US3823013A - Flux composition for zinc base alloys - Google Patents
Flux composition for zinc base alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3823013A US3823013A US00048723A US4872370A US3823013A US 3823013 A US3823013 A US 3823013A US 00048723 A US00048723 A US 00048723A US 4872370 A US4872370 A US 4872370A US 3823013 A US3823013 A US 3823013A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- flux
- flux composition
- essentially
- weight percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title abstract description 39
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 36
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 18
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020361 KCl—LiCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
Definitions
- the present invention comprises an improved non-fuming, low melting flux composition for use in melting zinc and zinc base alloysconsisting essentially of from about 48 to about 60 weight percent potassium chloride, the balance being essentially lithium chloride.
- Conventional fluxes for melting zinc and zinc base alloys usually contain zinc chloride (ZnCl ammonium chloride (NH Cl) or the double salt-zinc ammonium chloride.
- ZnCl ammonium chloride NH Cl
- the zinc melt contains reactive alloying elements such as, e.g., lithium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum
- reactive alloying elements such as, e.g., lithium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum
- such conventional fluxes are generally unsuitable because the reactive elements oxidize out of the zinc melt through reaction with the ZnCl or NH CI of the flux.
- a ZnCl flux could not be used in melting the ASTM designated AC41A zinc base alloy containing 4 percent aluminum, 1 percent copper, and 0.04 percent magnesium, the balance being essentially zinc, because the ZnCl would remove at least a portion of the magnesium from the melt to form magnesium chloride (MgCl thereby tending to dilute the alloy with respect to its reactive alloying constituents.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a low melting, non-fuming flux composition which is suitable for melting zinc and zinc base alloy containing reactive alloying elements.
- a further object is to provide a low melting, non-fuming flux composition of potassium chloride and lithium chloride.
- a novel flux composition consisting essentially by weight of from about 48 to about 60 percent potassium chloride, the balance being essentially lithium chloride, the flux being characterized as low melting and essentially non-fuming.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a flux composition consisting essentially of about 57 weight percent potassium chloride, the balance being essentially lithium chloride.
- flux compositions within the present invention are particularly useful in melting zinc and zinc alloys having, e.g., magnesium, calcium, lithium or aluminum alloying substituents the flux composition can be used essentially in any operation where any molten zinc alloy is subject to oxidation.
- the fiux composition of the present invention employs the advantage of liquidus temperature below about 419 C., the liquidus temperature of zinc. This permits the flux composition to melt and cover the zinc or zinc base alloy before the metal has liquified thereby reducing the opportunity for oxidation. Furthermore, since the oxide formed on the surface of an unprotected molten zinc alloy melt is soluble in the flux composition of the present invention, the present KCl-LiCl flux composition not only prevents further oxidation but also removes any oxide formed prior to the application of the flux. Accordingly, not only does the present flux composition avoid dilution of the alloy in a method of melting, but it also avoids oxide formations on the melt during the melting opera- 7 tion.
- EXAMPLE 1 A flux composed of about 57 Weight percent KCl and about 43 weight percent LiCl was prepared and applied to a melt of an alloy having a nominal composition of about 4 Weight percent aluminum, about 0.04 weight percent magnesium, the balance being essentially zinc. The alloy was melted in a carbon graphite crucible and covered with enough flux to provide a layer about inch thick on the surface of the metal. The metal was further heated to about 815 C. There was no evidence of oxidation of the melt or vaporization of the melt or of the flux composition even though this temperature is close to the boiling point of zinc (907 C.).
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a zinc 'melt having a nominal composition of about 0.25 weight percent aluminum, about 0.45 weight percent lithium, the balance being essentially zinc. Again there was no evidence of oxidation of the melt or vaporization of the melt or of flux composition.
- a flux composed of about 50 weight percent KCl and about 50 weight percent LiCl may be prepared and ap plied to a Zinc melt having a nominal composition of about 4 weight percent aluminum, about 0.04 weight percent magnesium, the balance being essentially zinc.
- the melt may be further heated to about 800 C. If such procedure is carried out, there would be no evidence of oxidation of the melt or vaporization of the melt or of the flux composition.
