monomeric material and emulsifying agent and water.
- the proportions are not critical but generally the monomer will be present in an amount such as from 30 to 60 percent by weight on the total weight of the composition.
- the sulfur modifier may be fed during polymerization.
- the only requirement is that the sulfur modifier be present for polymerization modification.
- the amount of sulfur modifier is not critical certain proportions have been discovered to give superior results and within the range if from about 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of the sulfur modifier per 100 parts of polymerizable monomers are usually employed with a preferred range being from about 0.2 to 1.5 parts per 100 parts of monomer.
- modifiers or other agents may be present in the emulsion.
- the polymerization may be carried out in the presence of sulfur to produce a sulfur modified polychloroprene.
- chain transfer agents may be employed such as the alkyl mercaptans, e.g., dodecyl mercaptan, iodoform and benzyl iodide.
- the modifier may consist essentially of the sulfur modifiers of this invention. At any rate preferably the modifiers will be predominately by weight of the sulfur modifier compounds of this invention.
- the polymerization would be conducted in an oxygen free or substantially oxygen free atmosphere such as use of an inert gas. However, in some processes a controlled amount of oxygen is employed.
- the degree of polymerization and characteristics of the polymer can be controlled as is known in the art.
- the production of either benzene soluble or benzene insoluble polymers is within the scope of this invention. Suitable ranges for the percent of monomer conversion are such as between 60 and 90 percent conversion.
- the products can be employed to produce easy processing blends such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,827 with the modifiers of this invention being used in preparation of either the sol or gel polymers or both but preferably in the preparation of the sol portion of the blend. If the sols are so modified with the sulfur modifiers a preferred range of modifier is from .10 to 3 weight parts per 100 parts of total monomer.
- the temperature of polymerization may be varied depending upon the particular type of polymer being employed with suitable ranges being from 0° to 90° C. with the preferred range being between 15° and 55° C.
- the polymerization may be short stopped by the addition of agents such as paratertiary-butyl catechol and thiodiphenylamine.
- the process of polymerization may be either continuous or may be conducted in batch.
- Examples of compounds which are useful as modifier according to this invention are di(O-ethyl thionothiolcarbonoxy) sulfide, di(O-ethyl thionothiolcarboxy) disulfide, isopropyl O-ethyl thionothiolcarbonoxy disulfide and so forth.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon radical of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or as defined above.
- the hydrocarbon radicals can be acyclic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or combinations thereof.
- the radicals can be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, 2-ethyl hexyl, cycloaliphatic radicals having 5 or 6 carbons, aryl radicals such as phenyl, alkaryl radicals such as methylphenyl, combinations thereof and so forth.
- the polychloroprenes produced utilizing the modifiers of this invention can be cured and compounded by a variety of agents and means.
- the processing and compounding of polychloroprenes is discussed in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 3, p. 724-730 (Interscience 1965) and J. C. Carl, Neoprene Latex, 1962, which references are incorporated by reference.
- Accelerators may be such as thioreas, amines, guanidine, thiazole, thiuram sulfides, thiocarbonates, organic acids, sulfur and the like.
- chloroprene polymers produced with the modifiers of this invention have excellent properties including high tensile strength and modulus properties.
- the polymers also have excellent aging stability and can exhibit excellent characteristics as measured by die swell, easy processing, controllable Mooney Viscosities, cure rate, elongation, crystallization rate, oil resistance and the like.
- the polymers can be used for a variety of applications either as a latex or as a recovered polymer including such applications as for dipped goods, adhesives, coatings, non-woven fabrics, bonded fibers, treated paper, sealants, foam, thread, carpet backing, hoses, gaskets, elasticized concrete and other known uses of polychloroprenes.
- the sulfur modifiers of this invention can be substituted in equal weights for the xanthogen disulfide modifiers in the processes and products as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,567,117; 3,190,865; 3,300,433; 3,317,451; 3,392,134; 3,397,173; 3,444,152; 3,472,828; 3,507,825; 3,655,827; 3,686,156; Ger. Offen. No. 2,150,156 (U.S. application Ser. No. 78,932 filed Oct. 7, 1970) which references are herein incorporated by reference.
- the polymerizations are run in a 5 liter glass autoclave equipped with a paddle agitator.
- the charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 2000 grams.
- a catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
- the polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C. At 69 percent conversion the reaction is short-stopped with an emulsion containing 0.02 parts 4-t-butyl catechol, 0.02 parts pheno-thiazine, 0.8 parts chloroprene, 0.02 parts sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and 0.8 parts deionized water.
