US3890583A - Flexible circular waveguide utilizing helical windings - Google Patents
Flexible circular waveguide utilizing helical windings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3890583A US3890583A US446040A US44604074A US3890583A US 3890583 A US3890583 A US 3890583A US 446040 A US446040 A US 446040A US 44604074 A US44604074 A US 44604074A US 3890583 A US3890583 A US 3890583A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wave guide
- wire
- guide according
- circular
- circular wave
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0838—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt
- B23K26/0846—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt for moving elongated workpieces longitudinally, e.g. wire or strip material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/14—Hollow waveguides flexible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making
Definitions
- a circular helical wave guide in which, with a view more particularly to preventing a turn of wire from [30] Forelgn Apphcatlon pr'onty Dam parting with the cylinder thus constituted, more par- Feb. 26. 1973 France 73.06734 ticularly in the case of bending of the guide, the said wire has a quadrangular cross-section, preferably with [52] US. Cl. 333/95 A; 29/600, oblique sides, That wire may also be cemented to the [51] Int. Cl.
- wire may also have their adjacent faces cemented t0- 88/131 29/600 gether.
- the wire may previously be pasted with a layer of polymer on its face on the external sideof the guide [56] References Cited and it may also be bi-metallic.
- the invention has for its object a wave guide which is not subject to the drawback that same turns of wire forming the wave guide are displaced towards the inside of the wave guide when it is bent.
- That wave guide is characterised in that the wires constituting the guide have a guadrangular crosssection, preferably with oblique sides; due to that arrangement, when the guide is bent, the sides of adjacent turns have a tendency to jam in relation to one another, this preventing the turns from coming out of the cylinder which they constitute.
- FIG. 1 is a part transversal cutaway view of a wave guide of known type
- FIG. 2 is a part cutaway view of a wave guide according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one variation of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is cross-sectional view illustrating another variation of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating yet another variation of the invention.
- a wave guide of known type consists of cylindrical wires such as 1 under an insulating sheath 2. It will be seen that, when the wave guide is bent, certain wires such as 3 may part from the cylinder on which the wires are wound.
- the present invention avoids the disadvantage of the prior art by forming the wave guide of a wire 4 having a quadrangular cross-section and oblique sides. Because of this geometry, when the wave guide is bent, the sides of adjacent turns have a tendency to jam in relation to one another.
- these wires may be covered with a suitable thin varnish, or be coated with, before their winding, with a layer of plastic material, such as a poly- .quently increases the coefficient of friction between" leri which makes them slightly rough and consetheir sides. 7 i-
- a" layer of cement is applied by any method between the v face of the conductor wires, on which the said insulat ing sheath should come and the internal face of the said insulating casing.
- FIG, 3 shows that the wires 4 are cemented to the sheath 2 by a layer 5 which may be either a layer of cement applied to atthe time of'manufacturing the guide or a layer of polymer previously pasted on the face of the wire 4 on the external side of the guide.
- a layer 5 which may be either a layer of cement applied to atthe time of'manufacturing the guide or a layer of polymer previously pasted on the face of the wire 4 on the external side of the guide.
- the faces of the wires are also coated with a layer of cement in order to ensure a mechanical connection between the various turns and to form, thus, a compact assembly, without the possibility for the turn to escape.
- FIG. 4 shows wires 4 whose opposite faces are cemented together at 6.
- the fixing cement for the insulating sheath may be based on usual polyethylene and the fixing cement between the various turns may be a grafted copolymer of acrylic acid or polyisocyanate or an epoxy resin.
- the quadrangular metallic wire constituting the guide is pasted on its face on the outside of the guide, with a layer of copolymer, on which will be cemented or welded the insulating sheath applied to the guide or one or several insulating tapes laid with an appropriate pitch.
- the quadrangular wire is a bi-metallic wire, whose face on the internal side of the guide is made of a metal having good conductivity and whose face on the external side is made of a metal such as aluminum or steel pasted with a layer of polymer such as polyethylene.
- FIG. 5 shows the use of a bi-metallic wire, whose layer 7 on the internal side of the guide is made of a metal which is a good conductor, such as copper, and whose layer 8 on the external side is made of a metal such as aluminum or iron, subsequently cemented at 5 to the sheath 2.