- a method of avoiding dilution of alloying constituents in melting a zinc base alloy containing reactive alloying constituents selected from the group consisting of calcium, lithium, magnesium, or aluminum comprising: providing a flux composition consisting essentially of from about 48 to about 60 weight percent potassium chloride, the balance of the composition being essentially lithium chloride, and melting said zinc base alloy under an essentially continuous layer of said flux composition, thereby avoiding detrimental loss of said reactive alloy constituents during melting of the zinc base alloy.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
THE PRESENT INVENTION COMPRISES AN IMPROVED NON-FUMING, LOW MELTING FLUX COMPOSITION FOR USE IN MELTING ZINCC AND ZINC BASE ALLOYS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FROM ABOUT 48 TO ABOUT 60 WEIGHT PERCENT POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, THE BALANCE BEING ESSENTIALLY LITHIUM CHLORIDE.
Description
"United States Patent O 3,823,013 Patented July 9, 1974 US. Cl. 7565 R Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention comprises an improved non-fuming, low melting flux composition for use in melting zinc and zinc base alloysconsisting essentially of from about 48 to about 60 weight percent potassium chloride, the balance being essentially lithium chloride.
This application is a division of Ser. No. 669,680, filed Sept. 22, 1967, and now abandoned.
Conventional fluxes for melting zinc and zinc base alloys usually contain zinc chloride (ZnCl ammonium chloride (NH Cl) or the double salt-zinc ammonium chloride. However, when the zinc melt contains reactive alloying elements such as, e.g., lithium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum, such conventional fluxes are generally unsuitable because the reactive elements oxidize out of the zinc melt through reaction with the ZnCl or NH CI of the flux. For example, a ZnCl flux could not be used in melting the ASTM designated AC41A zinc base alloy containing 4 percent aluminum, 1 percent copper, and 0.04 percent magnesium, the balance being essentially zinc, because the ZnCl would remove at least a portion of the magnesium from the melt to form magnesium chloride (MgCl thereby tending to dilute the alloy with respect to its reactive alloying constituents.
Furthermore, conventional fluxes have a tendency to fume or vaporize when added to molten zinc and zinc alloys. This is particularly so with respect to a flux containing NH Cl which sublimes at about 335 C. Accordingly, it would be very desirable to obtain a flux composition suitable for melting zinc and zinc alloys containing magnesium, calcium, lithium, and aluminum which melts below the liquidus temperature of zinc (about 419 C.) but does not vaporize like the conventional flux composition. 1
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a low melting, non-fuming flux composition which is suitable for melting zinc and zinc base alloy containing reactive alloying elements.
A further object is to provide a low melting, non-fuming flux composition of potassium chloride and lithium chloride.
In accordance with the present invention the above and other objects and advantages are obtained in a novel flux composition consisting essentially by weight of from about 48 to about 60 percent potassium chloride, the balance being essentially lithium chloride, the flux being characterized as low melting and essentially non-fuming.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a flux composition consisting essentially of about 57 weight percent potassium chloride, the balance being essentially lithium chloride.
'While flux compositions within the present invention are particularly useful in melting zinc and zinc alloys having, e.g., magnesium, calcium, lithium or aluminum alloying substituents the flux composition can be used essentially in any operation where any molten zinc alloy is subject to oxidation.
The fiux composition of the present invention employs the advantage of liquidus temperature below about 419 C., the liquidus temperature of zinc. This permits the flux composition to melt and cover the zinc or zinc base alloy before the metal has liquified thereby reducing the opportunity for oxidation. Furthermore, since the oxide formed on the surface of an unprotected molten zinc alloy melt is soluble in the flux composition of the present invention, the present KCl-LiCl flux composition not only prevents further oxidation but also removes any oxide formed prior to the application of the flux. Accordingly, not only does the present flux composition avoid dilution of the alloy in a method of melting, but it also avoids oxide formations on the melt during the melting opera- 7 tion.
In preparing the flux compositions of the present invention, conventional fusing and grinding techniques, as practiced by those skilled in the art of flux preparation, may be employed, using commercially available compound constituents containing the normal amounts and types of impurities.
The following examples are representative of the novel flux compositions of the present invention and their use and are not intended to be construed as limiting the invention thereto.
EXAMPLE 1 A flux composed of about 57 Weight percent KCl and about 43 weight percent LiCl was prepared and applied to a melt of an alloy having a nominal composition of about 4 Weight percent aluminum, about 0.04 weight percent magnesium, the balance being essentially zinc. The alloy was melted in a carbon graphite crucible and covered with enough flux to provide a layer about inch thick on the surface of the metal. The metal was further heated to about 815 C. There was no evidence of oxidation of the melt or vaporization of the melt or of the flux composition even though this temperature is close to the boiling point of zinc (907 C.).
EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a zinc 'melt having a nominal composition of about 0.25 weight percent aluminum, about 0.45 weight percent lithium, the balance being essentially zinc. Again there was no evidence of oxidation of the melt or vaporization of the melt or of flux composition.
EXAMPLE 3 A flux composed of about 50 weight percent KCl and about 50 weight percent LiCl may be prepared and ap plied to a Zinc melt having a nominal composition of about 4 weight percent aluminum, about 0.04 weight percent magnesium, the balance being essentially zinc. The melt may be further heated to about 800 C. If such procedure is carried out, there would be no evidence of oxidation of the melt or vaporization of the melt or of the flux composition.
The present invention may be modified or changed without departing from the spirit or scope thereof and it is understood that the invention is only limited as defined in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A method of avoiding dilution of alloying constituents in melting a zinc base alloy containing reactive alloying constituents selected from the group consisting of calcium, lithium, magnesium, or aluminum, comprising: providing a flux composition consisting essentially of from about 48 to about 60 weight percent potassium chloride, the balance of the composition being essentially lithium chloride, and melting said zinc base alloy under an essentially continuous layer of said flux composition, thereby avoiding detrimental loss of said reactive alloy constituents during melting of the zinc base alloy.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the flux consists essentially of about 57 weight percent potassium chloride and the balance being essentially lithium chloride.
3. The method of Claim 1 wherein the zinc base alloy contains at least about 95 weight percent zinc.
4. The method of Claim 2 wherein the zinc base alloy contains at least about 95 weight percent zinc.
5. The method of Claim 1 wherein the flux melts at a temperature below about the liquidus temperature of ZlIlC.
6. The method of Claim 3 wherein the flux melts at a temperature below about the liquidus temperature of Zinc.
7. The method of Claim 1 wherein the flux melts at a temperature below about 419 C.
8. The method of claim 3 wherein the flux melts at a temperature below about 419 C.
9. The method of Claim 8 wherein the zinc base alloy contains aluminum and magnesium.
10. The method of Claim 5 wherein the zinc base alloy contains aluminum and magnesium.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,254,993 6/1966 Urban 75-135 2,817,895 12/1957 Chill 14826 i 4 3,512,959 5/1970 Joseph -94 3,145,097 I 8/1964 Derham 75-86 2,844,462 7/ 1958 Wyatt 75-86 3,171,735 2/1965 Gray 75-88 2,131,549 9/1938 iBerlin 75-93 3,153,602 10/ 1964 Duckett 75-94 3,160,531 12/1964 Spindler 136-153 2,701,194 2/ 1955 Deterding 75-94 2,472,025 5/ 1949 Peake 75-94 2,507,346 5/1950 Miller 148-26 2,865,798 12/ 1958 Hindson 148-26 3,414,407 12/1968 Jager 75-141 2,550,709 5/1951 Moe 148-26 2,569,097 9/ 1951 Grange 148-26 2,604,394 7/1952 Emley 148-26 FOREIGN PATENTS 979,583 1/ 1965 United Kingdom 75-10 L. DEWAYNE RUTLEDGE, Primary Examiner P. D. ROSENBERG, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 75-86, 94
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00048723A US3823013A (en) | 1967-09-22 | 1970-05-14 | Flux composition for zinc base alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66968067A | 1967-09-22 | 1967-09-22 | |
| US00048723A US3823013A (en) | 1967-09-22 | 1970-05-14 | Flux composition for zinc base alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3823013A true US3823013A (en) | 1974-07-09 |
Family
ID=26726461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00048723A Expired - Lifetime US3823013A (en) | 1967-09-22 | 1970-05-14 | Flux composition for zinc base alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3823013A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2384853A1 (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1978-10-20 | Olin Corp | PROCESS FOR FUSION OF COPPER ALLOYS BY MEANS OF A PROTECTIVE LAYER OF MELTED SALTS |
| US5258055A (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1993-11-02 | International Mill Service, Inc. | Process and system for recovering zinc and other metal vapors from a gaseous stream |
-
1970
- 1970-05-14 US US00048723A patent/US3823013A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2384853A1 (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1978-10-20 | Olin Corp | PROCESS FOR FUSION OF COPPER ALLOYS BY MEANS OF A PROTECTIVE LAYER OF MELTED SALTS |
| US5258055A (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1993-11-02 | International Mill Service, Inc. | Process and system for recovering zinc and other metal vapors from a gaseous stream |
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