- the latex is steam stripped of unreacted monomer and the resulting latex mixture is acidified to a pH of 6.3 using a 10% acetic acid solution and isolated by freeze roll.
- Example 1 is a comparative example utilizing n-dodecyl mercaptan as the modifier.
- Example is a comparative example utilizing diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide as the modifier.
- Examples 3 and 4 illustrate the present invention.
- Examples 3 and 4 illustrate that the modifiers of this invention give higher modulus and tensile strength as compared to polymers produced with mercaptans or dialkyl xanthogen disulfides.
- Example 1 The apparatus and procedure of Example 1 is used with the noted changes.
- the modifier is n-propyl(o-ethyl dithiocarbonoxy) sulfide.
- the charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 2000 grams.
- a catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
- the polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C and is short stopped and recovered as in Example 1.
- the recovered polymer is loaded with carbon black and cured with ethylene thiourea to give a high tensile strength product.
- Example 1 The apparatus and procedure of Example 1 is used with the noted changes.
- the modifier is di-(N,N-diethyl dithiocarbamyl)-disulfide.
- the charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 1000 grams.
- a catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
- the polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C and is short stopped and recovered as in Example 1.
- the polymer produced is compounded in a gum stock formulation with an ethylenethiourea cure system to produce a high tensile strength material.
- Example 3 The procedure of Example 3 is repeated with the substitution of the indicated modifier for the modifier of Example 3 on an equal molar weight.
- Example 1 the procedure and apparatus of Example 1 is utilized with the noted exceptions.
- the modifier is di-(O-ispropyl dithiocarbonoxy)-sulfide.
- the charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 2000 grams.
- a catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
- the polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C. At 69 percent conversion the reaction is short-stopped and recovered as in Example 1. The recovered polymer is cured with ethylene thiourea to give the results in the Table.
- One of the advantages of this modifier is that it produces a polymer having unexpectedly high Mooney scorch time as compared to closely related materials.
- the compounds of the examples are only illustrative of the invention.
- the R groups of the structural formulas listed in the specification may be substituted with non-hydrocarbon radicals which do not interfere with the modification process.
- radicals such as halogen, hydroxyl and/or nitrate groups may be present.
- the hydrocarbon compounds are preferred.
- Particularly preferred are compounds where R is isopropyl such as di-(O-isopropyl dithiocarbonoxy)-sulfide.
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Abstract
Chloroprene is polymerized in the presence of compounds of the formula <IMAGE> where X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R1 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or is a radical the same as <IMAGE> R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or hydrogen with at least one of R3 and R4 not being hydrogen and n is 1 to 4.
Description
This application is a division of Ser. No. 541,237, filed Jan. 15, 1975, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,763 which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 289,521, filed Sept. 15, 1972, now abandoned.
It has been known to polymerize chloroprene in the presence of sulfur compounds as polymerization modifiers. Mercaptan compounds have been extensively employed as polymerization modifiers. Early patents for the polymerization of hydrocarbon derivatives and copolymers such as the polymerization of butadiene with styrene suggested that sulfur compounds could be employed with the invention being that a combination of a mercaptan and a xanthogen compound is used. For example U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,401,346 and 2,416,440 have examples of the polymerization of butadiene-1,3 and styrene with bis(isopropyl xanthogen) and cetyl mercaptan and bisisopropoxythione)cyano monosulfide with a mixture of mercaptans of about 18 carbon atoms. Chloroprene has been polymerized with dialkyl xanthogen disulfide compounds as modifiers as is illustrated by U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,321,693; 2,567,117; 3,190,865; 3,300,433; 3,317,451; 3,392,134; 3,397,173; 3,444,153; 3,472,828; 3,507,825 and 3,655,827 and British Pat. Nos. 858,444; 905,971 and 952,156.
According to this invention chloroprene is polymerized in the presence of compounds of the formula ##STR3## where X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R1 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or is a radical the same as ##STR4## R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or hydrogen with at least one of R3 and R4 not being hydrogen and n is 1 to 4. Compounds of this type may be formed, e.g., as disclosed in Twiss, W. D. JACS 49, Feb. 1927, p. 491-494. For convenience these compounds will be referred to as the sulfur modifiers in this application.