- the close connection between the pasted polymer layer and the insulating casing of the guide may be produced by any method, for example by a thermal action obtained either by the actual heat of the extrusion if the casing is roved, or by an outside heat source, for example by a generator of infra-red radiation.
- a circular wave guide consisting of a helical winding in contiguous turns of a conductor wire having a quadrangular cross-section with oblique and parallel sides and being coated with an insulating sheathing material, whereby certain turns are prevented from parting with the cylinder which they constitute when the wave guide is bent.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A circular helical wave guide in which, with a view more particularly to preventing a turn of wire from parting with the cylinder thus constituted, more particularly in the case of bending of the guide, the said wire has a quadrangular crosssection, preferably with oblique sides. That wire may also be cemented to the external insulating sheath of the guide and the turns of wire may also have their adjacent faces cemented together. The wire may previously be pasted with a layer of polymer on its face on the external side of the guide and it may also be bi-metallic.
Description
United States Patent [191 Bendayan 1 June 17, 1975 [54] FLEXIBLE CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE 1.019,729 11/1957 Germany 333/95 R UTILIZING HELICAL WINDINGS [75] Inventor: Jacques Bendayan, Lyon, France Primary Examiner-Paul Gensler Attorney. Agent, or Firm-Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, [73] Assrgnee: Les Cables de Lyon, Lyon Cedex, Zinn and Macpeak France v [22] Filed. Feb. 26, 1974 ABSTRACT [21] Appl. No.: 446,040
A circular helical wave guide in which, with a view more particularly to preventing a turn of wire from [30] Forelgn Apphcatlon pr'onty Dam parting with the cylinder thus constituted, more par- Feb. 26. 1973 France 73.06734 ticularly in the case of bending of the guide, the said wire has a quadrangular cross-section, preferably with [52] US. Cl. 333/95 A; 29/600, oblique sides, That wire may also be cemented to the [51] Int. Cl. I-IOlp 3/14 external insulating sheath of the guide and the turns of Field of Search u 333/95 95 /129, wire may also have their adjacent faces cemented t0- 88/131 29/600 gether. The wire may previously be pasted with a layer of polymer on its face on the external sideof the guide [56] References Cited and it may also be bi-metallic.
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 4/1959 United Kingdom 333/95 A 10 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures FLEXIBLE CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE UTILIZING I amide or, for example,'polyethylene dissolved in xy- HELICAL WINDINGS BACKGROUND or THE INVENTION In the usual technique, these wires have a.circula r cross-section, so that each turn is in contact with the I adjacent turn only along a simple tangency line, that is, on a very small surface. 4
Under these conditions, when the guide is, bent, the
turnswhich are on the insideof the bend are subjected.
to forces tending to bring them closer to one another and it sometimes happens that one of the turns is driven out by the neighboring turns towards the inside of the guide.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention has for its object a wave guide which is not subject to the drawback that same turns of wire forming the wave guide are displaced towards the inside of the wave guide when it is bent.
That wave guide is characterised in that the wires constituting the guide have a guadrangular crosssection, preferably with oblique sides; due to that arrangement, when the guide is bent, the sides of adjacent turns have a tendency to jam in relation to one another, this preventing the turns from coming out of the cylinder which they constitute.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The specific nature of the invention, as well as other objects, uses and advantages thereof, will clearly appear from the following description and from the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a part transversal cutaway view of a wave guide of known type;
FIG. 2 is a part cutaway view ofa wave guide according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one variation of the invention;
FIG. 4 is cross-sectional view illustrating another variation of the invention; and
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating yet another variation of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawing, and more particularly to FIG. 1, a wave guide of known type consists of cylindrical wires such as 1 under an insulating sheath 2. It will be seen that, when the wave guide is bent, certain wires such as 3 may part from the cylinder on which the wires are wound.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the present invention avoids the disadvantage of the prior art by forming the wave guide of a wire 4 having a quadrangular cross-section and oblique sides. Because of this geometry, when the wave guide is bent, the sides of adjacent turns have a tendency to jam in relation to one another.
To great advantage, these wires may be covered with a suitable thin varnish, or be coated with, before their winding, with a layer of plastic material, such as a poly- .quently increases the coefficient of friction between" leri which makes them slightly rough and consetheir sides. 7 i- According to a variant of'the invention, the wires constituting the guideare cemented to the insulating sheath, formed by taping or by-extr usion, arranged on the winding which they constitute. For thatpurpose, a" layer of cement is applied by any method between the v face of the conductor wires, on which the said insulat ing sheath should come and the internal face of the said insulating casing.
FIG, 3 shows that the wires 4 are cemented to the sheath 2 by a layer 5 which may be either a layer of cement applied to atthe time of'manufacturing the guide or a layer of polymer previously pasted on the face of the wire 4 on the external side of the guide.
According to another variant, applicable separately or in combinationwith the preceding variant, the faces of the wires, intended to co me opposite the faces of the neighboring turns, are also coated with a layer of cement in order to ensure a mechanical connection between the various turns and to form, thus, a compact assembly, without the possibility for the turn to escape.
FIG. 4 shows wires 4 whose opposite faces are cemented together at 6.
By way of an example, the fixing cement for the insulating sheath may be based on usual polyethylene and the fixing cement between the various turns may be a grafted copolymer of acrylic acid or polyisocyanate or an epoxy resin.
According to another embodiment of that variant, the quadrangular metallic wire constituting the guide is pasted on its face on the outside of the guide, with a layer of copolymer, on which will be cemented or welded the insulating sheath applied to the guide or one or several insulating tapes laid with an appropriate pitch.
According to a variant of that latter embodiment, the quadrangular wire is a bi-metallic wire, whose face on the internal side of the guide is made of a metal having good conductivity and whose face on the external side is made of a metal such as aluminum or steel pasted with a layer of polymer such as polyethylene.
FIG. 5 shows the use of a bi-metallic wire, whose layer 7 on the internal side of the guide is made of a metal which is a good conductor, such as copper, and whose layer 8 on the external side is made of a metal such as aluminum or iron, subsequently cemented at 5 to the sheath 2.
In these different variants, the close connection between the pasted polymer layer and the insulating casing of the guide may be produced by any method, for example by a thermal action obtained either by the actual heat of the extrusion if the casing is roved, or by an outside heat source, for example by a generator of infra-red radiation.
It will be apparent that the embodiments shown are only exemplary and that various modifications can be made in construction and arrangement within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A circular wave guide consisting of a helical winding in contiguous turns of a conductor wire having a quadrangular cross-section with oblique and parallel sides and being coated with an insulating sheathing material, whereby certain turns are prevented from parting with the cylinder which they constitute when the wave guide is bent.
2. A circular wave guide according to claim 1, wherein the conductor wire is a bi-metallic wire whose face on the internal side of the wave guide is made of copper, whereas its face on the external side is made of steel.
3. A circular wave guide according to claim 1, wherein the conductor wire is a bi-metallic wire whose face on the internal side of the wave guide is made of copper and its face on the external side ismade of aluminum.
4. A circular wave guide according to claim 1, wherein a polymer coating is applied to at least the parallel, contiguous sides of said conductor wire.
5. A circular wave guide according to claim 4,
wherein said polymer coating consists of polyethylene wherein the conductive wire is cemented to the sheathing material.
7. A- circular wave guide according to claim 6, wherein the opposite faces of adjacent turns are cemented together. v
8. A circular wave guide according to claim 6, wherein the conducting wire is pasted at least on its face on the external side of the wave guide with a layer of polymer which is fixed to the insulating sheating material of the wave guide. 1
9. A circular wave guide according to claim 8, wherein the connection between the pasted polymer layer and the insulating sheathing material of the wave guide is produced by the heat due to the roving when the insulating sheathing material is extruded.
10. A circular wave guide according to claim 8, wherein the connection between the pasted polymer layer and the insulating sheathing material is effected by infrared heat;
Claims (10)
1. A circular wave guide consisting of a helical winding in contiguous turns of a conductor wire having a quadrangular crosssection with oblique and parallel sides and being coated with an insulating sheathing material, whereby certain turns are prevented from parting with the cylinder which they constitute when the wave guide is bent.
2. A circular wave guide according to claim 1, wherein the conductor wire is a bi-metallic wire whose face on the internal side of the wave guide is made of copper, whereas its face on the external side is made of steel.