According to this invention polymers of chloroprene, 2-chloro-1,3 butadiene, are polymerized using the sulfur modifiers as a polymerization modifier. The term "polymers of chloroprene" encompasses polymers in which chloroprene is the major or predominant monomer. Comonomers may also be employed such as 2,3-dichloro-1, 3-butadiene; acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and so forth. Usually, the total amount of comonomers will represent no greater than 25 mol percent of the total monomers and preferably will constitute less than 15 mol percent of the total monomers including chloroprene. The polymerization of chloroprene in aqueous emulsion is well known and any such system which does not interfere with the novel characteristics of this invention can be employed. Processes and methods for the polymerization and recovery of chloroprene are disclosed, for example, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 3, page 705-730 (Interscience, 1965) and in numerous patents such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,264,173 and 2,264,191 both issued on Nov. 25, 1941. The polymerization may be conducted either batch or continuously.
Conventional emulsifiers may be employed such as the salts of rosins and rosin derivatives such as wood rosin, disproportionated rosin or hydrogenated rosin; ammonium, sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids; nonionic surface active agents such as the ethylene oxide or propylene oxide condensation products of compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms. Additional emulsifying agents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,264,173. In this specification rosin or rosinates include the various commercial rosins, the dehydrogenated rosins and disproportionated rosins and salts thereof. Rosin base emulsifiers are well known to the art. A particularly preferred rosin emulsifier is a disproportionated wood rosin, purified by distillation (sold by the Hercules Powder Company as Resin 731-S).
The pH of the aqueous emulsion for polymerization may be varied depending upon the particular emulsification system employed and can be acidic, neutral or alkaline; however, it is preferred to have a pH in the range of about 7 to 13.5.
Conventional catalysts for chloroprene polymerization may be employed and preferred catalysts are peroxide catalysts of the organic or inorganic type. Examples of organic peroxides are benzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tertiary-butyl isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, azo catalysts such as alpha-alpha' -azo-bis-isobutyronitrile and the like. Suitable inorganic peroxides are such as inorganic per acids including per sulfates, perborates or percarbonates, e.g., ammonium or potassium per sulfate and hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst may be used in amounts required to bring about polymerization at any desired rate with suitable ranges being from 0.001 to 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts of polymerizable monomer.
The usual methods may be employed to prepare an aqueous emulsion of the monomeric material and emulsifying agent and water. The proportions are not critical but generally the monomer will be present in an amount such as from 30 to 60 percent by weight on the total weight of the composition.
The sulfur modifier may be fed during polymerization. The only requirement is that the sulfur modifier be present for polymerization modification. However, it is usually preferred to add at least the predominant portion of the sulfur modifier to the initial polymerization charge. Although the amount of sulfur modifier is not critical certain proportions have been discovered to give superior results and within the range if from about 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of the sulfur modifier per 100 parts of polymerizable monomers are usually employed with a preferred range being from about 0.2 to 1.5 parts per 100 parts of monomer.
Other modifiers or other agents may be present in the emulsion. For instance, the polymerization may be carried out in the presence of sulfur to produce a sulfur modified polychloroprene. Also, chain transfer agents may be employed such as the alkyl mercaptans, e.g., dodecyl mercaptan, iodoform and benzyl iodide. However, compounds which will interfere with the proper functioning of the sulfur modifier should be avoided and thus the modifier may consist essentially of the sulfur modifiers of this invention. At any rate preferably the modifiers will be predominately by weight of the sulfur modifier compounds of this invention.
Normally, the polymerization would be conducted in an oxygen free or substantially oxygen free atmosphere such as use of an inert gas. However, in some processes a controlled amount of oxygen is employed.
The degree of polymerization and characteristics of the polymer can be controlled as is known in the art. The production of either benzene soluble or benzene insoluble polymers is within the scope of this invention. Suitable ranges for the percent of monomer conversion are such as between 60 and 90 percent conversion. The products can be employed to produce easy processing blends such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,827 with the modifiers of this invention being used in preparation of either the sol or gel polymers or both but preferably in the preparation of the sol portion of the blend. If the sols are so modified with the sulfur modifiers a preferred range of modifier is from .10 to 3 weight parts per 100 parts of total monomer.
The temperature of polymerization may be varied depending upon the particular type of polymer being employed with suitable ranges being from 0° to 90° C. with the preferred range being between 15° and 55° C. The polymerization may be short stopped by the addition of agents such as paratertiary-butyl catechol and thiodiphenylamine. The process of polymerization may be either continuous or may be conducted in batch.
Examples of compounds which are useful as modifier according to this invention are di(O-ethyl thionothiolcarbonoxy) sulfide, di(O-ethyl thionothiolcarboxy) disulfide, isopropyl O-ethyl thionothiolcarbonoxy disulfide and so forth. In the compounds of the formula ##STR5## R1 is a hydrocarbon radical of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R2, R3 and R4 can be hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or as defined above. The hydrocarbon radicals can be acyclic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or combinations thereof. For example, the radicals can be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, 2-ethyl hexyl, cycloaliphatic radicals having 5 or 6 carbons, aryl radicals such as phenyl, alkaryl radicals such as methylphenyl, combinations thereof and so forth.
The polychloroprenes produced utilizing the modifiers of this invention can be cured and compounded by a variety of agents and means. The processing and compounding of polychloroprenes is discussed in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 3, p. 724-730 (Interscience 1965) and J. C. Carl, Neoprene Latex, 1962, which references are incorporated by reference. Accelerators may be such as thioreas, amines, guanidine, thiazole, thiuram sulfides, thiocarbonates, organic acids, sulfur and the like.
It has been discovered that chloroprene polymers produced with the modifiers of this invention have excellent properties including high tensile strength and modulus properties. The polymers also have excellent aging stability and can exhibit excellent characteristics as measured by die swell, easy processing, controllable Mooney Viscosities, cure rate, elongation, crystallization rate, oil resistance and the like. The polymers can be used for a variety of applications either as a latex or as a recovered polymer including such applications as for dipped goods, adhesives, coatings, non-woven fabrics, bonded fibers, treated paper, sealants, foam, thread, carpet backing, hoses, gaskets, elasticized concrete and other known uses of polychloroprenes.
The sulfur modifiers of this invention can be substituted in equal weights for the xanthogen disulfide modifiers in the processes and products as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,567,117; 3,190,865; 3,300,433; 3,317,451; 3,392,134; 3,397,173; 3,444,152; 3,472,828; 3,507,825; 3,655,827; 3,686,156; Ger. Offen. No. 2,150,156 (U.S. application Ser. No. 78,932 filed Oct. 7, 1970) which references are herein incorporated by reference.
In the Examples all parts are by weight unless expressed otherwise. These examples are only illustrative of the invention.
The polymerizations are run in a 5 liter glass autoclave equipped with a paddle agitator. The charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 2000 grams.
______________________________________
Conc. in
Polymerization Charge Parts by Weight
______________________________________
Chloroprene 100
2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol
0.1
Resin-731S* 3.047
Deionized Water 100
Sodium hydroxide (100 percent)
0.54
Modifier As indicated
Sodium Sulfite 0.30
Sodium Salt of Sulfated Oleic Acid
0.75
Initial Catalyst
Potassium Persulfate 0.35
Silver Salt 0.07
Deionized Water 99.6
______________________________________
*A disproportionated wood rosin, purified by distillation and sold by
Hercules Powder Co.
A catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
The polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C. At 69 percent conversion the reaction is short-stopped with an emulsion containing 0.02 parts 4-t-butyl catechol, 0.02 parts pheno-thiazine, 0.8 parts chloroprene, 0.02 parts sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and 0.8 parts deionized water. The latex is steam stripped of unreacted monomer and the resulting latex mixture is acidified to a pH of 6.3 using a 10% acetic acid solution and isolated by freeze roll.
Example 1 is a comparative example utilizing n-dodecyl mercaptan as the modifier. Example is a comparative example utilizing diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide as the modifier. Examples 3 and 4 illustrate the present invention.
______________________________________
Example
Modifier Raw Mooney
______________________________________
(ML1+21/2)
2 n-Dodecyl mercaptan 50.5/47
Diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide
55.5/51
______________________________________
3 Di-(O-ethyl dithiocarbonoxy) sulfide
54.5/50
4 Di-(O-ethyl dithiocarbonoxy) disulfide
5.5/51
______________________________________
Samples of the isolated polymers are compounded using the following recipe:
______________________________________
Components Parts by Weight
______________________________________
Polymer 100
Stearic Acid 0.5
Magnesium Oxide 4
Zinc Oxide 5
Phenyl-α-Naphthylamine
2
GPF Carbon Black 29
Accelerator 2.5 of TA11 or CRA
as indicated
______________________________________
.sup.1 The modifier levels are varied to produce polymer with comparable
Mooney values.