3. A circular wave guide according to claim 1, wherein the conductor wire is a bi-metallic wire whose face on the internal side of the wave guide is made of copper and its face on the external side is made of aluminum.
4. A circular wave guide according to claim 1, wherein a polymer coating is applied to at least the parallel, contiguous sides of said conductor wire.
5. A circular wave guide according to claim 4, wherein said polymer coating consists of polyethylene dissolved in xylene.
6. A circular wave guide according to claim 1, wherein tHe conductive wire is cemented to the sheathing material.
7. A circular wave guide according to claim 6, wherein the opposite faces of adjacent turns are cemented together.
8. A circular wave guide according to claim 6, wherein the conducting wire is pasted at least on its face on the external side of the wave guide with a layer of polymer which is fixed to the insulating sheating material of the wave guide.
9. A circular wave guide according to claim 8, wherein the connection between the pasted polymer layer and the insulating sheathing material of the wave guide is produced by the heat due to the roving when the insulating sheathing material is extruded.
10. A circular wave guide according to claim 8, wherein the connection between the pasted polymer layer and the insulating sheathing material is effected by infrared heat.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7306734A FR2219532B1 (en) | 1973-02-26 | 1973-02-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3890583A true US3890583A (en) | 1975-06-17 |
Family
ID=9115407
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US446040A Expired - Lifetime US3890583A (en) | 1973-02-26 | 1974-02-26 | Flexible circular waveguide utilizing helical windings |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3890583A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5645686B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1023819A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2405958A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2219532B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1456905A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1014563B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4071834A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1978-01-31 | Les Cables De Lyon S.A. | Helical wave guide |
| US4794401A (en) * | 1985-11-30 | 1988-12-27 | Nec Corporation | Rotation mechanism for a waveguide feeder |
| RU2236070C1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2004-09-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный московский завод "Салют" | Flexible waveguide |
| CN102361153A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-02-22 | 中国兵器工业第二〇六研究所 | Machining method of bent waveguide tube |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2527027Y2 (en) * | 1989-10-05 | 1997-02-26 | 松下電工株式会社 | Base material for heating floor construction |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1019729B (en) * | 1956-09-29 | 1957-11-21 | Siemens Ag | Waveguide for the transmission of electromagnetic hollow tube waves of the H-type |
| GB812032A (en) * | 1955-11-30 | 1959-04-15 | Comp Generale Electricite | Flexible wave guide |
-
1973
- 1973-02-26 FR FR7306734A patent/FR2219532B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-02-08 DE DE19742405958 patent/DE2405958A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1974-02-12 CA CA192,323A patent/CA1023819A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-15 JP JP1775974A patent/JPS5645686B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-02-18 GB GB733674A patent/GB1456905A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-26 US US446040A patent/US3890583A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-04-08 IT IT20956/74A patent/IT1014563B/en active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB812032A (en) * | 1955-11-30 | 1959-04-15 | Comp Generale Electricite | Flexible wave guide |
| DE1019729B (en) * | 1956-09-29 | 1957-11-21 | Siemens Ag | Waveguide for the transmission of electromagnetic hollow tube waves of the H-type |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4071834A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1978-01-31 | Les Cables De Lyon S.A. | Helical wave guide |
| US4794401A (en) * | 1985-11-30 | 1988-12-27 | Nec Corporation | Rotation mechanism for a waveguide feeder |
| RU2236070C1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2004-09-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный московский завод "Салют" | Flexible waveguide |
| CN102361153A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-02-22 | 中国兵器工业第二〇六研究所 | Machining method of bent waveguide tube |
| CN102361153B (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-04-02 | 中国兵器工业第二〇六研究所 | Machining method of bent waveguide tube |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1456905A (en) | 1976-12-01 |
| DE2405958A1 (en) | 1974-08-29 |
| JPS49117989A (en) | 1974-11-11 |
| FR2219532B1 (en) | 1977-09-02 |
| IT1014563B (en) | 1977-04-30 |
| CA1023819A (en) | 1978-01-03 |
| JPS5645686B2 (en) | 1981-10-28 |
| FR2219532A1 (en) | 1974-09-20 |
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