Samples are cured for 20 minutes at 307° F and give the following properties:
______________________________________
Modulus at % tensile
Accel- elongation, psi
strength,
Elongation
Example
erator 200 300 400 psi %
______________________________________
1 CRA.sup.2
1120 2200 3060 3140 410
2 CRA 1320 2440 -- 3230 390
3 CRA 1400 2580 -- 3300 380
4 CRA 1430 2630 -- 3340 380
1 TA-11.sup.3
750 1380 1930 3170 640
2 TA-11 950 1770 2600 3430 550
3 TA-11 1230 2210 3060 3530 470
4 TA-11 1180 2190 3070 3470 470
______________________________________
.sup.2 CRA is ethylene thiourea which is Pennac CRA produced by Penwalt
Corp.
.sup.3 TA-11 is a treated amine accelerator produced by E. I. Du Pont.
Examples 3 and 4 illustrate that the modifiers of this invention give higher modulus and tensile strength as compared to polymers produced with mercaptans or dialkyl xanthogen disulfides.
The apparatus and procedure of Example 1 is used with the noted changes. The modifier is n-propyl(o-ethyl dithiocarbonoxy) sulfide. The charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 2000 grams.
______________________________________
Conc. in
Polymerization Charge Parts by Weight
______________________________________
Chloroprene 100.0
2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol
0.1
Resin-731S* 3.047
Deionized Water 100.0
Sodium hydroxide (100 percent)
0.57
Modifier 2.0
Sodium Sulfite 0.30
Sodium Salt of Condensate of formaldehyde
and Naphthalenesulfonic Acid (Lomar PW)
0.7
Initial Catalyst
Potassium Persulfate 4.500
Silver Salt 0.115
Deionized Water 95.4
______________________________________
A catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
The polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C and is short stopped and recovered as in Example 1.
The recovered polymer is loaded with carbon black and cured with ethylene thiourea to give a high tensile strength product.
The apparatus and procedure of Example 1 is used with the noted changes. The modifier is di-(N,N-diethyl dithiocarbamyl)-disulfide. The charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 1000 grams.
______________________________________
Conc. in
Polymerization Charge Parts by Weight
______________________________________
Chloroprene 100.0
2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol
0.1
Resin-731S* 3.047
Deionized Water 100.0
Sodium hydroxide (100 percent)
0.57
Modifier 1.0
Sodium Sulfite 0.30
Lomar PW 0.70
Initial Catalyst
Potassium Persulfate 4.500
Silver Salt .115
Deionized Water 95.4
______________________________________
A catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
The polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C and is short stopped and recovered as in Example 1.
The polymer produced is compounded in a gum stock formulation with an ethylenethiourea cure system to produce a high tensile strength material.
The procedure of Example 3 is repeated with the substitution of the indicated modifier for the modifier of Example 3 on an equal molar weight.
______________________________________
Example
Modifier
______________________________________
##STR6##
8
##STR7##
9
##STR8##
10
##STR9##
11
##STR10##
12
##STR11##
13
##STR12##
______________________________________
the procedure and apparatus of Example 1 is utilized with the noted exceptions. The modifier is di-(O-ispropyl dithiocarbonoxy)-sulfide. The charge is based on 100 parts of chloroprene which is 2000 grams.
______________________________________
Conc. in
Polymerization Charge Parts by Weight
______________________________________
Chloroprene 100
2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol
0.1
Resin-731S 3.047
Deionized Water 100
Sodium hydroxide (100 percent)
0.57
Modifier 0.76
Sodium Sulfite 0.30
Lomar PW 0.7
Initial Catalyst
Potassium Persulfate 0.35
Silver Salt 0.07
Deionized Water 99.6
______________________________________
A catalyst solution of the same composition as the initial catalyst is pumped as required to maintain the polymerization rate.
The polymerization is carried out under a nitrogen blanket at a temperature of 40° C. At 69 percent conversion the reaction is short-stopped and recovered as in Example 1. The recovered polymer is cured with ethylene thiourea to give the results in the Table. One of the advantages of this modifier is that it produces a polymer having unexpectedly high Mooney scorch time as compared to closely related materials.
TABLE
__________________________________________________________________________
Monsanto Rheometer
Raw Aged Mooney Tensile
% Minimum Torque at
Opti-
Opti-
Mooney Mooney
Scorch
Shore A
Modulus, psi
Strength
Elongation
Torque
Scorch
30 minutes
mum mum
ML 21/2 + 4
3 Day
minutes
HaRDNESS
200%
300%
psi gation
inch lbs.
minutes
(T.sub.30 ) inch
Torque
Time
__________________________________________________________________________
40.5/37.0
40.5/38.0
11.0 60.5 1300
2470
3300 385 12.5 2.0 53.1 49.0
17.7
__________________________________________________________________________
The compounds of the examples are only illustrative of the invention. The R groups of the structural formulas listed in the specification may be substituted with non-hydrocarbon radicals which do not interfere with the modification process. For example, in some instances radicals such as halogen, hydroxyl and/or nitrate groups may be present. However, the hydrocarbon compounds are preferred. Also preferred are the compounds of the formula ##STR13## wherein m is 1 to 4, R1 and R2 are independently selected hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly preferred compounds are those of the formula ##STR14## wherein n is 3 or 4, R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon radicals, but the two R groups do not necessarily have to be the same. Particularly preferred are compounds where R is isopropyl such as di-(O-isopropyl dithiocarbonoxy)-sulfide.
Claims (4)
1. A process for the emulsion polymerization of chloroprene which comprises polymerizing polymerizable monomer, consisting essentially of chloroprene and less than 15 mol percent of a comonomer, in the presence of from about 0.05 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts of polymerizable monomer of a modifier having the formula ##STR15## and mixtures thereof wherein R2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or is a radical the same as ##STR16## R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 8 carbons or hydrogen with at least one of R3 and R4 not being hydrogen, X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R1 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is 1 to 4.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the said modifier has a formula ##STR17## wherein R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrocarbon radicals having from one to 4 carbon atoms and at least one of the R3 and R4 radicals on each nitrogen is one of the said hydrocarbon radicals.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein when R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
4. The process according to claim 2 wherein R3 and R4 are ethyl.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US541237A US3923763A (en) | 1972-09-15 | 1975-01-15 | Novel sulfur compound modifiers for chloroprene polymerization |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US541237A Division US3923763A (en) | 1972-09-15 | 1975-01-15 | Novel sulfur compound modifiers for chloroprene polymerization |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4061850A true US4061850A (en) | 1977-12-06 |
Family
ID=24158746
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/605,309 Expired - Lifetime US4061850A (en) | 1975-01-15 | 1975-08-18 | Emulsion polymerization of chloroprene in the presence of a polysulfide modifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4061850A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2537978A1 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1984-06-22 | Bayer Ag | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYCHLOROPRENE |
| EP0146131A3 (en) * | 1983-12-15 | 1985-07-31 | Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Process for producing a chloroprene polymer |
| US4954585A (en) * | 1988-01-08 | 1990-09-04 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of sulfur-modified polychloroprene |
| CN104797606A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-07-22 | 东曹株式会社 | Xanthogen-modified chloroprene rubber and production method therefor |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1950439A (en) * | 1931-05-06 | 1934-03-13 | Du Pont | Halogenated butadiene polymer and process for producing same |
| US2264173A (en) * | 1938-04-26 | 1941-11-25 | Du Pont | Emulsion polymerization of chloro-2-butadiene-1, 3 in the presence of sulphur |
| US2396997A (en) * | 1942-11-11 | 1946-03-19 | Goodrich Co B F | Polymerization of unsaturated organic compounds in the presence of sulphur-containing modifiers of polymerization |
| US3190865A (en) * | 1961-11-02 | 1965-06-22 | Du Pont | Chloroprene polymerization process |
-
1975
- 1975-08-18 US US05/605,309 patent/US4061850A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1950439A (en) * | 1931-05-06 | 1934-03-13 | Du Pont | Halogenated butadiene polymer and process for producing same |
| US2264173A (en) * | 1938-04-26 | 1941-11-25 | Du Pont | Emulsion polymerization of chloro-2-butadiene-1, 3 in the presence of sulphur |
| US2396997A (en) * | 1942-11-11 | 1946-03-19 | Goodrich Co B F | Polymerization of unsaturated organic compounds in the presence of sulphur-containing modifiers of polymerization |
| US3190865A (en) * | 1961-11-02 | 1965-06-22 | Du Pont | Chloroprene polymerization process |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2537978A1 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1984-06-22 | Bayer Ag | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYCHLOROPRENE |
| EP0146131A3 (en) * | 1983-12-15 | 1985-07-31 | Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Process for producing a chloroprene polymer |
| US4954585A (en) * | 1988-01-08 | 1990-09-04 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of sulfur-modified polychloroprene |
| CN104797606A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-07-22 | 东曹株式会社 | Xanthogen-modified chloroprene rubber and production method therefor |
| EP2921505A4 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2016-06-22 | Tosoh Corp | XANTHOGEN-MODIFIED CHLOROPRENE RUBBER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
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